Code page 37

Code page 37 (CCSID 37; label IBM037),[1] known as "USA/Canada - CECP", is an EBCDIC code page used on IBM mainframes. It encodes the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire of graphic characters.

EBCDIC 037
MIME / IANAIBM037
Alias(es)cp037, ebcdic-cp-us, ebcdic-cp-ca, ebcdic-cp-wt, ebcdic-cp-nl, csIBM037[1]
ClassificationEBCDIC
Transforms / EncodesISO/IEC 8859-1
Other related encoding(s)EBCDIC 37-2, 500, 924, 1047, 1140

Code page 37 is one of the most-used and best-supported EBCDIC code pages. It is used as the default z/OS code page in the United States and other English speaking countries.[2] It is considered the "required" EBCDIC code page for the United States,[3] and also used in Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Portugal and Brazil, and on ESA/390 systems in Canada,[4] but not on Canadian AS/400 systems, which use Code page 500 instead.[5] It is one of four EBCDIC code pages (alongside 500, 875 and 1026) with mapping data supplied by Microsoft to the Unicode Consortium,[6] and one of seven (alongside 273, 424, 500, 875, 1026 and 1140) supported by Python as standard.[7]

Character set

Code page 37 exists in two versions:[8]: 5·2  a "base character set" or "DP94" version (GCSGID 101 with CPGID 37, or CCSID 8229), containing only 94 graphical characters (plus the space and control codes),[9][8]: 5·15  and a "CECP" (Country Extended Code Page) version (GCSGID 697 with CPGID 37, or CCSID 37) with expansions to support the entire ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire.[4][8][10]: 5·17 

Code page 37[11][12][8]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x NUL SOH STX ETX SEL  HT  RNL DEL  GE  SPS RPT  VT   FF   CR   SO   SI  
1x DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 RES/
ENP		  NL    BS  POC CAN  EM  UBS CU1  IFS  IGS  IRS IUS/
ITB
2x  DS  SOS  FS  WUS BYP/
INP		  LF  ETB ESC  SA  SFE  SM/
SW		 CSP MFA ENQ ACK BEL
3x SYN   IR   PP  TRN NBS EOT SBS   IT  RFF CU3 DC4 NAK SUB
4x  SP  NBSP â
00E2		 ä
00E4		 à
00E0		 á
00E1		 ã
00E3		 å
00E5		 ç
00E7		 ñ
00F1		 ¢
00A2		 .
002E		 <
003C		 (
0028		 +
002B		 |
007C
5x &
0026		 é
00E9		 ê
00EA		 ë
00EB		 è
00E8		 í
00ED		 î
00EE		 ï
00EF		 ì
00EC		 ß
00DF		 !
0021		 $
0024		 *
002A		 )
0029		 ;
003B		 ¬
00AC
6x -
002D		 /
002F		 Â
00C2		 Ä
00C4		 À
00C0		 Á
00C1		 Ã
00C3		 Å
00C5		 Ç
00C7		 Ñ
00D1		 ¦
00A6		 ,
002C		 %
0025		 _
005F		 >
003E		 ?
003F
7x ø
00F8		 É
00C9		 Ê
00CA		 Ë
00CB		 È
00C8		 Í
00CD		 Î
00CE		 Ï
00CF		 Ì
00CC		 `
0060		 :
003A		 #
0023		 @
0040		 '
0027		 =
003D		 "
0022
8x Ø
00D8		 a
0061		 b
0062		 c
0063		 d
0064		 e
0065		 f
0066		 g
0067		 h
0068		 i
0069		 «
00AB		 »
00BB		 ð
00F0		 ý
00FD		 þ
00FE		 ±
00B1
9x °
00B0		 j
006A		 k
006B		 l
006C		 m
006D		 n
006E		 o
006F		 p
0070		 q
0071		 r
0072		 ª
00AA		 º
00BA		 æ
00E6		 ¸
00B8		 Æ
00C6		 ¤
00A4
Ax µ
00B5		 ~
007E		 s
0073		 t
0074		 u
0075		 v
0076		 w
0077		 x
0078		 y
0079		 z
007A		 ¡
00A1		 ¿
00BF		 Ð
00D0		 Ý
00DD		 Þ
00DE		 ®
00AE
Bx ^
005E		 £
00A3		 ¥
00A5		 ·
00B7		 ©
00A9		 §
00A7
00B6		 ¼
00BC		 ½
00BD		 ¾
00BE		 [
005B		 ]
005D		 ¯
00AF		 ¨
00A8		 ´
00B4		 ×
00D7
Cx {
007B		 A
0041		 B
0042		 C
0043		 D
0044		 E
0045		 F
0046		 G
0047		 H
0048		 I
0049		 SHY ô
00F4		 ö
00F6		 ò
00F2		 ó
00F3		 õ
00F5
Dx }
007D		 J
004A		 K
004B		 L
004C		 M
004D		 N
004E		 O
004F		 P
0050		 Q
0051		 R
0052		 ¹
00B9		 û
00FB		 ü
00FC		 ù
00F9		 ú
00FA		 ÿ
00FF
Ex \
005C		 ÷
00F7		 S
0053		 T
0054		 U
0055		 V
0056		 W
0057		 X
0058		 Y
0059		 Z
005A		 ²
00B2		 Ô
00D4		 Ö
00D6		 Ò
00D2		 Ó
00D3		 Õ
00D5
Fx 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 ³
00B3		 Û
00DB		 Ü
00DC		 Ù
00D9		 Ú
00DA		  EO 
  CECP additions not part of the base set.

