Carcharias

Carcharias is a genus of sand tiger sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae. Once bearing many prehistoric species, all have gone extinct with the exception of the critically endangered sand tiger shark.

For Carcharodon carcharias, see Great white shark.

Carcharias
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous to present
Sand tiger shark, (Carcharias taurus), the last extant member of the genus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Order: Lamniformes
Family: Odontaspididae
Genus: Carcharias
Rafinesque, 1810

Description

Carcharias are 2.5 m long on average. The maximum weight of the shark is 158.8 kg.[1]

Differentiating species of sharks is usually done by locating and measuring their fins. The second dorsal fin and the anal fin of Carcharias are very large. In fact, they are about equal in size. The pectoral fins are triangular and only slightly larger than the dorsal fins. The teeth are very long and narrow with sharp points. The teeth are smooth with no ridges. The tail is one third of the entire body size.[2]

Diet

Carcharias species hunt bony fish, small sharks, rays, squids, crabs, and lobsters.[3]

Habitat

Sand tiger sharks live in water depths ranging from 0 to 190 meters. They are found in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. They are commonly found in surf zones.[3]

Species

With the Greek name 'Carcharias' literally translating to “shark”, many presently extant species have been placed into this genus before being moved to different genera and orders.

Extant species

Species previously described in this genus

Extinct species

Extinct species within this genus lived from the Cretaceous period to the Quaternary period (from 99.7 to 0.012 Ma). Fossils have been found all over the world, especially in the Miocene and Oligocene sediments of Europe, the United States and Australia, in the Eocene of Egypt, Europe and the United States, as well as in the Cretaceous of Australia, Canada, the United States, Europe and Africa.[12] Species from the fossil record include:[12]

Fossil teeth of Carcharias holmdelensis from Israel, Upper Cretaceous
Fossil teeth of Carcharias samhammeri from Israel, Upper Cretaceous
Fossil teeth of Carcharias tingitana from Morocco, Paleogene

Cretaceous species
  • Carcharias tenuiplicatus
  • Carcharias holmdelensis Maastrichtian
  • Carcharias samhammeri Late Cretaceous
  • Carcharias heathi Late Cretaceous

[13]

Paleogene species
  • Carcharias acutissima (Agassiz, 1844) - Late Eocene
  • Carcharias atlasi
  • Carcharias hopei (Agassiz, 1843) - Late Palaeocene - Eocene
  • Carcharias koerti (Stromer, 1905)
  • Carcharias robusta? (Leriche, 1921) - Early Eocene
  • Carcharias teretidens - maybe placed into its own genus as Sylvestrilamia teretidens[13]
  • Carcharias teretidens (White, 1931), - Late Palaeocene - Eocene
  • Carcharias tingitana (Arambourg, 1952)
  • Carcharias vincenti (Woodward, 1899)
  • Carcharias whitei (Arambourg, 1952) - Paleocene

[13]

Neogene
  • Carcharias acutissima (Agassiz, 1843), Oligocene - Pliocene
  • Carcharias reticulata (Probst, 1879), Oligocene - Miocene
  • Carcharias cuspidata (Agassiz, 1843), Oligocene - Miocene
  • Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810, Pliocene - Present
  • Carcharias cuspidata (Agassiz, 1843), Pliocene - Miocene
  • Carcharias sp. - unidentified but maybe similar to the Carcharias contortidens as described by Agassiz in 1843, from the Miocene.
  • Carcharias reticulata (Kent 1994) maybe classified as Odontaspis acutissma (Agassiz 1843) from the Miocene.

[13][14]

References
  1. "Carcharias taurus, Sand tiger shark : fisheries, gamefish". www.fishbase.de.
  2. Garman. "sand Shark".
  3. "Sand Tiger Sharks, Carcharias taurus". Archived from the original on 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
  4. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell, 1837)". www.marinespecies.org.
  5. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carcharias borneensis Seale, 1910". www.marinespecies.org.
  6. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carcharias brachyrhynchos Bleeker, 1859". www.marinespecies.org.
  7. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carcharias brevipinna Müller & Henle, 1839". www.marinespecies.org.
  8. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carcharias falciformis Müller & Henle, 1839". www.marinespecies.org.
  9. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carcharias fronto Jordan & Gilbert, 1882". www.marinespecies.org.
  10. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carcharias hemiodon Müller & Henle, 1839". www.marinespecies.org.
  11. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carcharias sealei Pietschmann, 1913". www.marinespecies.org.
  12. "Fossilworks: Carcharias". fossilworks.org.
  13. "elasmo.com". www.elasmo.com.
  14. "Shark teeth references Accessed 2008/07/07". Archived from the original on May 21, 2008.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.