CarPlay

CarPlay is an Apple standard which enables a car radio or head unit to be a display and a controller for an iOS device. It is available on all iPhone models beginning with iPhone 5 running iOS 7.1 or later.

CarPlay
Original author(s)Apple Inc.
Developer(s)Apple Inc.
Initial releaseMarch 10, 2014 (2014-03-10)
Stable release
iOS 16.4.1 (a) / May 1, 2023 (2023-05-01)
Operating systemiOS
PlatformiPhone
Available inuses the same language as the connected iPhone
TypeTelematics
Websiteapple.com/ios/carplay/

According to Apple's website, all major vehicle manufacturers are using CarPlay.[1] Vehicles without CarPlay can have vehicle audio products from automotive aftermarket suppliers fitted.[1]

Software

Apple's own CarPlay-enabled apps include:

Developers must request permission[2] from Apple to develop CarPlay-enabled apps.[3] Such apps fall into five categories:

  • Audio: primarily provide audio content, such as music or podcasts. Examples: Amazon Music, Audible, Google Play Music, iHeartRadio, QQ Music, Spotify, and Overcast.
  • Navigation: turn-by-turn guidance, including searching for points of interests and navigating to a destination. Examples: AutoNavi, Baidu Maps, Google Maps, and Waze.
  • Automaker-made apps allow a user to control vehicle-specific features such as climate controls, gas levels, or radio via CarPlay.
  • Messaging/Voice over IP (VoIP) : listen to new messages and reply using dictation in an audio-only interface. Messaging apps on CarPlay integrate with third-party Siri support (known as SiriKit), while VoIP apps integrate with the iOS calling interface using CallKit. Examples: Telegram, WhatsApp, and Zoom.
  • Food ordering and parking services apps.[4]

To discourage distracted driving, Siri is used extensively, providing voice turn-by-turn navigation guidance and voice-input for text messages. Newscast-style weather and stock results are announced instead of displayed visually. Requests which bring up visual information may be blocked when the car is in drive; most native CarPlay Apps deliver audio content with minimal interaction.

CarPlay-enabled apps installed on the device also appear on the CarPlay home screen.

Hardware

While most of the CarPlay software runs on the connected iPhone, the CarPlay interface provides the audio and display connection to the car's infotainment system. CarPlay adapts to various display sizes and control interfaces for each vehicle: touch screen, rotary dials, buttons, steering-wheel controls and hands-free microphones.

Aftermarket head units may support CarPlay and/or Android Auto. Aftermarket head units can be purchased from Alpine, Clarion, Kenwood, Pioneer,[1] Sony and JVC.[5]

The iPhone can connect to the car through a USB cable or wirelessly in two ways: by exchanging network credentials with a supporting CarPlay receiver over Bluetooth, establishing a two-way Wi-Fi connection; or by using a dongle adapter to enable a wireless connection to the system's USB port.[6]

Manufacturers

Most major automakers offer vehicles with CarPlay.[7] Manufacturers with no CarPlay models include Wuling and Tesla Motors.[1]

Honda offers CarPlay on the Gold Wing motorcycle and on the Africa Twin.

History

Predecessor

By 2008, a year after iPhone introduction [2009 model year for America], Mercedes vehicles were first to sell an audio system incorporating both the [iPod and iPhone] and were equipped with 30 pin iOS input jacks. The new 2008 Harman Kardon NTG 2.5 featured full audio streaming, syncing, charging and control integrated into the steering wheel controls, instrument panel and head unit. Apple was working with Mercedes to develop iOS compatible audio systems into their cars first only a year after iPhone launch. With an Apple Lightning to 30 Pin adapter, iPhones/iPods remain backwards compatible with the Harman Kardon 2.5 and later models. This is the earliest audio system sold specifically engineered for iPod/iPhone integration, which predated CarPlay and every other manufacturer incorporating iOS into vehicles. [8]

The concept of CarPlay was based on the iOS 4 feature called "iPod Out" which was produced through several years of joint development by Apple and the BMW Group's Technology Office USA.[9] iPod Out enabled vehicles with the necessary infrastructure to "host" the analog video and audio from a supporting iOS device while receiving inputs, such as button presses and knob rotations, from a car's infotainment system, to drive the "hosted" user interface in the vehicle's built-in display. It was announced at WWDC 2010 and first shipped in BMW Group vehicles in early 2011. The BMW and Mini option was called "PlugIn" and paved the way for the first cross-OEM platforms, introducing the concept of requiring a car-specific interface for apps (as opposed to MirrorLink's simple and insufficient mirroring of what was shown on the smartphone's screen).[10]

Development

CarPlay's codename was Stark.[11] Apple's Eddy Cue announced it as iOS in the Car at WWDC 2013.[12] In January 2014 it was reported that Apple's hardware-oriented corporate culture had led to release delays.[13] iOS in the Car was then rebranded and launched as "CarPlay" at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2014[14] with Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, and Volvo among the first car manufacturers.[15]

