North Yorkshire

North Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in both the Yorkshire and the Humber region and North East England. It is the largest county of England by land area, at 2,483 square miles (6,430 km2),[3][4] and has two national parks; the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales.

This article is about the ceremonial county. For the historic riding, see North Riding of Yorkshire. For other uses, see North Yorkshire (disambiguation). For the district, see North Yorkshire (district).

North Yorkshire
Ceremonial county
Location of North Yorkshire within England
Location of North Yorkshire within England
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionDivided between Yorkshire and the Humber & North East
Established1974
Established byLocal Government Act 1972
Preceded byNorth Riding of Yorkshire
OriginYorkshire
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (Greenwich Mean Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (British Summer Time)
Members of ParliamentList of MPs
PoliceNorth Yorkshire Police
Cleveland Police
Largest townMiddlesbrough
Ceremonial county
Lord LieutenantJohanna Ropner[1]
High SheriffClare Deborah Granger (2023-24)[2]
Area9,020 km2 (3,480 sq mi)
 • Ranked1st of 48
Population (2021)1,158,816
 • Ranked14th of 48
Density134/km2 (350/sq mi)
Ethnicity96% White
2.0% S.Asian
0.6% Black
Districts

Districts of North Yorkshire
Districts  Unitary:

The county's population was 1,158,816 in the 2021 estimate. It borders West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the south, and Cumbria, County Durham and Lancashire to the north and west. The county has a coast to the east on to the North Sea. The two most populated settlements recorded in the 2011 census are Middlesbrough with a population of 174,700, and York with a population of 152,841.[5][6] The most populous settlement in the district, and third most populated overall, is Harrogate at 73,576.[7]

There are five districts in the county, which are all unitary authorities: the North Yorkshire district, the City of York, and the boroughs of Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton-on-Tees. It is located entirely within historic Yorkshire, with land from each of the three ridings of Yorkshire and York which is outside the riding system.[8] North Yorkshire was created in 1974 as part of local government reorganisation and its present boundaries were established upon the abolition of Cleveland in 1996. Until April 2023, the North Yorkshire unitary authority area was administered as a under a two-tier structure of a county council and seven lower-tier districts.[9]

History
See also: History of local government in Yorkshire

North Yorkshire non-metropolitan and ceremonial county was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. It covered most of the North Riding of Yorkshire, as well as northern parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire, northern and eastern East Riding of Yorkshire and the former county borough of York. Northallerton, as the former county town for the North Riding, became North Yorkshire's county town.[10] In 1993 the county was placed wholly within the Yorkshire and the Humber region.

Some areas which were part of the former North Riding were in the county of Cleveland for twenty-two years (from 1974 to 1996) and were placed in the North East region from 1993. On 1 April 1996, these areas (Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton borough south of the River Tees) became part of the ceremonial county as separate unitary authorities. These areas remain within the North East England region.

Also on 1 April 1996, the City of York non-metropolitan district and parts of the non-metropolitan county (Haxby and nearby rural areas) became the City of York unitary authority.[11]

On 1 April 2023, the non-metropolitan county was replaced by a unitary authority. This abolished eight councils and created a new one in the area they covered.[9]

Geography
Rosedale, in the North York Moors

The geology of North Yorkshire is closely reflected in its landscape. Within the county are the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales, two of eleven areas of countryside within England and Wales to be officially designated as national parks. Between the North York Moors in the east and the Pennine Hills in the west lie the Vales of Mowbray and York. The Tees Lowlands lie to the north of the North York Moors and the Vale of Pickering lies to the south. Its eastern border is the North sea coast. The highest point is Whernside, on the Cumbrian border, at 736 metres (2,415 ft).[12]

The two major rivers in the county are the River Swale and the River Ure. The Swale and the Ure form the River Ouse which flows through York and into the Humber Estuary. The River Tees forms part of the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham and flows from upper Teesdale through Stockton-on-Tees and Middlesbrough and to the coast. The River Wharfe forms much of the southern border and also flows into the Ouse within the county.

Green belt
Further information: South and West Yorkshire Green Belt and York Green Belt

North Yorkshire contains a small section of green belt in the south of the county, just north of Ilkley and Otley along the North and West Yorkshire borders. It extends to the east to cover small communities such as Huby, Kirkby Overblow, and Follifoot before covering the gap between the towns of Harrogate and Knaresborough, helping to keep those towns separate.

