Dicerorhinus

Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos)[1]) is a genus of the family Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated in the Mid to Late Pliocene of Northern Indochina and South China.[2] Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere.[3]

Dicerorhinus
Temporal range:
Rapunzel, a Sumatran Rhino in the Bronx Zoo
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Tribe: Dicerorhinini
Genus: Dicerorhinus
Gloger, 1841
Species

Taxonomy

Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:

Transferred to Stephanorhinus[3]

  • Dicerorhinus merckii
  • Dicerorhinus hemitoechus
  • Dicerorhinus etruscus
  • Dicerorhinus yunchuchenensis
  • Dicerorhinus jeanvireti
  • Dicerorhinus choukoutienensis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
  • Dicerorhinus orientalis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
  • Dicerorhinus nipponicus[4]

Transferred to Dihoplus[3]

  • Dicerorhinus megarhinus
  • Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
  • Dicerorhinus ringstroemi

Transferred to Caementodon

  • Dicerorhinus caucasicus[5]

Transferred to Lartetotherium

  • Dicerorhinus sansaniensis

Transferred to Rusingaceros

  • Dicerorhinus leakeyi

Species provisionally considered valid include:

  • †Dicerorhinus fusuiensis[6][7] originally described as Rhinoceros fusuiensis[8] Early Pleistocene, South China.
  • †Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976 Middle Miocene, known from one locality in Cixian County, Hebei Province, China, consisting of a single partial skull and juvenile mandible, notably small in size.[3]
  • †Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008 Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar.[9] Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis.[10]

References
  1. "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
  2. Mays, Herman L.; Hung, Chih-Ming; Shaner, Pei-Jen; Denvir, James; Justice, Megan; Yang, Shang-Fang; Roth, Terri L.; Oehler, David A.; Fan, Jun; Rekulapally, Swanthana; Primerano, Donald A. (January 2018). "Genomic Analysis of Demographic History and Ecological Niche Modeling in the Endangered Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis". Current Biology. 28 (1): 70–76.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.021. PMC 5894340. PMID 29249659.
  3. Tong, Hao-wen (2012). "Evolution of the non-Coelodonta dicerorhine lineage in China". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (8): 555–562. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.002.
  4. Handa, N.; Kohno, N.; Kudo, Y. (2019). "Reappraisal of a middle Pleistocene rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Matsugae Cave, Fukuoka Prefecture, southwestern Japan". Historical Biology. 33 (4): 218–229. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1604699. S2CID 145930245.
  5. Antoine, P. O. (2003). "Middle Miocene elasmotheriine Rhinocerotidae from China and Mongolia: Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships". Zoologica Scripta. 32 (2): 95–118. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00106.x. S2CID 86800130.
  6. Antoine, P.-O.; Reyes, M. C.; Amano, N.; Bautista, A. P.; Chang, C.-H.; Claude, J.; De Vos, J.; Ingicco, T. (2021). "A new rhinoceros clade from the Pleistocene of Asia sheds light on mammal dispersals to the Philippines". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (2): 416–430. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab009.
  7. Pandolfi, Luca (2023-01-19). "Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae". Journal of Quaternary Science: jqs.3496. doi:10.1002/jqs.3496. ISSN 0267-8179.
  8. Yan, Yaling; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Changzhu; Mead, Jim I. (December 2014). "New remains of Rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) associated with Gigantopithecus blacki from the Early Pleistocene Yanliang Cave, Fusui, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 110–121. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.004.
  9. Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; Takai, Masanaru; Tsubamoto, Takehisa; Thaung-Htike; Egi, Naoko; Maung-Maung (November 2008). "A NEW SPECIES OF DICERORHINUS (RHINOCEROTIDAE) FROM THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE OF MYANMAR". Palaeontology. 51 (6): 1419–1433. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00813.x.
  10. Chen, Shaokun; Pang, Libo; Yan, Yaling; Wei, Guangbiao; Yue, Zongying (August 2021). "First Discovery of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from Yanjinggou Provides Insights into the Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae of South China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 95 (4): 1065–1072. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14719. ISSN 1000-9515.
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