List of governors of New Jersey

The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of New Jersey and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New Jersey Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason or impeachment.[1]

Governor of New Jersey
Coat of arms of New Jersey
Incumbent
Phil Murphy
since January 16, 2018
Style
Status
ResidenceDrumthwacket
SeatTrenton, New Jersey
Term lengthFour years, renewable once consecutively
Constituting instrumentNew Jersey Constitution of 1776
PrecursorGovernor of New Jersey (Great Britain)
Inaugural holderWilliam Livingston
FormationAugust 31, 1776 (1776-08-31)
DeputyLieutenant Governor of New Jersey
Websitestate.nj.us/governor

The first New Jersey State Constitution, ratified in 1776, provided that a governor be elected annually by the state legislature, the members of which were selected by the several counties.[2] Under this constitution, the governor was president of the upper house of the legislature, then called the Legislative Council.[2] The 1844 constitution provided for a popular vote to elect the governor,[3] who no longer presided over the upper house of the legislature, now called the Senate. The 1844 constitution also lengthened the governor's term to three years, set to start on the third Tuesday in January following an election, and barred governors from succeeding themselves.[4] The 1947 constitution extended terms to four years, and limits governors from being elected to more than two consecutive terms, though they can run again after a third term has passed.[5] Joseph Bloomfield, Peter Dumont Vroom, Daniel Haines, Joel Parker, Leon Abbett, and Walter Evans Edge each served two non-consecutive stints as governor while A. Harry Moore served three non-consecutive stints. Foster McGowan Voorhees, James Fairman Fielder, and Richard Codey each served two non-consecutive stints, one as acting governor and one as official governor.

The 1776 constitution provided that the vice-president of the Legislative Council would act as governor (who was president of the Council) should that office be vacant.[2] The 1844 constitution placed the president of the Senate first in the line of succession,[6] as did the subsequent 1947 constitution.[7] A constitutional amendment in 2006 created the office of lieutenant governor,[8] to be elected on the same ticket for the same term as the governor,[9] and if the office of governor is vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[10] This office was first filled in 2010.

There have been 55 official governors of New Jersey, 1 of whom was female, with several others acting as governor for a time.[lower-alpha 1] In the official numbering, governors are counted only once each, and traditionally, only elected governors were included. However, legislation signed on January 10, 2006, allowed acting governors who had served at least 180 days to be considered full governors. The law was retroactive to January 1, 2001; it therefore changed the titles of Donald DiFrancesco and Richard Codey, affecting Jim McGreevey's numbering.[11] The current governor is Phil Murphy, who took office on January 16, 2018.

Governors
For the period before independence, see List of colonial governors of New Jersey.

New Jersey was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on December 18, 1787. Before it declared its independence, New Jersey was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Prior to 2010, unlike most other states, New Jersey did not have the office of lieutenant governor. Until 2010, when the office of governor was vacant or the governor was unable to fulfill his/her duties through injury, the president of the State Senate served as the acting governor. The Senate president continued in the legislative role during his/her tenure as the state's acting chief executive, thus giving the person control over executive and legislative authority. The acting governor served either until a special election was held (which would occur if the governor died, resigned, or was removed from office with more than 16 months before the end of the term), until the governor recovered from his/her injuries, or, if the governor died, resigned, or was removed from office less than 16 months before end of the term, until the end of the term.

Following the resignation of Christine Todd Whitman in 2001 to become EPA Administrator, Donald DiFrancesco assumed the acting governor's post. Following Whitman's resignation and DiFrancesco's departure, John O. Bennett served as acting governor for three and a half days. During that time, he signed a few bills into law, gave a State of the State Address, and held parties at Drumthwacket, the New Jersey governor's mansion. Similarly, Richard J. Codey served as acting governor as well. Because control of the New Jersey State Senate was split, resulting in two Senate co-presidents, Codey and Bennett, each held the office of acting governor for three days. For a second time, Richard Codey served as acting governor of New Jersey until January 2006, following the resignation of Jim McGreevey in late 2004. Perhaps the spectacle of having six changes in the governorship in a four-year span, in as much as any other factor, led to the voters' decision to amend the state constitution in 2005 to create the office of lieutenant governor of New Jersey effective with the 2009 state elections.