Pre-1986 version

The CECP code pages, including code page 37, were modified in 1986.[13] The post-1986 version is sometimes referred to as code page 37 "version 1"[14] ("037/1"),[8]: 5·17  while the previous version is referred to as code page 37 "version 0",[14][15] or alternatively as code page 1070.[15] Four positions differ between version 1 and version 0.[14] These 1986 modifications brought the CECP character repertoire in sync with ISO 8859-1.[10] The changes affect only the CECP expansions; the 94-character base set is unchanged between both versions.

The differing portion of the older version is shown below; the remainder is the same as the current code page 37. The character at 0xE1 is a numeric (figure) space,[13][16] although it was also used as a mapping for the control code U+009F (APC in ECMA-48).[13]

Code page 37/0 (1070), bytes 0xB0–EF[16][17][10]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Bx ^
005E		 £
00A3		 ¥
00A5		 ·
00B7		 ƒ
0192		 §
00A7
00B6		 ¼
00BC		 ½
00BD		 ¾
00BE		 [
005B		 ]
005D		 ¯
00AF		 ¨
00A8		 ´
00B4		 ‗
2017
Cx {
007B		 A
0041		 B
0042		 C
0043		 D
0044		 E
0045		 F
0046		 G
0047		 H
0048		 I
0049		 SHY ô
00F4		 ö
00F6		 ò
00F2		 ó
00F3		 õ
00F5
Dx }
007D		 J
004A		 K
004B		 L
004C		 M
004D		 N
004E		 O
004F		 P
0050		 Q
0051		 R
0052		 ı
0131		 û
00FB		 ü
00FC		 ù
00F9		 ú
00FA		 ÿ
00FF
Ex \
005C		 FSP
2007		 S
0053		 T
0054		 U
0055		 V
0056		 W
0057		 X
0058		 Y
0059		 Z
005A		 ²
00B2		 Ô
00D4		 Ö
00D6		 Ò
00D2		 Ó
00D3		 Õ
00D5
  Differences from code page 37/1.

Code page translation

Since CP 037 contains all of the standard Latin-1 characters, it is possible to translate the character codes from the CP 037 charset to ISO 8859-1 character codes, so that translation back to the CP 037 charset is an exact value-preserving round-trip conversion. Likewise, half of the control character codes can be translated into their exact ASCII equivalents. If the remaining EBCDIC-only control characters are translated (arbitrarily) into the remaining unused ASCII codes points (hex 80 to 9F) as well, the resulting translation covers all of the 256 character code points. Such a translation table is shown below:

CP 037 → ISO 8859-1
 _0_1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_9_A_B_C_D_E_F
0_000102039C09867F978D8E0B0C0D0E0F
1_101112139D8508871819928F1C1D1E1F
2_80818283840A171B88898A8B8C050607
3_909116939495960498999A9B14159E1A
4_20A0E2E4E0E1E3E5E7F1A22E3C282B7C
5_26E9EAEBE8EDEEEFECDF21242A293BAC
6_2D2FC2C4C0C1C3C5C7D1A62C255F3E3F
7_F8C9CACBC8CDCECFCC603A2340273D22
8_D8616263646566676869ABBBF0FDFEB1
9_B06A6B6C6D6E6F707172AABAE6B8C6A4
A_B57E737475767778797AA1BFD0DDDEAE
B_5EA3A5B7A9A7B6BCBDBE5B5DAFA8B4D7
C_7B414243444546474849ADF4F6F2F3F5
D_7D4A4B4C4D4E4F505152B9FBFCF9FAFF
E_5CF7535455565758595AB2D4D6D2D3D5
F_30313233343536373839B3DBDCD9DA9F

Variants and relation to other code pages

Several other code pages exist, which amount to code page 37 with a few characters swapped. In particular, code page 37 encodes the hard brackets ([]) at BAhex and BBhex, while other variants use other encodings for the hard brackets. For example, code page 1047 is a variant used by the MVS Open Systems compiler.[18] It differs from code page 37 in six positions: Ý and [ switch places, as do ¨ and ], placing the hard brackets at ADhex and BDhex; the caret and not sign also switch places[19][20] This encoding of the brackets was inherited from the 3270 display system.[21] Although IBM intends code page 1047 to be used to fulfil specific requirements only, and not as a replacement for code pages 37 and 500,[3] the subset of code page 1047 encoding the ASCII repertoire was used for the single-byte graphical codes in UTF-EBCDIC.[18]

