Emeliana Aiza

Emeliana Aiza Parada (born 10 May 1980) is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist who served as a party-list member of the Chamber of Deputies from Potosí from 2010 to 2015. A member of the Movement for Socialism, she previously represented Potosí's circumscription 41 as a substitute under Severo Pacaja from 2006 to 2010.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Aiza and the second or maternal family name is Parada.

Emeliana Aiza
Headshot of Emeliana Aiza
Official portrait, 2014
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
from Potosí
In office
19 January 2010 – 18 January 2015
Preceded byMiriam Flores
Succeeded byJulio Huanca
ConstituencyParty list
Sub. Member of the Chamber of Deputies
from Potosí circumscription 41
In office
31 January 2006 – 19 January 2010
DeputySevero Pacaja
Preceded byAnacleto Gabriel
Succeeded byRita Callahuara
ConstituencyChayanta
Personal details
Born
Emeliana Aiza Parada

(1980-05-10) 10 May 1980
Huayraña, Potosí, Bolivia
Political partyMovement for Socialism
Occupation
  • Politician
  • trade unionist

Orphaned at a young age, Aiza spent much of her early life working agricultural and farming jobs in her rural community. Starting in the late 1990s, she began rising through the ranks of northern Potosí's trade syndicates, capping off her union career as a member of the Chayanta Regional Women's Center. The position opened the way for a career in politics, a product of the peasant movement's alignment with the Movement for Socialism.

In 2005, following an unsuccessful bid for a seat on the Ocurí Municipal Council, Aiza was elected as a substitute member of the Chamber of Deputies. She won her own seat in the 2009 election, becoming one of the rare few members of the Movement for Socialism to achieve reelection. Elected deputy leader of her party's caucus in the lower chamber, Aiza twice assumed full leadership due to the resignation or absence of her predecessors. She was not nominated for a third term.

Early life and career

Emeliana Aiza was born on 10 May 1980 in Huayraña, a small Quechua community situated in the Ocurí Municipality, part of the Chayanta Province of northern Potosí,[1] one of the poorest and least economically developed regions of the country.[2] The eldest of three sisters, Aiza spent a large part of her early life as head of household, a situation brought about by the death of both her parents, which left her orphaned at the age of 8.[3] She dropped out of school to focus on working,[4] making a modest living cultivating potatoes and attending to the livestock of her neighbors. Eventually, Aiza and her sisters saved enough money to set up their own small farm, allowing them to live independently of others.[3]

Starting from the late 1990s, Aiza began assuming roles within her area's local peasant unions. She got her start in 1999 as a member of her community's syndicate, where she served as Huayraña's representative before larger unions. In 2000, she joined the provincial women's union and two years later acceded to the directorate of the Chayanta Regional Women's Center.[1][3] During this time, she also attained membership within the Bartolina Sisa Confederation, the country's national women's organization.[5]

Chamber of Deputies

Election
Further information: 2005 Bolivian general election and 2009 Bolivian general election

Aiza's first foray into electoral politics came in 2004, when she was nominated to contest a seat on the Ocurí Municipal Council.[1] Although unsuccessful in that endeavor, her name was kept in consideration for other posts, and in 2005, she was nominated for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in representation of the Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP).[4]

As a product of its close alliance with the peasant movement, the MAS granted rural trade syndicates ample autonomy to select their own candidates in single-member constituencies. In northern Potosí, where traditional mechanisms of choosing leaders remained common practice, the designation adhered to the principle of rotation: in 2002, the candidate had been from Pocoata, so for 2005, the unions instead opted for Severo Pacaja of Ravelo, accompanied by Aiza of Ocurí as his substitute. The pair jointly contested the country's 41st circumscription and were elected to represent Potosí's Chayanta Province in the lower chamber.[6]

In 2009, Aiza was nominated for reelection as a full member of the Chamber of Deputies, a selection almost unheard of within the MAS, which had opted to near-entirely renew its parliamentary lists that cycle.[4] Unlike in 2005, where she ran individually, this time, Aiza was incorporated onto the MAS's electoral list. Although disadvantaged by a bottom placement on the party's slate of candidates, she won nonetheless, owing to Evo Morales's near-eighty-percent victory in Potosí, which garnered the MAS an almost clean sweep of the department's parliamentary delegation.[7]