Governors of the State of New Jersey
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3]
1   William Livingston
(1723–1790)
[12][13]		 August 31, 1776[14]
–
July 25, 1790
(died in office)		 Federalist 1776 Office did not exist
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
— Elisha Lawrence
(1746–1799)
 July 25, 1790[15]
–
October 29, 1790
(successor took office)		 Federalist Vice-president of
the Legislative
Council acting
2 William Paterson
(1745–1806)
[16][17]		 October 29, 1790[18]
–
May 27, 1793
(resigned)[lower-alpha 4]		 Federalist 1790
1791
1792
— Thomas Henderson
(1743–1824)
[20][21]		 May 27, 1793[lower-alpha 5]
–
June 3, 1793
(successor took office)		 Federalist Vice-president of
the Legislative
Council acting
3 Richard Howell[lower-alpha 6]
(1754–1802)
[24][25]		 June 3, 1793[22]
–
October 31, 1801
(did not run)		 Federalist 1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
4 Joseph Bloomfield
(1753–1823)
[26][27]		 October 31, 1801[28]
–
October 28, 1802
(deadlocked election)[lower-alpha 7]		 Democratic-
Republican		 1801
— John Lambert
(1746–1823)
[29][30]		 October 28, 1802[29]
–
October 27, 1803
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1802[lower-alpha 7]
4 Joseph Bloomfield
(1753–1823)
[26][27]		 October 27, 1803[32]
–
October 29, 1812
(did not run)[lower-alpha 8]		 Democratic-
Republican		 1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
5 Aaron Ogden
(1756–1839)
[35][36]		 October 29, 1812[37]
–
October 29, 1813
(lost election)		 Federalist 1812
6 William Sanford Pennington
(1757–1826)
[38][39]		 October 29, 1813[40]
–
June 19, 1815
(resigned)[lower-alpha 9]		 Democratic-
Republican		 1813
1814
— William Kennedy
(1775–1826)		 June 19, 1815[41]
–
October 26, 1815
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 Vice-president of
the Legislative
Council acting
7 Mahlon Dickerson
(1770–1853)
[42][43]		 October 26, 1815[44]
–
February 1, 1817
(resigned)[lower-alpha 10]		 Democratic-
Republican		 1815
1816
8 Isaac Halstead Williamson
(1767–1844)
[45][46]		 February 6, 1817[47]
–
October 30, 1829
(lost election)		 Federalist[lower-alpha 11] 1817[lower-alpha 12]
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
— Garret D. Wall
(1783–1850)
 October 30, 1829[53]
–
November 2, 1829
(declined)[lower-alpha 13]		 Democratic 1829[lower-alpha 13]
9 Peter Dumont Vroom
(1791–1873)
[56][57]		 November 6, 1829[58]
–
October 26, 1832
(lost election)		 Democratic
1830
1831
10 Samuel L. Southard
(1787–1842)
[59][60]		 October 26, 1832[61]
–
February 27, 1833
(resigned)[lower-alpha 14]		 Whig 1832[lower-alpha 15]
11 Elias P. Seeley
(1791–1846)
[62][63]		 February 27, 1833[64]
–
October 25, 1833
(lost election)		 Whig
9 Peter Dumont Vroom
(1791–1873)
[56][57]		 October 25, 1833[65]
–
November 3, 1836
(resigned)[lower-alpha 16]		 Democratic 1833
1834
1835
12 Philemon Dickerson
(1788–1862)
[67][68]		 November 3, 1836[66]
–
October 27, 1837
(lost election)		 Democratic 1836
13 William Pennington
(1796–1862)
[69]		 October 27, 1837[70]
–
October 27, 1843
(did not run)		 Whig 1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
14 Daniel Haines
(1801–1877)
[71][72]		 October 27, 1843[73]
–
January 21, 1845
(did not run)		 Democratic 1843
15 Charles C. Stratton
(1796–1859)
[74][75]		 January 21, 1845[76]
–
January 18, 1848
(term-limited)		 Whig 1844
14 Daniel Haines
(1801–1877)
[71][72]		 January 18, 1848[77]
–
January 21, 1851
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1847
16 George Franklin Fort
(1809–1872)
[78][79]		 January 21, 1851[80]
–
January 17, 1854
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1850
17 Rodman M. Price
(1816–1894)
[81][82]		 January 17, 1854[83]
–
January 20, 1857
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1853
18 William A. Newell
(1817–1901)
[84][85]		 January 20, 1857[86]
–
