Brahmin dynasty of Sindh
The Brahmin dynasty of Sindh (c. 632– 712),[3] also known as the Chacha dynasty,[4] were the Brahmin Hindu ruling family of the Chacha Empire. The Brahmin dynasty were successors of the Rai dynasty. The dynasty ruled on the Indian subcontinent which originated in the region of Sindh, present-day Pakistan. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chach Nama, a historical account of the Chach-Brahmin dynasty.[5]
Brahmin dynasty of Sindh "Chacha dynasty" | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | Aror | ||||||||
| Common languages | Sanskrit, Sindhi | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Maharaja | |||||||||
• 632–671 | Chach | ||||||||
• 671–679 | Chandar | ||||||||
• 695–712 | Dahir | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Chach founds the empire | 632 CE | ||||||||
• Annexed by the Umayyad Caliphate | 724 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Pakistan
 India | ||||||||
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After the Chacha Empire's fall in 712, though the empire had ended, its dynasty's members administered parts of Sindh under the Umayyad Caliphate's Caliphal province of Sind.[3] These rulers include Hullishāh and Shishah.[3]
History
The dynasty was founded by a Brahmin named Chach of Alor after he married the widow of Rai Sahasi II and usurped the Buddhist Rai Dynasty. His claim was further secured by the killing of Rai Sahasi II's brother.[3][6]
The casus belli for the Ummayad invasion was Sindhi pirates seizing tribute sent from the king of Serendib to the Ummayad Caliph. For the campaign Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan granted a large army to the governor Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, but no attempt was made to annex Sindh due to the caliph's death. Under his son and successor Al-Walid I, the general Muhammad bin Qasim led Islamic invasion of Sindh in 712.
During the conflict local Buddhist clans who maintained loyalty to the previous Rai dynasty such as the Jats, allied themselves with the Ummayads against Dahir. The last Hindu king of Sindh Raja Dahir was killed during the battle of Alor and Sindh was annexed into the Ummayad Caliphate .[7]
Rulers
The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are:[3]
Under the Umayyad Caliphate:
- Dahirsiya (r. c. 679 – c. 709– from Brahmanabad)
- Hullishāh (r. c. 712 – c. 724– )
- Shishah (r. 724– )
._Crowned_head_right%253B_swastika_to_right_Large_trident.jpg.webp)
Sindh. Chach of Alor. Pracandendra. Circa 632-671 CE. AR Damma (11mm, 0.64 g, 2h). Obverse: Crowned head right; swastika to right. Reverse: Large trident_Head_right%253B_%C5%9Bri_in_Brahmi_on_forehead_Stylized_fire_altar_surmounted_by_three_pellets%253B_tapan_and_rja_in_Brahmi_around.jpg.webp)
Sindh. Multan. ‘Śri Tapana’. Circa 675-700 CE. AR Damma (12mm, 0.62 g, 8h) Head right; śri in Brahmi on forehead Stylized fire altar surmounted by three pellets; tapan and rja in Brahmi around
See also
References
- Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (b). ISBN 0226742210.
- Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (b). ISBN 0226742210.
- Wink, André (1991). Al- Hind: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest. Brill. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9004095098.
- Rao, B. S. L. Hanumantha; Rao, K. Basaveswara (1958). Indian History and Culture. Commercial Literature Company. p. 337.
- Keay, John (1999). India: A History. London: HarperCollins. pp. 182–183. ISBN 978-0-00-255717-7.
- MacLean, Derryl N. (1989). Religion and Society in Arab Sind. Brill. ISBN 9004085513.
- Burton, Richard (1851). Sindh and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus. Asian Educational Services. pp. 14–15. ISBN 9788120607583.