Didwana

There is no compiled history of Didwana, but the excavation done here has shown that this is a lower Paleolithic culture site so the activities of one of the earliest ancestors of mankind have taken place here. Two sandy mounds 700 meters wide and 300 meters wide have been witness to human development in the flow of Bangal Canal near the city. Geophysicist Prof. V.N. of Deccan College, Pune. Mishra and SN Rajguru excavated here in the 1980s. He found around 1300 artifacts including small tools, large cutting tools such as chaperos, polyhandros, sparoids. His radio dating age is estimated at 7 lakh 97 thousand years. The Archaeological Survey of India has named these mounds 16R. The Archaeological Survey of India will conserve these earthen mounds for the first time in its history. Cleary Gaylard of the Prehistoric Department of the National Natural History Museum, Paris, and his colleagues conducted research on 16R.

The history of Didwana is said to be about 2000 years old based on inscriptions. According to an inscription, between 43 AD to 255 AD, a city was established in the name of "Abhanagri", which was under the Kushan Empire, 3 km east of the present city. In the course of time, this city was destroyed by the attacks of the Kshatrapas. According to another inscription, Nagabhatta II donated 1/6 of the Didwana region to a Brahmin in 843 AD in the ninth century. Dedushah, son of Prime Minister Sesharam of the same region, resettled the city at the present place under the name Deduvanak, which was later called Didwana. After this, its rule passed to the Pratiharas of Mandore. The statue of Pratihara Kalin Narayan was received from Didwana which is currently kept in Jodhpur Museum.

During this time, Didwana also became the center of Jainism and Hinduism, but due to the Muslim invasions, the ancient temples were destroyed here. Even today, in the old city, there are pieces and sculptures of temples found in the excavation. In the tenth century, the Jain monk, Jineshwar Suri, composed the story in Didwana. Renowned Jain scholar Sridatta Suri traveled to Didwana and preached to Yashobhadra, the ruler here. Yashobhadra constructed a huge Jain temple named Chaubisa Himalaya in Didwana which was in existence till 1184 AD, Somprabhacharya mentions this district in 1184 AD. Jain statues found in the excavation are proof of this. Didwana is also mentioned in the Sakalatirtha Mala, composed by Siddhasen Suri in the twelfth century.

After the Battle of Tarain, this area passed into the hands of Muhammad Ghori, after him Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish and Razia Sultan . Didwana was also captured by the kings of Gujarat for salt. Maharana Kumbha of chittorgarh conquered it and imposed a tax on salt which is mentioned in the inscription of Kirti Stambha. The Mughals established their police stations here. During this time, the Mughals built mosques here. Rao Maldeo of Jodhpur conferred the Jagiri of Didwana to his commander Rao Kumpa. Kumpa fought a battle with Sher Shah Suri here. From the hands of the Mughals, it again went under the state of Jodhpur. In 1708 AD, Didwana was also ruled jointly by the state of Jodhpur and Jaipur2011. . After this, the Nawab of Jhunjhunu also subjected Didwana to his princely state. The Marathas also attacked Didwana and Daulatpura and captured them. In the middle of the 18th century, the King of Jodhpur, Maharaja Bakhat Singh merged it into the princely state of Marwar. After this, Didwana remained the pargana of the state of Jodhpur, under which Ladnun, Badi Beri, Nahwa, Leli and Tosina Jagiri were located. After independence, the state of Jodhpur merged with Rajasthan in 19502011. and became the present form of Nagaur district in which Didwana was included.

Didwana has been a major trading center in the medieval Mughal Empire due to the famous salt lake here, from which salt has been prepared and sent all over India. A number of battles were brought between the emperors of Gujarat and the rulers of Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaipur, over the rights to this lake. Maharana Kumbha of Chittorgarh levied a tax on salt, which is mentioned in the inscription of the Kirti Pillar, it is the second important and big lake after Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan which covers an area of ten square kilometers. Didwana was a pargana (district) of the princely state of Marwar (Jodhpur) before independence, which was later annexed into Nagaur district after independence. Located on the eastern border of Jodhpur state, this city has also been the confluence site of Marwar, Shekhawati and Bikaner princely states. This is the reason why there is a mixed influence of the three princely states on the language, customs, etc. of the residents here.