Tenure

Shortly after assuming office, Aiza was elected to serve as deputy leader of the MAS caucus in the Chamber of Deputies.[5] Her service as second-in-command to leader Rebeca Delgado lasted until early June, at which point Aiza succeeded Delgado following the latter's surprise resignation.[1][8] Aiza's own tenure was also cut short in early 2011, after comments she made regarding potential increases in the price of gas drew pushback from her party[9]—the incident reflected simmering tensions in the country after a hike in gas prices the previous year, dubbed the gasolinazo, provoked intense general strikes.[10][11] In her place, Edwin Tupa was elected to lead the MAS caucus, while Aiza returned to her former position as deputy leader.[12] However, Tupa's own troubles forced him to take an extended leave of absence, leading Aiza to once again assume the post of caucus leader for the duration of 2011.[13][14]

Unlike in 2009, Aiza was not nominated for reelection to a third term in 2014, concluding her active participation in politics.[4] In addition to public service, Aiza's decade-long political career provided opportunities for her to complete the education she was forced to abandon in her youth. In 2004, in representation of a regional workers' federation, she participated in the first-ever Leadership for Transformation program, a political education course sponsored by the IDEA Foundation and the CAF – Development Bank.[15] Similarly, during her time as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, Aiza simultaneously took night courses at La Paz's Gualberto Villarroel School, from which she graduated in 2013.[1]

Commission assignments
  • Constitution, Legislation, and Electoral System Commission
    • Constitutional Review and Legislative Harmonization Committee (2013–2014)[16]
  • Planning, Economic Policy, and Finance Commission
    • Financial, Monetary, and Insurance Policy Committee (2012–2013)[17]
  • Plural Economy, Production, and Industry Commission
    • Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Committee (2011–2012)[18]
  • Education and Health Commission
    • Education Committee (Secretary: 2014–2015)[19]
  • International Relations and Migrant Protection Commission
    • International Relations, Migrant Protection, and International Organizations Committee (2010–2011)[20]

Electoral history
Electoral history of Emeliana Aiza
Year Office Party Votes Result Ref.
Total  % P.
2004 Councillor Movement for Socialism 770 29.01% 2nd Lost [21][lower-greek 1]
2005 Sub. Deputy Movement for Socialism 5,437 45.30% 1st Won [22]
2009 Deputy Movement for Socialism 243,855 78.32% 1st Won [23][lower-greek 1]
Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas

References

Notes
  1. Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.

Footnotes
  1. Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, p. 35.
  2. Romero Ballivián 2018, pp. 18, 24.
  3. Gonzales Salas 2013, p. 272.
  4. Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 24.
  5. Gonzales Salas 2013, p. 273.
  6. Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 431.
  7. "El MAS ganó con 64,22%: La clase media y la burguesía también votaron por Evo" [The MAS won with 64.22%: The middle class and bourgeoisie also voted for Evo]. Rebelion.org (in Spanish). Bolpress. 26 December 2009. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  8. Staff writer (1 June 2010). Written at La Paz. "Rebeca Delgado confirma que deja jefatura de MAS" [Rebeca Delgado confirms her departure from MAS leadership]. Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  9. "Anuncio de 'minigasolinazo' le costó el cargo a jefa de bancada del MAS" [Announcement of 'mini-gasolinazo' cost the leader of the MAS caucus her position]. El Diario (in Spanish). La Paz. 15 January 2011. Archived from the original on 17 January 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2023 – via eju!.
  10. Smink, Veronica (28 December 2010). "El precio social y político del 'gasolinazo' en Bolivia" [The political and social cost of the 'gasolinazo' in Bolivia]. BBC Mundo (in Spanish). London. Retrieved 22 February 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. "El fin del 'gasolinazo' devuelve la calma a Bolivia" [The end of the 'gasolinazo' returns calm to Bolivia]. BBC Mundo (in Spanish). London. 1 January 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  12. Written at La Paz. "MAS elige a Edwin Tupa como nuevo jefe de bancada en Cámara de Diputados" [MAS elects Edwin Tupa as new caucus leader in the Chamber of Deputies]. Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 14 January 2011. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  13. Staff writer (1 September 2011). Written at La Paz. "Tupa deja la jefatura del MAS" [Tupa steps down as MAS leader]. Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  14. "Edwin Tupa no volverá a ser jefe de bancada del MAS" [Edwin Tupa will not return as leader of the MAS caucus]. El Día (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 19 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023 – via eju!.
  15. "380 líderes se gradúan en el programa de Liderazgo para la Transformación impulsado por IDEA y CAF" [380 leaders graduate from the Leadership for Transformation program promoted by IDEA and CAF] (in Spanish). La Paz. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 28 February 2019. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  16. Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, p. 312.
  17. "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2012–2013". diputados.bo (in Spanish). Chamber of Deputies. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  18. "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2011–2012". diputados.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Deputies. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  19. Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, p. 309.
  20. Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, p. 320.
  21. "Elecciones Municipales 2004 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. "Elecciones Generales 2005 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  23. "Elecciones Generales 2009 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2022.

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