List of governors of Maryland

The governor of Maryland is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maryland and is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[1] The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state, and the constitutional powers of Maryland's governors make them among the most powerful governors in the United States.[2]

For a list of colonial governors, see List of colonial governors of Maryland.

The current governor is Democrat Wes Moore, who took office on January 18, 2023.[3]

Governors
For the period before independence, see List of colonial governors of Maryland.

Maryland was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on April 28, 1788.[4] Before it declared its independence, Maryland was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Under the constitution of 1776, governors were appointed by the General Assembly legislature to one-year terms and could be reelected for two additional terms, though they must take four years off after leaving office. An 1838 constitutional amendment allowed for popular election of governors to three-year terms, though they could not succeed themselves. The 1851 constitution removed the term limit, and lengthened terms to four years, to commence on the second Wednesday of the January following the election. Governors were limited to two consecutive terms beginning in 1948.[5]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970. The lieutenant governor succeeds to the office of governor should it become vacant. In the original constitution, the first named of the Governor's Council would act as governor if it were vacant, until a new governor were selected; this was changed to the secretary of state in 1837.[6] The 1867 constitution originally called for the General Assembly to immediately elect a new governor; if they were not in session, the president of the Senate would act as governor until one was elected.[7]

Governors of the State of Maryland
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
1   Thomas Johnson
(1732–1819)
[10][11]		 March 21, 1777
–
November 12, 1779
(did not run)		 Independent 1777 Office did not exist
1778
2 Thomas Sim Lee
(1745–1819)
[12][13][14]		 November 12, 1779
–
November 22, 1782
(term-limited)		 Independent 1779
1780
1781
3 William Paca
(1740–1799)
[15][16]		 November 22, 1782
–
November 26, 1785
(term-limited)		 Independent 1782
1783
1784
4 William Smallwood
(1732–1792)
[17]		 November 26, 1785
–
November 24, 1788
(term-limited)		 Independent 1785
1786
1787
5 John Eager Howard
(1752–1827)
[18][19][20]		 November 24, 1788
–
November 14, 1791
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1788
1789
1790
6 George Plater
(1735–1792)
[21][22][23]		 November 14, 1791
–
February 10, 1792
(died in office)		 Federalist 1791
— James Brice
(1746–1801)
[24]		 February 10, 1792
–
April 5, 1792
(did not run)		 Federalist Senior council
member acting
2 Thomas Sim Lee
(1745–1819)
[12][13][14]		 April 5, 1792[25]
–
November 14, 1794
(did not run)		 Federalist 1792
1793
7 John Hoskins Stone
(1749–1804)
[26][27][28]		 November 14, 1794
–
November 17, 1797
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1794
1795
1796
8 John Henry
(1750–1798)
[29][30][31]		 November 17, 1797
–
November 14, 1798
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1797
9 Benjamin Ogle
(1749–1809)
[32][33][34]		 November 14, 1798
–
November 10, 1801
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1798
1799
1800
10 John Francis Mercer
(1759–1821)
[35][36][37]		 November 10, 1801
–
November 13, 1803
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1801
1802
11 Robert Bowie
(1750–1818)
[38][39][40]		 November 15, 1803
–
November 10, 1806
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1803