In 2022, Apple teased the next generation of CarPlay, which extends the user interface across multiple screens in the vehicle.[16]

iOS 9

iOS 9 added the ability to link car and iPhone wirelessly, not just a wired USB connector. It also allowed vehicle manufacturers to load apps which allow a user to control vehicle-specific features such as climate controls or radio via CarPlay.[17]

iOS 10

iOS 10's Messages app allows the user to listen to new messages and reply using dictation in an audio-only interface.[18]

iOS 12

iOS 12 added turn-by-turn guidance, including searching for points of interests and navigating to a destination, as well as support for third-party navigation apps like Google Maps or Waze.

iOS 13

iOS 13 added Dashboard, an alternative to the app home screen, which presents a split layout of maps, media information, Calendar, or Siri Suggestions. It also added Calendar to the home screen, allowing suggested events to link towards map directions to the event location. A new Settings app enabled users to configure certain CarPlay specific settings, such as switching between light and dark modes, adjusting album art in CarPlay’s Now Playing screen, or enabling Do Not Disturb While Driving while in a CarPlay session.[19] Third-party maps may also be displayed on Dashboard starting with iOS 13.4.[20][21] It also added Apple's News app.

iOS 14

iOS 14 added new preset wallpapers[22] and the ability to run food ordering and parking services apps.[4]

iOS 15

iOS 15 brought improvements to Apple Maps and Focus modes, allowing users to customize (prioritize or postpone) notification delivery, particularly while driving.

iOS 16

iOS 16 removed the confirmation process in sending a message, as well as in an update scheduled for late 2023, CarPlay will be able to connect to a car's internal systems to show the car's information on every screen available,[23] including the gauge cluster.

Adoption

June 2013: BMW officials announced their cars would not support CarPlay; they later changed their minds.[24]

November 2013: Siri Eyes Free mode was offered as a dealer-installed accessory in the US to some Honda Accord and Acura RDX & ILX models.[25] In December, Honda offered additional integration, featuring new HondaLink services, on some US and Canada models of the Civic and the Fit.[26]

September 2014: A Ferrari FF was the first car with a full version of CarPlay.[27]

November 2014: Hyundai announced the Sonata sedan will be available with CarPlay by the end of the first quarter of 2015.[28]

December 2015: Volvo implemented CarPlay in the 2016 XC90.[29]

January 2016: Apple released a list detailing the car models which support CarPlay.[30]

April 2017: The new generation Scania range became the first heavy duty truck in Europe to support CarPlay.[31]

July 2017: The new Volvo VNL became the first heavy duty truck in the United States to support CarPlay.[32]

October 2017: The 2018 Honda Gold Wing became the first motorcycle to support CarPlay.[33]

January 2018: The 2019 Toyota Avalon became the first Toyota model with Apple CarPlay.[34]

July 2018: Mazda added CarPlay support to vehicles newer than 2013 and equipped with the MZD-Connect system.[35]

August 2018: Harley-Davidson CarPlay support was added to 2019 Touring models equipped with Boom! Box GTS radio.[36]

December 2019: BMW no longer requires a subscription to use CarPlay.[37]

Competition

The Open Automotive Alliance's Android Auto is a similar implementation used for Android devices.

Some vehicle manufacturers have their own systems for syncing the car with smartphones, for example: BMW ConnectedDrive, NissanConnect, Hyundai Blue Link, iLane, MyFord Touch, Ford SYNC, OnStar, and Toyota Entune.

General Motors has released an API to allow the development of apps which interact with vehicle software systems.[38]

MirrorLink is a standard for car-smartphone connectivity, currently implemented in vehicles by Honda, Volkswagen, SEAT, Buick, Skoda, Mercedes-Benz, Citroën, and Smart with phones by multiple manufacturers including Apple, HTC, Sony, and Samsung.[39][40]

Phaseout by General Motors

In April 2023, General Motors announced that it would phase out the adoption of Apple CarPlay and Android Auto in future electric vehicles. GM executive Scott Miller stated upon the announcement that the Detroit-based auto manufacturer believes it can deliver a better experience than what is provided by Apple and Android, particularly citing the example of car software which warms up the electric automobile's battery as something Apple software would not be able to do. The company further assured its customers that Bluetooth would still be included for drivers to pair their smartphones to. GM's move, however, received widespread backlash from consumers for mandating giving up CarPlay as a condition of purchasing a new vehicle from GM. The move was interpreted by the press and by journalists as also promoting its partnership with Google and cutting off revenue streams to Apple at the expense of its customers, and some sources noted that the move would severely inhibit customers' personal freedoms and data privacy.[41][42][43][44]

In response to the phaseout, GM rival Ford announced that it would guarantee CarPlay availability in future releases. Ford noted that customers continue to enjoy CarPlay functionality in its automobiles, distinguishing itself among EV manufacturers for including CarPlay when GM recently ditched it as well as Tesla and Rivian historically excluded CarPlay from their systems; Tesla only recently added Apple Music to its own car software. The Detroit Free Press noted that some longtime GM customers were willing to look at purchasing a Ford automobile due to GM's move.[45][46]