January 17, 1860
(term-limited)		 Republican 1856
19 Charles Smith Olden
(1799–1876)
[87][88]		 January 17, 1860[89]
–
January 20, 1863
(term-limited)		 Republican 1859
20 Joel Parker
(1816–1888)
[90][91]		 January 20, 1863[92]
–
January 16, 1866
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1862
21 Marcus Lawrence Ward
(1812–1884)
[93][94]		 January 16, 1866[95]
–
January 19, 1869
(term-limited)		 Republican 1865
22 Theodore Fitz Randolph
(1826–1883)
[96][97]		 January 19, 1869[98]
–
January 16, 1872
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1868
20 Joel Parker
(1816–1888)
[90][91]		 January 16, 1872[99]
–
January 19, 1875
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1871
23 Joseph D. Bedle
(1831–1894)
[100][101]		 January 19, 1875[102]
–
January 15, 1878
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1874
24 George B. McClellan
(1826–1885)
[103][104]		 January 15, 1878[105]
–
January 18, 1881
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1877
25 George C. Ludlow
(1830–1900)
[106][107]		 January 18, 1881[108]
–
January 15, 1884
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1880
26 Leon Abbett
(1836–1894)
[109][110]		 January 15, 1884[111]
–
January 18, 1887
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1883
27 Robert Stockton Green
(1831–1895)
[112][113]		 January 18, 1887[114]
–
January 21, 1890
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1886
26 Leon Abbett
(1836–1894)
[109][110]		 January 21, 1890[115]
–
January 17, 1893
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1889
28 George Theodore Werts
(1846–1910)
[116][117]		 January 17, 1893[118]
–
January 21, 1896
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1892
29 John W. Griggs
(1849–1927)
[119][120]		 January 21, 1896[121]
–
January 31, 1898
(resigned)[lower-alpha 17]		 Republican 1895
— Foster McGowan Voorhees
(1856–1927)
[122][123]		 January 31, 1898[124]
–
October 18, 1898
(resigned)[lower-alpha 18]		 Republican President of
the Senate
acting
— David Ogden Watkins
(1862–1938)
[126][127]		 October 18, 1898[128]
–
January 17, 1899
(did not run)		 Republican Speaker of
the Assembly
acting
30 Foster McGowan Voorhees
(1856–1927)
[122][123]		 January 17, 1899[129]
–
January 21, 1902
(term-limited)		 Republican 1898[lower-alpha 19]
31 Franklin Murphy
(1846–1920)
[133][134]		 January 21, 1902[135]
–
January 17, 1905
(term-limited)		 Republican 1901[lower-alpha 20]
32 Edward C. Stokes
(1860–1942)
[137][138]		 January 17, 1905[139]
–
January 21, 1908
(term-limited)		 Republican 1904
33 John Franklin Fort
(1852–1920)
[140][141]		 January 21, 1908[142]
–
January 17, 1911
(term-limited)		 Republican 1907[lower-alpha 21]
34 Woodrow Wilson
(1856–1924)
[144][145]		 January 17, 1911[146]
–
March 1, 1913
(resigned)[lower-alpha 22]		 Democratic 1910[lower-alpha 23]
— James Fairman Fielder
(1867–1954)
[151][152]		 March 1, 1913[153]
–
October 28, 1913
(resigned)[lower-alpha 24]		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
— Leon Rutherford Taylor
(1883–1924)
[155][156]		 October 28, 1913[157]
–
January 20, 1914
(did not run)		 Democratic Speaker of
the Assembly
acting
35 James Fairman Fielder
(1867–1954)
[151][152]		 January 20, 1914[158]
–
January 16, 1917
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1913[lower-alpha 25][lower-alpha 26]
36 Walter Evans Edge
(1873–1956)
[162][163]		 January 16, 1917[164]
–
May 16, 1919
(resigned)[lower-alpha 27]		 Republican 1916[lower-alpha 26][lower-alpha 28]
— William Nelson Runyon
(1871–1931)
[165][166]		 May 16, 1919[167]
–
January 13, 1920
(senate term expired)		 Republican President of
the Senate
acting
— Clarence E. Case
(1877–1961)
[168][169]		 January 13, 1920[170]
–
January 20, 1920
(successor took office)		 Republican President of
the Senate
acting
37 Edward I. Edwards
(1863–1931)