1804
1805
12 Robert Wright
(1752–1826)
[41][42][43]		 November 12, 1806
–
May 6, 1809
(resigned)[lower-alpha 3]		 Democratic-
Republican		 1806
1807
1808
— James Butcher May 6, 1809
–
June 9, 1809
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 Senior council
member acting[43]
13 Edward Lloyd
(1779–1834)
[44][45][46]		 June 9, 1809
–
November 16, 1811
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 June 1809
(special)[lower-alpha 4]
Nov. 1809
1810
11 Robert Bowie
(1750–1818)
[38][39][40]		 November 16, 1811
–
November 25, 1812
(lost election)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1811
14 Levin Winder
(1757–1819)
[47][48][49]		 November 25, 1812
–
January 2, 1816
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1812
1813
1814
15 Charles Carnan Ridgely
(1760–1829)
[50][51][52]		 January 2, 1816
–
January 8, 1819
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1815
1816
1817
16 Charles Goldsborough
(1765–1834)
[53][54][55]		 January 8, 1819
–
December 20, 1819
(lost election)		 Federalist 1818
17 Samuel Sprigg
(1783–1855)
[56][57][58]		 December 20, 1819
–
December 16, 1822
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1819
1820
1821
18 Samuel Stevens Jr.
(1778–1860)
[59][60][61]		 December 16, 1822
–
January 9, 1826
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1822
1823
1824
19 Joseph Kent
(1779–1837)
[62][63][64]		 January 9, 1826
–
January 15, 1829
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1825
1826
1827
20 Daniel Martin
(1780–1831)
[65][66][67]		 January 15, 1829
–
January 15, 1830
(lost election)		 Anti-Jacksonian 1828
21 Thomas King Carroll
(1793–1873)
[68][69][70]		 January 15, 1830
–
January 13, 1831
(lost election)		 Jacksonian 1829
20 Daniel Martin
(1780–1831)
[65][66][67]		 January 13, 1831
–
July 11, 1831
(died in office)		 Anti-Jacksonian 1830
22 George Howard
(1789–1846)
[71][72][73]		 July 11, 1831
–
January 17, 1833
(did not run)		 Anti-Jacksonian Senior council
member acting
1832
23 James Thomas
(1785–1845)
[74][75][76]		 January 17, 1833
–
January 14, 1836
(term-limited)		 Whig 1833
1834
1835
24 Thomas Veazey
(1774–1842)
[77][78][79]		 January 14, 1836
–
January 7, 1839
(term-limited)		 Whig 1835
1836
1837
25 William Grason
(1788–1868)
[80][81][82]		 January 7, 1839
–
January 3, 1842
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1838
26 Francis Thomas
(1799–1876)
[83][84][85]		 January 3, 1842
–
January 6, 1845
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1841
27 Thomas Pratt
(1804–1869)
[86][87][88]		 January 6, 1845
–
January 3, 1848
(term-limited)		 Whig 1844
28 Philip Francis Thomas
(1810–1890)
[89][90][91]		 January 3, 1848
–
January 6, 1851
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1847
29 Enoch Louis Lowe
(1820–1892)
[92][93][94]		 January 6, 1851
–
January 11, 1854
(did not run)		 Democratic 1850
30 Thomas Watkins Ligon
(1810–1881)
[95][96][97]		 January 11, 1854
–
January 13, 1858
(did not run)		 Democratic 1853
31 Thomas Holliday Hicks
(1798–1865)
[98][99][100]		 January 13, 1858
–
January 8, 1862
(did not run)		 American 1857
32 Augustus Bradford
(1806–1881)
[101][102][103]		 January 8, 1862
–
January 10, 1866
(did not run)		 Union 1861
33 Thomas Swann
(1809–1883)
[104][105][106]		 January 10, 1866
–
January 13, 1869
(did not run)		 Union 1864   Christopher Christian Cox
34 Oden Bowie
(1826–1894)
[107][108][109]		 January 13, 1869
–
January 10, 1872
(did not run)		 Democratic 1867 Office did not exist
35 William Pinkney Whyte
(1824–1908)
[110][111][112]		 January 10, 1872
–
March 4, 1874
(resigned)[lower-alpha 5]		 Democratic 1871
36 James Black Groome
(1838–1893)
[113][114][115]		 March 4, 1874
–
January 12, 1876
(did not run)		 Democratic Elected
governor by
legislature
37 John Lee Carroll
