International Olympiad in Informatics

The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is an annual competitive programming and one of the International Science Olympiads for secondary school students. It is the second largest science olympiad, after International Mathematical Olympiad, in terms of number of participating countries (88 at IOI 2022). The first IOI was held in 1989 in Pravetz, Bulgaria.

The logo of the International Olympiad in Informatics

The contest consists of two days of computer programming/coding and problem-solving of algorithmic nature. To deal with problems involving very large amounts of data, it is necessary to have not only programmers, "but also creative coders, who can dream up what it is that the programmers need to tell the computer to do. The hard part isn't the programming, but the mathematics underneath it."[1] Students at the IOI compete on an individual basis, with up to four students competing from each participating country (with 81 countries in 2012). Students in the national teams are selected through national computing contests, such as the British Informatics Olympiad, Indian Computing Olympiad, Romanian Olympiad in Informatics, or Bundeswettbewerb Informatik (Germany).

The International Olympiad in Informatics is one of the most prestigious computer science competitions in the world. UNESCO and IFIP are patrons.

Competition structure and participation

On each of the two competition days, the students are typically given three problems which they have to solve in five hours. Each student works on his/her own, with only a computer and no other help allowed, specifically no communication with other contestants, books etc. Usually to solve a task the contestant has to write a computer program (only in C++) and submit it before the five-hour competition time ends. The program is graded by being run with secret test data. From IOI 2010, tasks are divided into subtasks with graduated difficulty, and points are awarded only when all tests for a particular subtask yield correct results, within specific time and memory limits. In some cases, the contestant's program has to interact with a secret computer library, which allows problems where the input is not fixed, but depends on the program's actions – for example in game problems. Another type of problem has known inputs which are publicly available already during the five hours of the contest. For these, the contestants have to submit an output file instead of a program, and it is up to them whether they obtain the output files by writing a program (possibly exploiting special characteristics of the input), or by hand, or by a combination of these means. Pascal has been removed as an available programming language as of 2019.[2]:11

IOI 2010 for the first time had a live web scoreboard with real-time provisional results. Submissions will be scored as soon as possible during the contest, and the results posted. Contestants will be aware of their scores, but not others', and may resubmit to improve their scores. Starting from 2012, IOI has been using the Contest Management System (CMS) for developing and monitoring the contest.

The scores from the two competition days and all problems are summed up separately for each contestant. At the awarding ceremony, contestants are awarded medals depending on their relative total score. The top 50% of the contestants are awarded medals, such that the relative number of gold : silver : bronze : no medal is approximately 1:2:3:6 (thus 1/12 of the contestants get a gold medal).

The competition room at the IOI 2006
Front
Back
A bronze medal from IOI 2006 in Mexico
In front of the competition room at the IOI 2007

Prior to IOI 2010, students who did not receive medals did not have their scores published, making it impossible for a country to be ranked by adding together scores of its competitors unless each wins a medal. From IOI 2010, although the scores of students who did not receive medals are still not available in the official results, they are known from the live web scoreboard. In IOI 2012 the top 3 nations ranked by aggregate score (Russia, China and USA) were subsequently awarded during the closing ceremony.

Analysis of female performance shows 77.9% of women obtain no medal, while 49.2% of men obtain no medal. "The average female participation was 4.4% in 1989–1994 and 2.2% in 1996–2014." It also suggests much higher participation of women on the national level, claiming sometimes double-digit percentages in total participation on the first stage.[3] President of the IOI, Richard Forster, says the competition has difficulty attracting women and that in spite of trying to solve it, "none of us have hit on quite what the problem is, let alone the solution."[1]

In IOI 2017 held in Iran, due to not being able to participate in Iran, the Israeli students participated in an offsite competition organized by IOI in Russia.[2]:11 Due to visa issues, the full USA team was unable to attend, although one contestant Zhezheng Luo[4] was able to attend by traveling with the Chinese team[5] and winning gold medal and 3rd place in standings.[6]

In IOI 2019 held in Azerbaijan, the Armenia team did not participate due to the dispute between the two countries, despite the guarantees provided[7] and official invitation letter sent by the host Azerbaijan.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, both the IOI 2020 and IOI 2021, originally scheduled to be hosted by Singapore, were held as online contests. The IOI 2022, hosted by Indonesia, was held as a hybrid event, with around 25% of the contestants participating online.[8]