[171][172]		 January 20, 1920[173]
–
January 15, 1923
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1919
38 George Sebastian Silzer
(1870–1940)
[174][175]		 January 15, 1923[176]
–
January 19, 1926
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1922
39 A. Harry Moore
(1877–1952)
[177][178]		 January 19, 1926[179]
–
January 15, 1929
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1925
40 Morgan Foster Larson
(1882–1961)
[180][181]		 January 15, 1929[182]
–
January 19, 1932
(term-limited)		 Republican 1928
39 A. Harry Moore
(1877–1952)
[177][178]		 January 19, 1932[183]
–
January 3, 1935
(resigned)[lower-alpha 29]		 Democratic 1931
— Clifford Ross Powell
(1893–1973)
 January 3, 1935[184]
–
January 8, 1935
(senate term expired)		 Republican President of
the Senate
acting
— Horace Griggs Prall
(1881–1951)
[185][186]		 January 8, 1935[187]
–
January 15, 1935
(successor took office)		 Republican President of
the Senate
acting
41 Harold G. Hoffman
(1896–1954)
[188][189]		 January 15, 1935[190]
–
January 18, 1938
(term-limited)		 Republican 1934
39 A. Harry Moore
(1877–1952)
[177][178]		 January 18, 1938[191]
–
January 21, 1941
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1937
42 Charles Edison
(1890–1969)
[192][193]		 January 21, 1941[194]
–
January 18, 1944
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1940
36 Walter Evans Edge
(1873–1956)
[162][163]		 January 18, 1944[195]
–
January 21, 1947
(term-limited)		 Republican 1943
43 Alfred E. Driscoll
(1902–1975)
[196][197]		 January 21, 1947[198]
–
January 19, 1954
(term-limited)		 Republican 1946
1949
44 Robert B. Meyner
(1908–1990)
[199][200]		 January 19, 1954[201]
–
January 16, 1962
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1953
1957
45 Richard J. Hughes
(1909–1992)
[202][203]		 January 16, 1962[204]
–
January 20, 1970
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1961
1965
46 William T. Cahill
(1912–1996)
[205][206]		 January 20, 1970[207]
–
January 15, 1974
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 30]		 Republican 1969
47 Brendan Byrne
(1924–2018)
[208][209]		 January 15, 1974[210]
–
January 19, 1982
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1973
1977
48 Thomas Kean
(b. 1935)
[211]		 January 19, 1982[212]
–
January 16, 1990
(term-limited)		 Republican 1981
1985
49 James Florio
(1937–2022)
[213]		 January 16, 1990[214]
–
January 18, 1994
(lost election)		 Democratic 1989
50 Christine Todd Whitman
(b. 1946)
[215]		 January 18, 1994[216]
–
January 31, 2001
(resigned)[lower-alpha 31]		 Republican 1993
1997
51 Donald DiFrancesco
(b. 1944)
[217]		 January 31, 2001
–
January 8, 2002
(senate term expired)		 Republican Succeeded from
president of
the Senate[lower-alpha 32]
— John Farmer Jr.
(b. 1957)		 January 8, 2002[219]
–
January 8, 2002
(successor took office)		 Republican Attorney
general
acting[lower-alpha 33]
— John O. Bennett
(b. 1948)
[220]		 January 8, 2002[221]
–
January 12, 2002
(successor took office)		 Republican President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 34]
— Richard Codey
(b. 1946)
[223]		 January 12, 2002[224]
–
January 15, 2002
(successor took office)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 34]
52 Jim McGreevey
(b. 1957)
[225]		 January 15, 2002[226]
–
November 15, 2004
(resigned)		 Democratic 2001
53 Richard Codey
(b. 1946)
[223]		 November 15, 2004[227]
–
January 17, 2006
(did not run)		 Democratic Succeeded from
president of
the Senate[lower-alpha 35]
54 Jon Corzine
(b. 1947)
[228]		 January 17, 2006[229]
–
January 19, 2010
(lost election)		 Democratic 2005[lower-alpha 36]
55 Chris Christie
(b. 1962)
[232]		 January 19, 2010[233]
–
January 16, 2018
(term-limited)		 Republican 2009   Kim Guadagno
2013
56 Phil Murphy
(b. 1957)
[234]		 January 16, 2018[235]
–
Incumbent[lower-alpha 37]		 Democratic 2017 Sheila Oliver
2021