The belt adjoins the southernmost part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and the Nidderdale AONB. It extends into the western area of Selby district, reaching as far as Tadcaster and Balne. The belt was first drawn up from the 1950s.

The city of York has an independent surrounding belt area affording protections to several outlying settlements such as Haxby and Dunnington, and it too extends into the surrounding districts.

Climate

North Yorkshire has a temperate oceanic climate, like most of the UK. There are large climate variations within the county. The upper Pennines border on a Subarctic climate. The Vale of Mowbray has an almost Semi-arid climate. Overall, with the county being situated in the east, it receives below-average rainfall for the UK. Inside North Yorkshire, the upper Dales of the Pennines are one of the wettest parts of England, where in contrast the driest parts of the Vale of Mowbray are some of the driest areas in the UK.[13]

Summer temperatures are above average, at 22 °C. Highs can regularly reach up to 28 °C, with over 30 °C reached in heat waves. Winter temperatures are below average, with average lows of 1 °C. Snow and Fog can be expected depending on location. The North York Moors and Pennines have snow lying for an average of between 45 and 75 days per year.[14] Sunshine is most plentiful on the coast, receiving an average of 1.650 hours a year. It reduces further west in the county, with the Pennines receiving 1,250 hours a year.

Climate data for North Yorkshire
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15
(59)		 17
(63)		 21
(70)		 24
(75)		 29
(84)		 32
(90)		 34
(93)		 33
(91)		 29
(84)		 28
(82)		 19
(66)		 16
(61)		 34
(93)
Average high °C (°F) 6
(43)		 7
(45)		 10
(50)		 13
(55)		 16
(61)		 19
(66)		 22
(72)		 22
(72)		 18
(64)		 14
(57)		 10
(50)		 7
(45)		 14
(57)
Average low °C (°F) 1
(34)		 1
(34)		 2
(36)		 4
(39)		 7
(45)		 10
(50)		 12
(54)		 12
(54)		 10
(50)		 7
(45)		 4
(39)		 1
(34)		 6
(43)
Record low °C (°F) −14
(7)		 −10
(14)		 −13
(9)		 −3
(27)		 −1
(30)		 2
(36)		 5
(41)		 4
(39)		 −1
(30)		 −7
(19)		 −14
(7)		 −19
(−2)		 −19
(−2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 40
(1.6)		 35
(1.4)		 43
(1.7)		 46
(1.8)		 42
(1.7)		 47
(1.9)		 51
(2.0)		 59
(2.3)		 53
(2.1)		 62
(2.4)		 56
(2.2)		 59
(2.3)		 593
(23.3)
Source: [15][16]

Governance

Local authorities
# Local authority 2011 census
– Ceremonial county 1,125,547
1 North Yorkshire 598,376
2 York 198,051[17]
3 Middlesbrough 138,412[18]
4 Redcar and Cleveland 135,177[19]
5 Stockton-on-Tees
(south Tees)		 55,531[20]

North Yorkshire district
Main article: North Yorkshire (district)
County Hall, Northallerton

The district excludes the City of York and boroughs of Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockon-on-Tees. 90 councillors elect a council leader, who in turn appoints up to 9 councillors to form an executive cabinet. It is governed from County Hall, Northallerton.[21]

The former non-metropolitan county was a cabinet-style council with 72 councillors.[22] It was governed by a county council and the seven districts of Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.[23]

Other districts
Middlesbrough Town Hall

The other unitary authorities are Middlesbrough Council, Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council, Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council (Uniquely for England, the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees is split between North Yorkshire and County Durham) and the City of York Council.

The latter three are part of the Tees Valley Combined Authority. In August 2022 the government agreed proposals for a devolution deal, which will require the formation of a combined authority comprising the new unitary North Yorkshire Council and the City of York Council, and election of a directly elected mayor for the combined authority. The proposals are subject to a public consultation, and anticpate that elections for the first mayor would take place in May 2024.[24]

Economy

In large areas of North Yorkshire, agriculture is the primary source of employment. Approximately 85% of the county is considered to be "rural or super sparse".[25]