Summary
NumberYearDatesHost countryHost cityTop-ranked countryWebsite
11989May 16–19Bulgaria BulgariaPravetz Bulgaria[9]
21990July 15–21Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Belarus, Soviet UnionMinsk Soviet Union[10]
31991May 19–25Greece GreeceAthens China[11]
41992July 11–21Germany GermanyBonn China[12]
51993October 16–25Argentina ArgentinaMendoza Romania
 Slovakia[13]
61994July 3–10Sweden SwedenHaninge Russia[14]
71995June 26 – July 3Netherlands NetherlandsEindhoven Czech Republic[15]
81996July 25 – August 2Hungary HungaryVeszprém China[16]
91997November 30 – December 7South Africa South AfricaCape Town Denmark[17]
101998September 5–12Portugal PortugalSetúbal Slovakia[18]
111999October 9–16Turkey TurkeyAntalya-Belek Vietnam[19]
122000September 23–30China ChinaBeijing Russia[20]
132001July 14–21Finland FinlandTampere Singapore
 Slovakia[21]
142002August 18–25South Korea Korea Rep.Yong-In China[22]
152003August 16–23United States United StatesKenosha, Wisconsin South Korea
 Romania
 Sweden
 United States[23]
162004September 11–18Greece GreeceAthens China
 Russia[24]
172005August 18–25Poland PolandNowy Sącz China
 Slovakia
 United States[25]
182006August 13–20Mexico MexicoMérida, Yucatán China[26]
192007August 15–22Croatia CroatiaZagreb China[27]
202008August 16–23Egypt EgyptCairo China
 Poland[28]
212009August 8–15Bulgaria BulgariaPlovdiv China[29]
222010August 14–21Canada CanadaWaterloo, Ontario United States[30]
232011July 22–29Thailand ThailandPattaya China
 Taiwan
 United States[31]
242012September 23–30Italy ItalySirmione and Montichiari China
 Russia[32]
252013July 6–13Australia AustraliaBrisbane China[33]
262014July 13–20Taiwan TaiwanTaipei China
 United States[34]
272015July 26 – August 2Kazakhstan KazakhstanAlmaty China
 Russia
 South Korea
 United States[35]
282016August 12–19Russia RussiaKazan China
 Russia
 United States[36]
292017July 28 – August 4Iran IranTehran Japan[37][38]
302018September 1–8 Japan JapanTsukuba China[39][40]
312019August 4–11Azerbaijan AzerbaijanBaku Russia[41][42]
322020September 13–19aSingapore Singaporeonline China[43][44]
332021June 20–27Singapore Singaporeonline China[45][46]
342022August 7–15Indonesia IndonesiaYogyakarta China
 Japan[47]		[48]
352023August 28 – September 4Hungary HungarySzeged[49]
362024September 1–8Egypt EgyptAlexandria[50]
372025Bolivia Bolivia

All Time Medal Table
As of 2022
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)962712135
2 Russia (RUS)684012120
3 United States (USA)613816115
4 South Korea (KOR)464528119
5 Poland (POL)414933123
6 Romania (ROM)335535123
7 Japan (JPN)31281069
8 Iran (IRN)306223115
9 Bulgaria (BUL)275141119
10 Slovakia (SVK)254434103
Totals (10 entries)4584392441141

Multiple IOI winners

The following is a list of the top performers in the history of the IOI.[51] The P sign indicates a perfect score, a rare achievement in IOI history. The U sign indicates an unofficial participation, where a contestant participated in a host's second team. Also, first (I), second (II) and third (III) places among gold medalists are indicated where appropriate. This list includes only those countries where the national selection contest allows the same participant to go multiple times to the IOI.