(1830–1911)
[116][117][118]		 January 12, 1876
–
January 14, 1880
(did not run)		 Democratic 1875
38 William Thomas Hamilton
(1820–1888)
[119][120][121]		 January 14, 1880
–
January 9, 1884
(did not run)		 Democratic 1879
39 Robert Milligan McLane
(1815–1898)
[122][123][124]		 January 9, 1884
–
March 27, 1885
(resigned)[lower-alpha 6]		 Democratic 1883
40 Henry Lloyd
(1852–1920)
[125][126][127]		 March 27, 1885
–
January 11, 1888
(did not run)		 Democratic President of the
Senate acting
41 Elihu Emory Jackson
(1837–1907)
[128][129][130]		 January 11, 1888
–
January 13, 1892
(did not run)		 Democratic 1887
42 Frank Brown
(1846–1920)
[131][132][133]		 January 13, 1892
–
January 8, 1896
(did not run)		 Democratic 1891
43 Lloyd Lowndes Jr.
(1845–1905)
[134][135][136]		 January 8, 1896
–
January 10, 1900
(lost election)		 Republican 1895
44 John Walter Smith
(1845–1925)
[137][138][139]		 January 10, 1900
–
January 13, 1904
(did not run)[lower-alpha 7]		 Democratic 1899
45 Edwin Warfield
(1848–1920)
[140][141][142]		 January 13, 1904
–
January 8, 1908
(did not run)		 Democratic 1903
46 Austin Lane Crothers
(1860–1912)
[143][144][145]		 January 8, 1908
–
January 10, 1912
(did not run)		 Democratic 1907
47 Phillips Lee Goldsborough
(1865–1946)
[146][147][148]		 January 10, 1912
–
January 12, 1916
(did not run)		 Republican 1911
48 Emerson Harrington
(1864–1945)
[149][150][151]		 January 12, 1916
–
January 14, 1920
(did not run)		 Democratic 1915
49 Albert Ritchie
(1876–1936)
[152][153][154]		 January 14, 1920
–
January 9, 1935
(lost election)		 Democratic 1919
1923
1926
1930
50 Harry Nice
(1877–1941)
[155][156][157]		 January 9, 1935
–
January 11, 1939
(lost election)		 Republican 1934
51 Herbert O'Conor
(1896–1960)
[158][159][160]		 January 11, 1939
–
January 3, 1947
(did not run)[lower-alpha 8]		 Democratic 1938
1942
52 William Preston Lane Jr.
(1892–1967)
[161][162][163]		 January 3, 1947
–
January 10, 1951
(lost election)		 Democratic 1946
53 Theodore McKeldin
(1900–1974)
[164][165][166]		 January 10, 1951
–
January 14, 1959
(term-limited)		 Republican 1950
1954
54 J. Millard Tawes
(1894–1979)
[167][168][169]		 January 14, 1959
–
January 25, 1967
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1958
1962
55 Spiro Agnew
(1918–1996)
[170][171][172]		 January 25, 1967
–
January 7, 1969
(resigned)[lower-alpha 9]		 Republican 1966
56 Marvin Mandel[lower-alpha 10]
(1920–2015)
[173][174][175]		 January 7, 1969
–
January 17, 1979
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1969
(special)[lower-alpha 11]		 Blair Lee III
1970
1974
— Blair Lee III
(1916–1985)
[176][177][178]		 June 4, 1977
–
January 15, 1979
(did not run)		 Democratic Lieutenant
governor
acting[lower-alpha 10]		 Acting as governor
57 Harry Hughes
(1926–2019)
[179][180]		 January 17, 1979
–
January 21, 1987
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1978 Samuel Bogley
1982 J. Joseph Curran Jr.
58 William Donald Schaefer
(1921–2011)
[181][182]		 January 21, 1987
–
January 18, 1995
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1986 Melvin Steinberg
1990
59 Parris Glendening
(b. 1942)
[183][184]		 January 18, 1995
–
January 15, 2003
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1994 Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
1998
60 Bob Ehrlich
(b. 1957)
[185][186]		 January 15, 2003
–
January 17, 2007
(lost election)		 Republican 2002 Michael Steele
61 Martin O'Malley
(b. 1963)
[187][188]		 January 17, 2007
–
January 21, 2015
(term-limited)		 Democratic 2006 Anthony Brown
2010
62 Larry Hogan
(b. 1956)
[189][190]		 January 21, 2015
–
January 18, 2023
(term-limited)		 Republican 2014 Boyd Rutherford
2018
63 Wes Moore
(b. 1978)
[191][192]		 January 18, 2023
–
Incumbent
[lower-alpha 12]		 Democratic 2022 Aruna Miller