Other sectors in 2019 included some manufacturing, the provision of accommodation and meals (primarily for tourists) which accounted for 19 per cent of all jobs. Food manufacturing employed 11 per cent of workers. A few people are involved in forestry and fishing in 2019. The average weekly earnings in 2018 were £531. Some 15% of workers declared themselves as self-employed. One report in late 2020 stated that "North Yorkshire has a relatively healthy and diverse economy which largely mirrors the national picture in terms of productivity and jobs.[26][27]

The Teesport sea port handled over 53 million tonnes of cargo in 2013
Drax Power Station has the highest generating capacity of any power station in the UK

Mineral extraction and power generation are also sectors of the economy, as is high technology.[28]

Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy. A study of visitors between 2013 and 2015 indicated that the Borough of Scarborough, including Filey, Whitby and parts of the North York Moors National Park, received 1.4m trips per year on average.[29] A 2016 report by the National Park, states the park area gets 7.93 million visitors annually, generating £647 million and supporting 10,900 full-time equivalent jobs.[30]

The Yorkshire Dales have also attracted many visitors. In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The parks service estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy.[31] The North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales are among England's best known destinations.[32]

The Shambles, a popular tourist area in York

York is a popular tourist destination. A 2014 report, based on 2012 data, stated that York alone receives 6.9 million visitors annually; they contribute £564 million to the economy and support over 19,000 jobs.[33] In the 2017 Condé Nast Traveller survey of readers, York rated 12th among The 15 Best Cities in the UK for visitors.[34] In a 2020 Condé Nast Traveller report, York rated as the sixth best among ten "urban destinations [in the UK] that scored the highest marks when it comes to ... nightlife, restaurants and friendliness".[35]

During February 2020 to January 2021, the average property in North Yorkshire county sold for £240,000, up by £8100 over the previous 12 months. By comparison, the average for England and Wales was £314,000.[36] In certain communities of North Yorkshire, however, house prices were higher than average for the county, as of early 2021: Harrogate (average value: £376,195), Knaresborough (£375,625), Tadcaster (£314,278), Leyburn (£309,165) and Ripon (£299,998), for example.[37]

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added for North Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.[38]

YearRegional Gross Value Added[Notes 1]Agriculture[Notes 2]Industry[Notes 3]Services[Notes 4]
19957,2784782,1814,618
20009,5703542,5496,667
200311,6953903,0258,281

Effects of the pandemic

Unemployment in the county was traditionally low in recent years, but the lockdowns and travel restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the economy during much of 2020 and into 2021.[39] The UK government said in early February 2021 that it was planning "unprecedented levels of support to help businesses [in the UK] survive the crisis".[40] A report published on 1 March 2021 stated that the unemployment rate in North Yorkshire had "risen to the highest level in nearly 5 years - with under 25s often bearing the worst of job losses".[41]

York experienced high unemployment during lockdown periods. One analysis (by the York and North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership) predicted in August 2020 that "as many as 13,835 jobs in York will be lost in the scenario considered most likely, taking the city's unemployment rate to 14.5%". Some critics claimed that part of the problem was caused by "over-reliance on the booming tourism industry at the expense of a long-term economic plan".[42] A report in mid June 2020 stated that unemployment had risen 114 per cent over the previous year because of restrictions imposed as a result of the pandemic.[43]

Tourism in the county was expected to increase after the restrictions imposed due the pandemic are relaxed. One reason for the expected increase is the airing of All Creatures Great and Small, a TV series about the vet James Herriot, based on a successful series of books; it was largely filmed within the Yorkshire Dales National Park.[44] The show aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.[45]

Transport

Rail
See also: Station usage in North Yorkshire
York, Harrogate, Middlesbrough
and Scarborough railway station

The East Coast Main Line (ECML) bisects the county stopping at Northallerton,Thirsk and York. Passenger service companies in the area are London North Eastern Railway, Northern Rail, TransPennine Express and Grand Central.

LNER and Grand Central operate services to the capital on the ECML, Leeds Branch Line and the Northallerton–Eaglescliffe Line. LNER stop at York, Northallerton and on to County Durham or spur over to the Tees Valley Line for Thornaby and Middlesbrough. The operator also branch before the county for Leeds and run to Harrogate and Skipton. Grand Central stop at York, Thirsk and Northallerton then over to the Durham Coast Line in County Durham.

