Dubok (camouflage)

The Dubok was seen with Russian spetsnaz forces deployed in 1992 during the Transnistria War as "peacekeepers".[7]

The pattern was seen with officers while privates and other soldiers were using the VSR-93.[8]

Then-president Leonid Kuchma said in July 1993 that the Ukrainian military would receive new camouflage uniforms, but it was never issued.[9] Duboks in Ukrainian service were replaced by digital camouflage in 2014.[10] At the time, it was reported that Ukraine obtained Dubok fabric from Belarusian and Chinese producers.[11]

The Dubok was last used by Ukrainian troops in 2014 during the Donbass War, which was replaced by the MM14.[1]

Belarus formerly used a clone of the Ukrainian Dubok desert variant.[13]

Croatia used Soviet-era dubok as basis for clones made during the Croatian War of Independence.[14]

Estonia made their versions of the TTsKO after it gained independence with inconsistent green colors.[15]

Moldova used Ukrainian-made duboks, but with whorl-based shapes on the pattern.[16]

A desert variant was developed based on the Ukrainian version of the Dubok.[17][18]

•  Donetsk People's Republic
•  Luhansk People's Republic

•  Armenia: Formerly used by Armenian border guard forces.[19]
•  Azerbaijan: Used by Azeri border guard in the 1990s after the fall of the USSR.[20]
•  Belarus: Known to be used by Belarusian airborne and special forces units.[21] Ukrainian desert variant used in 2003-2004 with Belarusian soldiers in peacekeeping missions in desert scenarios.[13]
•  Croatia: Croatian clones of Soviet-era duboks used in the Croatian war of independence in 1991.[14]
•  Estonia: Formerly used by Estonian military and border guard forces.[15] Some uniforms were based on local TTsKO camouflage.[15]
•  Kyrgyzstan: Used by Kyrgyz military in the 1990s.[22]
•  Moldova: Moldovan troops used a variant of the Soviet-era TTsKo from 1991 to 1995.[16]
•  Russia: Adopted in 1991.[23] Replaced later on by the VSR/Dubok in 1991 for specialist units in the Russian military before the rest of the military and the MVD received the pattern in 1994.
•  Serbian Krajina: Kninjas paramilitary forces used one piece coverall uniforms made from M82-based TTsKo.[24]
•  Soviet Union: Until dissolution in 1991, passed onto successor states.
•  Ukraine: Used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[25][3][26] Replaced from service with the MM14.[1]

• Galeotti, Mark (2015). Spetsnaz: Russia's Special Forces. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472807229.
• Greentree, David (2023). Soviet Naval Infantry 1917–91. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472851628.
• Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.