It is also said to be origin center of the Niranjani community and Maheshwari community and the hometown of the country's famous industrialist Bangur family. This Didwana is very ancient, which is said to have been in existence for almost two thousand years, but human activities have been going on for millions of years, the evidence of which is the tools found in excavation by archaeological department. On the basis of a historical inscription, this city was established by the name of Abhanagari in the east direction from the present city in 43 CE, which was under the Kushan Empire. According to local legends, the rulers of the Kshatrap kingdom were destroyed due to the invasions and Didushah, the son of Sesharam Maheshwari, the prime minister of this city, established Didwana Nagar at its present place. Didushah was also known as Diduvanak and which later degenerated into the name of Didwana.

Nowadays Didwana is a well-known town of Nagaur/Rajasthan. Many people of Didwana and nearby places are well settled elsewhere in India and hold important positions or are famous industrialists. And also owns technology startups, business investment and funding firm. The famous Maheshwari billionaire business family Bangur hails from Didwana.2011.

The Shree Shyam Maharaj Ji Ka Mandir is famous since 400 years old.2011. Further it is also known for two famous old maths based on the Ramanuja Sampradaya, namely, the Jahlaria Math headed by Sri Sri 1008 Swami Ghanshyamacharyaji Maharaj and The Nagoria Math headed by Sri Sri 1008 Swami Vishnu prapannacharyaji Maharaj. The city is historically known for Fort Mosque (Qila Mosque) built by Emperor Akbar in the memory of Sufi Saint.

Didwana is also known for health care facilities, some accredited hospitals like Banger Hospital, Station road, Omax hospital, Godara Market deliver good healthcare services in Rajasthan. Omax group of hospitals started from this city. Its channel found all over Rajasthan. it is an Ayurveda base hospital. People comes from other state to get treatment of asthma, infertility, renal stone, de-addiction. But from 2017 famous Dr Sanskar Upadhyay founder of this group of hospitals now giving services under government of rajasthan namely government Banger Hospital. He is treating patients with agnikarma and ancient ayurveda medicine,in government Banger Hospital many patients of other state comes and getting treatment.

The city has a Hindu culture, tradition and philosophy and the Maths are a must-visit for all the Baas and basinies. As the surrounding areas of town, the Mathura Das Ji Ka Jaav, the well built by the Maharaja of Jodhpur in the 12th century, in Gaadha baas, inside the well at 107 feet below surface level is a secret chamber deep inside the well where it is said that the hero of the first Indian rebellion, Vijay Singh Pathik, had stayed inside the well's chamber. The property is under the prestigious Pareek family from past 450 Years and is a very good example of ancient Rajasthani architecture.

The temples of these maths are generally regarded to be very beautiful, though they may not be as big as other temples but they are regarded very highly by the Hindu community.

The town is famous for its VED Vidhalya where Brahmin students are taught about Veda, dharma and other aspects of the Hindu religion.

Didwana is located at 27.4°N 74.57°E / 27.4; 74.57.[1] It has an average elevation of 336 metres (1102 feet). City divided in 40 Wards. It is an important station of Jodhpur-Delhi Broad gauge rail route of North West Railway Jodhpur division.

Didwana City is an additional district headquarters near the north-eastern border of Nagaur district of Rajasthan. The city is located 160 km from Jaipur, 237 from Jodhpur, 180 from Bikaner, 150 from Ajmer, 95 from Nagaur, 360 km from Delhi. It is in the west of the Aravalli ranges and in the eastern part of the Thar Desert with semi-arid and warm climate. In the south-west of the city, there is a hill, symbolizing the residual of Aravali, called Tikhali Dungri and Pir Pahari. The climate of the city is very hot and summer. The average temperature here is 28 to 48 degrees in summer and 3 to 23 degrees in winter. Apart from the short-term southwest monsoon, humidity is very low here. It receives an average of 33 cm of rainfall during the rainy season.

As of 2011 India census,[2] Didwana is Tehsil in Rajasthan state, As per the 2021 Aadhar estimates, Didwana Tehsil population in 2021 is 492,284. According to 2011 census of India, Total Didwana population is 397,003 people are living in this Tehsil, of which 202,303 are male and 194,700 are female. Population of Didwana in 2020 is 476,404 Literate people are 226,426 out of 139,916 are male and 86,510 are female. Total workers are 155,998 depends on multi skills out of which 97,012 are men and 58,986 are women. Total 43,918 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 29,277 are cultivated by men and 14,641 are women. 9,932 people works in agricultural land as a labour in Didwana, men are 7,430 and 2,502 are women. Didwana has an average literacy rate of 62%, more than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 54%. In Didwana, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

• Chetan Dudi - Politician
• Pt. Bachchhraj Vyas
• Mathuradas Mathur
• Guman Mal Lodha
• Mugneeram Bangur