Notes
  1. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970.[8][9]
  2. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. Wright resigned due to a loss of popularity,[41] and to secure a seat on the Maryland Court of Appeals, though he was not appointed to it.[42]
  4. Special election to fill the remainder of Robert Wright's term.
  5. Whyte resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[110]
  6. McLane resigned to be United States Minister to France.[122]
  7. Smith instead ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for United States Senate.[137]
  8. O'Conor instead ran successfully for United States Senate.[158]
  9. Agnew resigned to be Vice President of the United States.[170]
  10. Mandel named Lieutenant Governor Lee acting governor on June 4, 1977, as he was dealing with charges of mail fraud and racketeering; he would be found guilty in August, and sentenced to four years in prison in October. He rescinded the designation on January 15, 1979, two days before the end of the term; he then made Lee acting governor again for a time on January 16 so he could preside at the installation of a judge on the Court of Appeals.[178][173]
  11. Mandel was elected by the Maryland General Assembly to fill the vacancy left by Agnew's resignation.
  12. Moore's first term will expire January 20, 2027.

See also

References
General
  • "Former Maryland Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. II. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  • "Governors of Maryland". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
Specific
  1. "Maryland Governor – Origin & Functions". Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  2. Prah, Pamela (March 9, 2007). "Massachusetts gov rated most powerful (archived)". Stateline.Org. Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  3. Cox, Erin; Wiggins, Ovetta (January 18, 2023). "Wes Moore to be sworn in, making history as Md.'s first Black governor". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
  4. "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland; April 28, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  5. "Governor". Guide to Government Records. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  6. "Maryland Lieutenant Governor". Maryland Manual On-Line. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  7. 1867 Const, original, art. II, § 2, accessed March 4, 2023
  8. Dayhoff, Kevin (December 7, 2005). "Why We Have a Lieutenant Governor". The Tentacle. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  9. Papenfouse, Edward. The Archives of Maryland, new series, An Historical List of Public Officials of Maryland. Vol. I. Annapolis, MD: Maryland State Archives: 1990.
  10. "Thomas Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  11. "Thomas Johnson". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  12. Sobel pp. 646–647
  13. "Thomas Sim Lee". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  14. "Thomas Sim Lee". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  15. "William Paca". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  16. "William Paca". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  17. "William Smallwood". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  18. Sobel p. 645
  19. "John Eager Howard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  20. "John Eager Howard". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  21. Sobel p. 646
  22. "George Plater". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  23. "George Plater". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  24. "James Brice". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  25. MSA SC M 3185, Page 1152, accessed March 4, 2023
  26. Sobel pp. 647–648
  27. "John Hoskins Stone". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  28. "John Hoskins Stone". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  29. Sobel pp. 648–649
  30. "John Henry". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  31. "John Henry". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  32. Sobel p. 649
  33. "Benjamin Ogle". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  34. "Benjamin Ogle". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  35. Sobel p. 650
  36. "John Francis Mercer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  37. "John Francis Mercer". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  38. Sobel pp. 650–651
  39. "Robert Bowie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  40. "Robert Bowie". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  41. Sobel pp. 651–652
  42. "Robert Wright". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  43. "Robert Wright". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  44. Sobel pp. 652–653
  45. "Edward Lloyd". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  46. "Edward Lloyd". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  47. Sobel pp. 653–654
  48. "Levin Winder". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  49. "Levin Winder". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  50. Sobel p. 654
  51. "Charles Carnan Ridgely". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  52. "Charles Ridgely of Hampton". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  53. Sobel p. 655
  54. "Charles Goldsborough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  55. "Charles Goldborough". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  56. Sobel pp. 655–656
  57. "Samuel Sprigg". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  58. "Samuel Sprigg". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  59. Sobel pp. 656–657
  60. "Samuel Stevens". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  61. "Samuel Stevens, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  62. Sobel pp. 657–658
  63. "Joseph Kent". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  64. "Joseph Kent". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  65. Sobel pp. 658–659
  66. "Daniel Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  67. "Daniel Martin". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  68. Sobel p. 659
  69. "Thomas King Carroll". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  70. "Thomas King Carroll". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  71. Sobel p. 660
  72. "George Howard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  73. "George Howard". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  74. Sobel pp. 660–661
  75. "James Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  76. "James Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  77. Sobel pp. 661–662
  78. "Thomas Ward Veazey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  79. "Thomas W. Veazey". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  80. Sobel pp. 662–663