A hybrid of code pages 37 and 1047 used in combination with code page 310 on the 3279 system has been acknowledged by SHARE, but not officially designated as a code page by IBM, and is sometimes referred to as code page 37-2 by transcoding software.[21] It mostly matches code page 1047, except that the caret and the not sign are inverted to match code page 37.[21][22]

Code page 500, known as "International EBCDIC",[5] "International Latin-1" or "International Number 5",[21] is the other major EBCDIC encoding for the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire. It is used in Belgium, Switzerland and on AS/400 systems in Canada.[5] It is related to code page 37 and has the same repertoire, but differs in seven positions; in particular, it encodes [ and ] at 4Ahex and 5Ahex respectively, which are used for the cent sign (¢) and exclamation point (!) in code page 37. The caret (^) is also encoded at 5Fhex, similarly to code page 1047. The ¢ is encoded at B0hex, the ¬ at BAhex, the ! at 4Fhex and the pipe character (|) at BBhex.[23][24] Code page 500 is in turn related to the German code page 273, which swaps several character pairs in a manner corresponding to the differences between DRV8 and ISO/IEC 8859-1, resulting in placement of the hard brackets at 63hex and FChex.[25]

A variant of code page 37 with the euro sign (€) character added at the 9Fhex position, replacing the universal currency sign (¤) is code page 1140.[26][27] Similarly, code page 1148 makes the same change to code page 500,[28][29] and code page 1141 does so to code page 273.[30]

An EBCDIC code page with the ISO/IEC 8859-15 repertoire, including the euro sign, is code page 924; this is related to code page 1047 but with the ISO/IEC 8859-1 characters replaced with their ISO/IEC 8859-15 replacements, with ¢ and ¬ moved to their code page 500 locations at B0hex and BAhex respectively, and with Ý moved to 4Ahex.[31]

See also

References
  1. IANA Character Sets
  2. Stephens, David (2011), "Lost in Translation 1 - EBCDIC Code Pages", LongEx Mainframe Quarterly, Longpela Expertise
  3. "Code page identifiers—CPGID 1047". IBM. Archived from the original on 2015-06-07. This code page is meant for limited use to meet specific requirements. It is not intended as a replacement for Code Page 00037 which is the required code page for the United States and several other countries or Code Page 00500
  4. "Coded character set identifiers—CCSID 37". IBM. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  5. "Coded character set identifiers—CCSID 500". IBM. Archived from the original on 2014-12-01.
  6. "Mappings | Vendors | Microsoft | EBCDIC". Unicode Consortium.
  7. "codecs — Codec registry and base classes § Standard Encodings". Python Documentation. Python Software Foundation.
  8. "Chapter 5. 3270 Display Station and Printer Code Page Charts" (PDF). 3174 Establishment Controller Character Set Reference (3rd ed.). IBM. 1990 [1988]. GA27-3831-02.
  9. "Coded character set identifiers—CCSID 8229". IBM. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  10. "iso8859.txt". Kermit project / Columbia University.
  11. Code Page CPGID 00037 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
  12. Code Page CPGID 00037 (txt), IBM
  13. IBM (2018) [1990, 1995]. "Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA)". IBM. p. 327. Prior to 1986, ISO-8 X'9F' (APC) mapped to EBCDIC X'E1'. This control code point is a graphic code point. It was previously used as numeric space character in many EBCDIC SBCS coded character sets, and with the latest revised CECPs, the numeric space character has been replaced with DIVISION SYMBOL.
  14. "Code Pages (§ Version 1 vs Version 0)" (PDF). IPDS and SCS Technical Reference. IBM. p. 375. S544-5312-07.
  15. "Coded character set identifiers—CCSID 12325". IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. CP 1070 is CP 0037 Version 0
  16. Code Page CPGID 01070 (txt), IBM
  17. Code Page CPGID 01070 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
  18. Umamaheswaran, V.S. (2002-04-16). "UTF-EBCDIC". Unicode Consortium. Unicode Technical Report #16. The map preserves the invariance for a set of 82 graphic characters (including SPACE) (known as the IBM Syntactic Graphic Character set), and maintains consistency with the IBM MVS Open Systems Code page (CPGID 1047) for the variant characters from within the ASCII repertoire.
  19. "ibm-1047". International Components for Unicode. Converter Explorer. Unicode Consortium.
  20. "Code page 1047" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-08. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  21. xlate - Transliterate Contents of Records, IBM Corporation, 2010 [1986], archived from the original on 2019-06-16, retrieved 2016-10-18
  22. "x3270 Character Set". x3270 Documentation. Archived from the original on 2018-11-10.
  23. "ibm-500". International Components for Unicode. Converter Explorer. Unicode Consortium.
  24. "Code page 500" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-08. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  25. "ibm-273". International Components for Unicode. Converter Explorer. Unicode Consortium.
  26. "ibm-1140". International Components for Unicode. Converter Explorer. Unicode Consortium.
  27. "Code page 1140" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-08. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  28. "ibm-1140". International Components for Unicode. Converter Explorer. Unicode Consortium.
  29. "Code page 1148" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-08. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  30. "ibm-1141". International Components for Unicode. Converter Explorer. Unicode Consortium.
  31. "Code page 924" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-08. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
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