Northern operates the remaining lines in the county, including commuter services on the Harrogate Line, Airedale Line and York & Selby Lines, of which the former two are covered by the Metro ticketing area. Remaining branch lines operated by Northern include the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull, York–Scarborough line via Malton, the Hull to York Line via Selby, the Tees Valley Line from Darlington to Saltburn via Middlesbrough and the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Whitby. Last but certainly not least, the Settle-Carlisle Line runs through the west of the county, with services again operated by Northern.

Current and former railway routes in eastern North Yorkshire

The county suffered badly under the Beeching cuts of the 1960s. Places such as Richmond, Ripon, Tadcaster, Helmsley, Pickering and the Wensleydale communities lost their passenger services. Notable lines closed were the Scarborough and Whitby Railway, Malton and Driffield Railway and the secondary main line between Northallerton and Harrogate via Ripon.

Heritage railways within North Yorkshire include: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, between Pickering and Grosmont, which opened in 1973; the Derwent Valley Light Railway near York; and the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. The Wensleydale Railway, which started operating in 2003, runs services between Leeming Bar and Redmire along a former freight-only line. The medium-term aim is to operate into Northallerton station on the ECML, once an agreement can be reached with Network Rail. In the longer term, the aim is to reinstate the full line west via Hawes to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle line.

York railway station is the largest station in the county, with 11 platforms and is a major tourist attraction in its own right. The station is immediately adjacent to the National Railway Museum.

Road
A1(M) passing by Dishforth

The main road through the county is the north–south A1(M), which has gradually been upgraded in sections to motorway status since the early 1990s. The only other motorways within the county are the short A66(M) near Darlington and a small stretch of the M62 motorway close to Eggborough.[23] The other nationally maintained trunk routes are the A168/A19, A64, A66 and A174.

Coach and bus

Long-distance coach services are operated by National Express and Megabus. Local bus service operators include Arriva Yorkshire, Harrogate Bus Company, Scarborough & District (East Yorkshire), Yorkshire Coastliner, First York and the local Dales & District.

Air

There are no major airports in the county itself, but nearby airports include Teesside International (Darlington), Newcastle, Doncaster Sheffield and Leeds Bradford.

Settlements

Map
The 19 largest settlements of North Yorkshire, along with Malton. Cities and county town (Northallerton) in bold, district centres in yellow.

Settlements and parishes
See also: List of civil parishes in North Yorkshire and Middlesbrough
# Place Population
(2011)		 Local authority Defined as
1 Middlesbrough 174,700[lower-alpha 1] Middlesbrough Town
2 York 152,841[lower-alpha 2] City of York City
3 Harrogate 73,576[lower-alpha 3] North Yorkshire Town
4 Scarborough 38,715[lower-alpha 4] North Yorkshire Town
5 Redcar 37,073[lower-alpha 5] Redcar and Cleveland Town
6 Thornaby-on-Tees 24,741[lower-alpha 6] Stockton-on-Tees (south) Town
7 Ingleby Barwick 20,378[54] Stockton-on-Tees (south) Town
8 Saltburn, Marske and New Marske 19,134[55] Redcar and Cleveland Civil Parish
9 Guisborough 17,777[56] Redcar and Cleveland Town
10 Ripon 16,702[57] North Yorkshire City
11 Knaresborough 15,441[58] North Yorkshire Town
12 Selby 14,731[59] North Yorkshire Town
13 Skipton 14,623[60] North Yorkshire Town
14 Whitby 13,213[61] North Yorkshire Town
15 Skelton and Brotton 12,848[62] Redcar and Cleveland Civil Parish
16 Northallerton 10,655[lower-alpha 7] North Yorkshire Town
17 Haxby 8,428[64] City of York Town
18 Richmond 8,413[65] North Yorkshire Town
19 Yarm-on-Tees 8,384[66] Stockton-on-Tees (south) Town
20 Loftus 7,988[67] Redcar and Cleveland Town
  1. Based on its built-up area subdivision; including areas outside the council area.[5]
  2. Based on its built-up area, excluding outlying towns and villages within the council area.[6]
  3. Unparished built-up area subdivision accurately corresponds to town boundaries; no outlying areas.[7]
  4. No population count measured the town independently at the 2011 census. Including parishes equates to 61,749, excluding outlying parishes of Eastfield,[46] Osgodby,[47] Cayton,[48] Newby, Scalby[49] and part of Seamer.[50] equates to total.
    (approximate)
    [51]
  5. Unparished built-up area subdivision accurately corresponds to town boundaries; no outlying areas.[52]
  6. Built-up area subdivision accurately corresponds to town boundaries; no outlying areas.[53]
  7. County town[63]

They are also multiple smaller settlements of North Yorkshire:

Education
See also: List of schools in North Yorkshire

North Yorkshire LEA has a mostly comprehensive education system with 42 state schools secondary (not including sixth form colleges) and 12 independent schools.