  81. "William Grason". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  82. "William Grason". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  83. Sobel p. 663
  84. "Francis Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  85. "Francis Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  86. Sobel p. 664
  87. "Thomas George Pratt". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  88. "Thomas G. Pratt". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  89. Sobel pp. 664–665
  90. "Phillip Francis Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  91. "Philip Francis Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  92. Sobel pp. 665–666
  93. "Enoch Louis Lowe". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  94. "Enoch Louis Lowe". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  95. Sobel pp. 666–667
  96. "Thomas Watkins Ligon". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  97. "Thomas Watkins Ligon". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  98. Sobel p. 667
  99. "Thomas Holliday Hicks". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  100. "Thomas Holliday Hicks". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  101. Sobel p. 668
  102. "Augustus Williamson Bradford". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  103. "Augustus W. Bradford". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  104. Sobel p. 669
  105. "Thomas Swann". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  106. "Thomas Swann". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  107. Sobel p. 670
  108. "Oden Bowie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  109. "Oden Bowie". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  110. Sobel pp. 670–671
  111. "William Pinkney Whyte". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  112. "William Pinkney Whyte". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  113. Sobel pp. 671–672
  114. "James Black Groome". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  115. "James Black Groome". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  116. Sobel p. 672
  117. "John Lee Carroll". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  118. "John Lee Carroll". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  119. Sobel p. 673
  120. "William Thomas Hamilton". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  121. "William T. Hamilton". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  122. Sobel pp. 673–674
  123. "Robert Milligan McLane". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  124. "Robert M. McLane". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  125. Sobel p. 674
  126. "Henry Lloyd". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  127. "Henry Lloyd". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  128. Sobel pp. 674–675
  129. "Elihu Emory Jackson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  130. "Elihu E. Jackson". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  131. Sobel p. 675
  132. "Frank Brown". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  133. "Frank Brown". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  134. Sobel p. 676
  135. "Lloyd Lowndes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  136. "Lloyd Lowndes, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  137. Sobel pp. 676–677
  138. "John Walter Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  139. "John Walter Smith". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  140. Sobel p. 677
  141. "Edwin Warfield". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  142. "Edwin Warfield". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  143. Sobel p. 678
  144. "Austin Lane Crothers". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  145. "Austin Lane Crothers". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  146. Sobel pp. 678–679
  147. "Phillips Lee Goldsborough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  148. "Phillips Lee Goldsborough". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  149. Sobel p. 679
  150. "Emerson Columbus Harrington". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  151. "Emerson C. Harrington". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  152. Sobel p. 680
  153. "Albert Cabell Ritchie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  154. "Albert C. Ritchie". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  155. Sobel pp. 680–681
  156. "Harry Whinna Nice". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  157. "Harry W. Nice". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  158. Sobel p. 681
  159. "Herbert Romulus O'Conor". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  160. "Herbert R. O'Conor". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  161. Sobel p. 682
  162. "William Preston Lane". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  163. "William Preston Lane, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  164. Sobel pp. 682–683
  165. "Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  166. "Theodore R. McKeldin". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  167. Sobel pp. 683–684
  168. "J. Millard Tawes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  169. "J. Millard Tawes". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  170. Sobel p. 684
  171. "Spiro Theodore Agnew". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  172. "Spiro T. Agnew". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  173. Sobel p. 685
  174. "Marvin Mandel". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  175. "Marvin Mandel". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  176. Sobel pp. 685–686
  177. "Blair Lee". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  178. "Blair Lee III". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  179. "Harry Roe Hughes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  180. "Harry R. Hughes". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  181. "William Donald Schaefer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  182. "William Donald Schaefer". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  183. "Parris N. Glendening". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  184. "Parris N. Glendening". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  185. "Robert L. Ehrlich". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  186. "Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  187. "Martin O'Malley". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  188. "Martin J. O'Malley". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  189. "Larry Hogan". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  190. "Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  191. "Wes Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  192. "Westley Watende Omari (Wes) Moore". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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