NameTeamYears
Gennady KorotkevichBelarusG(II) 2012GP(I) 2011G(I) 2010G(I) 2009G 2008G 2007S 2006
Zixiang Zhou Canada G 2022 G 2021 G 2020 G(III) 2019 S 2018
Hristo Venev Bulgaria G 2016 G 2015 G 2014 G 2013 S 2012
Filip WolskiPolandG(I) 2006G 2005G 2004G 2003
Yuta TakayaJapanG(I) 2017G 2016G 2015G 2014
Rares-Darius BuhaiRomaniaG 2015G 2014G 2013G 2012
Rumen HristovBulgariaG 2012G 2011G(II) 2010S 2009S 2008
Martin PettaiEstoniaG 2002G 2001G 2000S 1999
Andrzej Gąsienica-SamekPolandG 1999G 1998G 1997S 1996
Eduard BatmendijnSlovakiaG 2015G 2013G 2012S 2014
Nikoloz BirkadzeGeorgiaG 2020G 2019G 2018S 2017
Vladimir MartianovRussiaG 1999GP(I) 1998G(I) 1997
Scott WuUnited StatesGP(I) 2014G 2013G 2012
Martin MarešCzech RepublicG 1995G 1994G(I) 1993
John PardonUnited StatesG 2007G 2006G 2005
Marcin AndrychowiczPolandG 2008G 2007G 2006
Neal WuUnited StatesG 2010G 2009G 2008
Shogo MuraiJapanG 2012G 2011G 2010
Jarosław KwiecieńPolandG 2016G 2015G 2014
Vladimir RomanovRussiaG 2019G 2018G 2017
Encho Mishinev Bulgaria G 2017 G 2014 S 2016 S 2015 S 2013
Alex SchwendnerUnited StatesG 2005G 2003S 2004S 2002
Wolfgang ThallerAustriaG 1997G 1996S 1999S 1998
Bruce MerrySouth AfricaG 2001G 2000S 1999B 1998B 1997B 1996
Harris LeungHong KongG 2021G(III) 2020S 2019B 2018B 2017
Goran ŽužićCroatiaG 2008G 2007S 2009B 2006
Vlad Alexandru GavrilăRomaniaG 2013G 2012S 2011B 2010
Victor BargachevRussiaG(I) 1995G(I) 1994S 1993
Johnny HoUnited StatesGP(I) 2012G 2011S 2013
Eric PriceUnited StatesGP(I) 2005GU 2003S 2004
Mihai PătraşcuRomaniaG(II) 2001G 2000S 1999
Roman PastoukhovRussiaG 2000G(II) 1999S 2001
Piotr ZielińskiPolandG 1997G(III) 1996S 1995
Fredrik HussSwedenG 1993G 1992S 1991
Miroslav DudíkSlovakiaG 1997G 1996S 1995
Richard KrálovičSlovakiaG 1999G 1998S 1997
Tomasz CzajkaPoland (1998, 2000), United Kingdom (1999)G 2000G 1999S 1998
Petr MitrichevRussiaG 2002G 2000S 2001
Luka KalinovčićCroatiaG 2004G 2003S 2002
Rostislav RumenovBulgariaG 2007G 2006S 2005
Richard McCutchenUnited StatesG 2007G 2005S 2006
Vladislav EpifanovRussiaG 2008G 2007S 2009
Cosmin GheorgheRomaniaG 2009G 2008S 2007
Pasin ManurangsiThailandG 2011G 2010S 2009
Wenyu CaoUnited StatesG 2011G 2010S 2009

Feeder competitions

Most participating countries use feeder competitions to select their team. A number of these are listed below:

Further information: National Olympiad in Informatics

Notes
1.^a IOI 2020 virtual closing ceremony was held on September 23, 2020.

See also

References
  1. Robson, Frank (10 August 2013). "Numbers game". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  2. "Minutes of the Meetings held in Kazan, Russian Federation" (PDF). ioinformatics.org. General Assembly of International Olympiad in Informatics. 19 August 2016. pp. 7, 11.
  3. Maggiolo, Stefano (2015). "An Update on the Female Presence at the IOI" (PDF). Olympiads in Informatics. London, U.K.: ioinformatics.org. 9, 127–137 (2015): 127–137. doi:10.15388/ioi.2015.10. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  4. "Zhezheng Luo". stats.ioinformatics.org.
  5. Simões, Gabriel (31 July 2017). "IOI 2017, first round - Codeforces". Codeforces. Retrieved 4 August 2017. There is really only one USA contestant on site, it looks like he came with the Chinese team (straight from China).
  6. "IOI 2017: Results". stats.ioinformatics.org.
  7. "General Assembly Minutes of the Meetings held in Almaty, Kazakhstan 26 July – 2 August, 2015" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. "Number of Participants". ioi2022.id.
  9. "IOI 1989".
  10. "IOI 1990".
  11. "IOI 1991".
  12. "IOI 1992".
  13. "IOI 1993".
  14. "IOI 1994".
  15. "IOI 1995".
  16. "IOI 1996".
  17. "IOI 1997".
  18. "IOI 1998".
  19. "IOI 1999".
  20. "IOI 2000".
  21. "IOI 2001".
  22. "IOI 2002".
  23. "IOI 2003".
  24. "IOI 2004".
  25. "IOI 2005".
  26. "IOI 2006".
  27. "IOI 2007".
  28. "IOI 2008".
  29. "IOI 2009".
  30. "IOI 2010".
  31. "IOI 2011".
  32. "IOI 2012".
  33. "IOI 2013".
  34. "IOI 2014".
  35. "IOI 2015".
  36. "IOI 2016".
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  40. "IOI 2018 Website". ioi2018.jp.
  41. "IOI 2019".
  42. "IOI 2019 Website". ioi2019.az.
  43. "IOI 2020".
  44. "IOI 2020 Website". ioi2020.sg.
  45. "IOI 2021".
  46. "IOI 2021 Website". ioi2021.sg.
  47. "IOI 2022".
  48. "IOI 2022 Website". ioi2022.id.
  49. "IOI 2023 Website". ioi2023.hu.
  50. "IOI 2024 Website". ioi2024.eg.
  51. "Hall of Fame". stats.ioinformatics.org.
  52. http://olimpiada.info/Romanian National Informatics Olympiad Archived 2019-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  53. "Informatica Olympiade".
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