Places of interest
Castle Howard
Bolton Abbey
National Railway Museum
Knaresborough
Key
Abbey/Priory/Cathedral
Accessible open spaceAccessible open space
Amusement/Theme Park
Castle
Country ParkCountry Park
English Heritage
Forestry Commission
Heritage railwayHeritage railway
Historic houseHistoric House
Places of WorshipPlaces of Worship
Museum (free)
Museum		Museum (free/not free)
National TrustNational Trust
Theatre
Zoo

News and media

The county is served by BBC Yorkshire and BBC North East and Cumbria. Along the county's coast, Scarborough and Filey receive BBC Yorkshire and Whitby receives BBC North East and Cumbria.

ITV Yorkshire and ITV Tyne Tees are also received in most areas of the county, Settle and furthest western part of the county is served by BBC North West and ITV Granada. BBC Radio Tees is broadcast to northern parts of the county, whilst BBC Radio York is broadcast more widely. BBC Radio Leeds broadcasts to southern parts of the county.

Sport

Cricket

Yorkshire County Cricket Club play a number of fixtures at North Marine Road, Scarborough and some 2nd XI games in Richmond. The ball game Rock-It-Ball was developed in the county.

Association football
Middlesbrough vs West Ham in FA Cup semi-final 2006

North Yorkshire has a number of association football clubs, including:

Middlesbrough are currently the highest-ranked team in the county as they play in the EFL Championship. In the past, they have won the EFL Cup and reached the UEFA Cup final. Harrogate Town play in the EFL League Two. York City play in the National League. Scarborough Athletic, a phoenix club of Scarborough, play in the National League North. Whitby Town have reached the FA Cup first round seven times and have played the likes of Hull City, Wigan Athletic and Plymouth Argyle; they currently play in the Northern Premier League Premier Division.

Rugby football
Scarborough ground
Rugby Union Teams 2022-23
League Team Venue Capacity Location
National League 2 North Harrogate Rudding Lane Harrogate
Wharfedale The Avenue 2,000 Threshfield
Regional 1 North East York Clifton Park York, North Yorkshire
Regional 2 North East Malton & Norton The Gannock Malton
Scarborough Silver Royd 4,500 (425 seats) Scalby, Scarborough
Selby Sandhill Lane Selby
Regional 2 North Middlesbrough Acklam Park 5,000 (159 seats) Acklam, Middlesbrough

The leading rugby union teams in the county include Wharfedale RUFC, Harrogate RUFC, but teams also include Middlesbrough RUFC and Acklam RUFC who play their league games in Regional 2 North, a corresponding league of the same level hosting teams from Teesside, County Durham and Northumberland. York City Knights, previously known as York F.C., are a rugby league team who play in the Rugby League Championships.

Racing
York Racecourse

North Yorkshire has multiple racecourses at: Catterick Bridge, Redcar, Ripon, Thirsk and York. It also has one motor racing circuit, Croft Circuit; the circuit holds meetings of the British Touring Car Championship, British Superbike and Pickup Truck Racing race series and one Motorcycle Racing Circuit at Oliver's Mount, Scarborough.

See also

Notes
  1. Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  2. includes hunting and forestry
  3. includes energy and construction
  4. includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

References
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  53. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Thornaby-on-Tees Built-up area sub division) (E35001481)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  54. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Ingleby Barwick Parish (E04000275)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  55. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Saltburn, Marske and New Marske Parish (E04000266)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  56. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Guisborough Parish (E04000263)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  57. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Ripon Parish (E04007409)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  58. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Knaresborough Parish (E04007372)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  59. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Selby Parish (E04007765)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  60. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Skipton Parish (E04007117)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  61. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Whitby Parish (E04007706)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  62. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Skelton and Brotton Parish (E04000267)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  63. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Northallerton Parish (E04007234)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  64. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Haxby Parish (E04000603)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  65. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Richmond Parish (E04007520)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  66. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Yarm Parish (E04012074)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  67. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Loftus Parish (E04000265)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
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