References
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  2. "CarPlay - Apple Developer". Apple. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  3. "MPPlayableContentManager Class Reference". Apple. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  4. "Everything new coming to CarPlay with iOS 14". AppleInsider. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  5. Singleton, Micah (July 2016). "JVC's first Apple CarPlay receiver is now available". Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  6. Hall, Zac (4 May 2020). "Review: This adapter turns standard CarPlay into Wireless CarPlay, and somehow it actually works". 9to5Mac. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  7. "More than 200 models to choose from". Apple. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  8. Operator's Manual Mercedes Benz
  9. "BMW supports iPod Out by Apple". YouTube. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  10. Kumparak, Greg (13 July 2010). "iOS 4's hidden "iPod Out" feature brings iPhone support to your car without the messy third party UI". TechCrunch. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  11. Ritchie, Rene (19 February 2015). "CarPlay: The present and future of Apple automotive". iMore.
  12. Cue, Eddy; Cook, Tim; Federighi, Craig; Ive, Jony et al. (10 June 2013). WWDC 2013 Keynote. Moscone West, San Francisco, California: Apple. Event occurs at 1:43:28.
  13. Cole, Shane (28 January 2014). "Organizational strife said to bedevil Apple's iOS in the Car initiative". AppleInsider. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  14. "Apple unveils CarPlay iPhone system at Geneva show". BBC News. BBC. 4 March 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  15. Dredge, Stuart (3 March 2014). "Apple CarPlay debuts with Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz and Volvo". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  16. Dunn, Jeff (7 June 2022). "Apple's "next generation" of CarPlay plans to take over every screen in your car". Ars Technica. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  17. "Apple Teases Wireless CarPlay And Automaker Apps". TechCrunch. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  18. Hall, Zac (14 June 2016). "CarPlay in iOS 10: Improved Apple Music, removing & rearranging apps, more". 9to5Mac. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  19. Hall, Zac (13 June 2019). "Hands-on with CarPlay in iOS 13: New apps, light mode, more". 9to5Mac. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  20. "Enjoy Google Maps in Apple Car Play". Blog.google. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  21. "Waze will soon support CarPlay's split-view dashboard mode". The Verge. 23 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  22. "iOS 14: All the New CarPlay Features". iPhone Hacks | #1 iPhone, iPad, iOS Blog. 1 October 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  23. "iOS 16 Preview - New Features". Apple. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  24. Neff, John (12 June 2013). "Why BMW doesn't plan to integrate Apple's iOS in the Car [UPDATE]". Autoblog. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  25. Slivka, Eric (26 November 2013). "Siri Eyes Free Now Available for Select Honda and Acura Vehicles, Deeper Integration Coming Soon". MacRumors. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
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  27. Lynn, Walford (September 2014). "Ferrari wins iPhone race 1st CarPlay Connected Car". Auto Connected Car. Aproprose. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  28. "Hyundai expects CarPlay to be available in Sonata by end of quarter". Apple Carplay News and Owners Group. Mike Szostech. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  29. "Volvo brings Apple CarPlay to its XC90 crossover". Roadshow. CNET. 7 December 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
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  31. "Even Big Mercedes, Scania Trucks Getting Apple CarPlay Now". Motor1. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  32. "Volvo's new semi trucks now have more autonomous features and Apple CarPlay". The Verge. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  33. "Honda's 2018 Gold Wing is the first motorcycle with CarPlay". Engadget. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  34. "2019 Toyota Avalon". Toyota. 15 January 2018. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  35. "Mazda Adds Smartphone Control to MZD Connect". Mazda. 12 July 2018.
  36. "H-D Delivers Bold Motorcycle Performance And Ride-Enhancing Technology For 2019". Harley-Davidson. 21 August 2018.
  37. "BMW will drop its Apple CarPlay fees (updated)". Engadget. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
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  39. "MirrorLink". Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  40. "Members". Car Connectivity Consortium. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  41. Hawkins, Andrew J. (18 April 2023). "GM thinks it can wean you off Apple CarPlay and Android Auto". The Verge. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  42. Farrell, Nick. "General Motors dumps Apple Carplay". www.fudzilla.com. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  43. George, Patrick (4 April 2023). "Everybody hates GM's decision to kill Apple CarPlay and Android Auto for its EVs". The Verge. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  44. Foote, Brett (19 April 2023). "FORD RIVAL GM DOUBLES DOWN ON DITCHING ANDROID AUTO, CARPLAY". Ford Authority. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  45. "Ford reportedly commits to Apple CarPlay 'because customers love the capability'". Macworld. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  46. Adorno, José (14 April 2023). "Ford commits to CarPlay in EVs as GM and Rivian wave adios". BGR. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
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