Crime in Pakistan

Crime in Pakistan is present in various forms and occurs everywhere, especially in the many major cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Peshawar, Multan, Hyderabad, Islamabad and Quetta.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Among other general crimes, it includes major crimes such as murder, rape, gang rape, sexual abuse of a minor, kidnapping, armed robbery, burglary and carjacking.[9] For example, in the city of Lahore 379 murders, 500 attempted murders, 2,650 abductions and 55 rapes have occurred in 2019.[9]

Police vehicles in the streets of Pakistan.

Organised crime
Main article: Organised crime in Pakistan

Organised crime in Pakistan includes fraud, racketeering, drug trafficking, smuggling, money laundering, extortion, ransom, political violence, etc. Terrorist attacks became common during the 2000s, especially in North-West Frontier Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Balochistan, Karachi and Lahore. Vehicle theft is common, particularly in the large cities.[9]

Opium production
See also: Drug addiction in Pakistan

Pakistan falls under the Golden Crescent,[10] which is one of the two major illicit opium producing centres in Asia.[11] Opium poppy cultivation in Pakistan is estimated to be 800 hectares in 2005 yielding a potential production of 4 metric tons of heroin.[12] Opium has been historically cultivated primarily in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in the areas near to the border with Afghanistan.[10] Until the late 1970s, opium production levels were relatively static; it increased after 1979.[10] An estimated $4 billion is generated from drug trafficking in Pakistan.[13]

Crimes against women
See also: Domestic violence in Pakistan
This section is an excerpt from Violence against women in Pakistan.[edit]
Part of a series on
Violence against women
Killing
Sexual assault and rape
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Violence against women, particularly intimate partner violence and sexual violence, is a major public health problem and a violation of women's human rights in Pakistan.[14] Violence against women in Pakistan is part of an issue that faces the entire region the country is situated in.[15] Pakistan is a highly patriarchal society, and took a long time to enact laws for the protection of women. In the 2019 Women, Peace and Security Index, Pakistan ranked 164 out of 167 countries.[16] Pakistan is worst among nine South Asian countries on access to mobile phones, financial inclusion, and discriminatory norms for women. Around 12.2 million girls, compared with 10.6 million boys, remain out of school in Pakistan, poverty compounding challenges to girls' educational opportunities.[17] The only positive to take from the Index was Pakistan's achievement of 20 per cent representation for women in parliament and a slightly better indicator than India on bias towards sons.[16] In 2017 there were an estimated 746 honour crimes, 24 stove burnings, 18 cases of settlement marriages.[18] Many cases go unreported, and many of these reported cases go unprosecuted. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system in 2017 has been hailed as a success in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Legal experts are critical of the system, noting that ADR can delay action. Many remain concerned with patriarchal influence in a decision-making process that has traditionally disadvantaged women. In 2019, the Ombudsman for Sindh province informed the Supreme Court that out of 350 cases, action was taken in just eight cases. The largest province, Punjab, has received 116 complaints since the establishment of the office in 2013, resulted in 42 convictions, 15 acquittals, 27 withdrawals, and 24 still ongoing cases. It also reviewed 13 appeals.[18] Four decisions were set aside, five decisions upheld, two cases were declared time-barred, while two remain ongoing. Women in Pakistan mainly encounter violence by being forced into marriage, through workplace sexual harassment, domestic violence and by honour killings.[15]

A survey carried out by the Thomson Reuters Foundation ranked Pakistan as the sixth most dangerous country in the world for women.[19]

Corruption and police misconduct
This section is an excerpt from Corruption in Pakistan.[edit]

Corruption in Pakistan is widespread,[20] and extends to every sector from government to judiciary, police, health services and education.[21]

Corruption distorts economic decision-making, deters investment, undermines competitiveness and, ultimately, weakens economic growth of a country that is why the problems are long-standing, and despite ongoing calls for reform, and many attempts to improve the situation, there is little evidence of progress.[22][23] The former government of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (Pakistan Justice Movement), led by cricketer turned politician Imran Khan, vowed to uproot corruption from all sectors. However, there is little success in bringing accountability across the board.[24] The promise to build a welfare state on the principle of Riasat-e-Madina (state of Madina) has been enshrined by recent government but there is little success on practical grounds.[25]

See also

References
  1. "Lahore police fugding figures big time to hide high crime rate". Dawn News. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  2. "CRIME STATISTICS". Punjab Police: Statistical Officer (Investigation Branch). Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  3. "Crime Statistics for Sindh Province". Sindh Police. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  4. "Crime Statistics". Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  5. "Crime Statistics". Balochistan Police. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  6. "2019 witnessed no lesser crime rate in Islamabad". The Nation (Pakistani newspaper). 2 January 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  7. "Crime goes up in Rawalpindi". Dawn News. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  8. "Crimes Reported by Type and Provinces" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS). Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  9. "Pakistan 2020 Crime & Safety Report: Lahore". OSAC. 17 April 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  10. Veena Kukreja (2003). Contemporary Pakistan: Political Processes, Conflicts, and Crises. SAGE. p. 193. ISBN 0-7619-9683-4.
  11. P. J. Alexander (2002). Policing India in the New Millennium. Allied Publishers. p. 658. ISBN 81-7764-207-3.
  12. "CIA World Factbook - Pakistan". CIA World Factbook.
  13. "Illegal drug trade in Pakistan-Havocscope Black Markets".
  14. "Violence against women". www.who.int. WHO. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  15. Iftikhar, Rukhsana (2019). "Break the Silence: Pakistani Women Facing Violence". Journal of Political Studies (36): 63 – via Gale Academic OneFile.
  16. "The Women, Peace, and Security Index: A Global Index of Women's Wellbeing". Human Rights Documents Online. doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-0165-20180006. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  17. Cheema, Ahmed Raza; Iqbal, Mazhar (8 March 2017). "Determinants of Girl's School Enrollment In Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies. 14 (1): 17–35. doi:10.46568/pjgs.v14i1.138. ISSN 2663-8886.
  18. "Crimes against women in Pakistan". Policy Forum. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  19. The world's most dangerous countries for women (2018). Thompson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved March 14th, 2020
  20. Rose-Ackerman (1997, p. 4)
  21. "Corruption Perception Index 2017".
  22. Nishtar (2010), in Ebrahim (2010)
  23. Beyg, Saranjam (7 July 2013). "Tackling corruption". Dawn. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
  24. Farooq, Ghulam Dastageer | Saher Baloch | Umer (3 November 2016). "Pakistan's thriving culture of corruption". Herald Magazine. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  25. "Uprooting Corruption: Lessons from China". Global Village Space. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.

Works cited
  • Ebrahim, Shah (October 2010). "Choking on corruption—reforming Pakistan's health system". The Lancet. 376 (9748): 1213–1214. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61865-X. S2CID 54367053.
  • Nishtar, Sania (2010). Choked pipes : reforming Pakistan's mixed health system. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195479690.
  • Rose-Ackerman, Susan (1997). Corruption and Good Governance. Bureau for Policy and Programme Support. United Nations Development Programme. ISBN 978-92-1-126082-3.


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