See also

Notes
  1. Only acting governors who filled a vacant office are included in the list. People who acted as governor for a period when the governor was out of state or unable to serve for a period are noted with their governor. It is possible other people acted as governor for short periods but were not recorded.
  2. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 2006 and first filled in 2010.
  3. All lieutenant governors have represented the same party as their governor.
  4. Paterson resigned to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.[16] He submitted his resignation on March 30, but it was not accepted by the legislature until May 27.[19]
  5. Sobel says that Henderson acted as governor because Howell was commanding troops during the Whiskey Rebellion until June 3;[20] however, Howell wasn't elected governor until June 3, and did not accept until June 4.[22]
  6. Howell was in Pennsylvania in command of the New Jersey militia during the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794; during his absence, Vice-President of the Legislative Council Thomas Henderson acted as governor from September 20 to December 25.[23]
  7. The 1802 election was deadlocked, with the legislature unable to pick a candidate, giving up on November 25, 1802. Lambert, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor until the next election.[31]
  8. Bloomfield was commissioned a brigadier general in March 1812, to serve in the War of 1812,[26] and Charles Clark, vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor until his successor took office.[33] The specific dates are in question; the state report says Bloomfield was commissioned March 30 and Clark took office June 1, while Lee says Bloomfield was commissioned March 27.[34] It is unknown if Bloomfield formally resigned; Sobel says he did, but no sources list Clark as a full governor.
  9. Pennington resigned to be take a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.[38]
  10. Dickerson resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[42]
  11. Williamson was known to be a Federalist; though the Federalist Party ceased existing around 1820, no sources say Williamson changed his party affiliation, perhaps choosing to remain loyal to the Federalist ideals.[48] One source describes him as an "ex-Federalist" before he was even elected.[49] A contemporary source says he remained in office until the "Jackson party" controlled the legislature; as this is a reference to the Democratic-Republican Party, it can be assumed Williamson did not switch to that party.[50]
  12. Williamson was elected by the legislature to succeed him Dickerson.[51] No source mentions anyone acting as governor between Dickerson's resignation and Williamson's election; Jesse Upson, vice-president of the Legislative Council, likely acted as governor.[52]
  13. Wall was elected on October 30, 1829, but declined the post on November 2;[54] some sources say the resignation was effective November 6, when his successor was elected.[55]
  14. Southard resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[59]
  15. Seeley was vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time of Southard's resignation, but he was elected governor rather than simply acting in the post for the rest of the term.[62]
  16. Contemporary sources say Vroom resigned due to ill health.[66]
  17. Griggs resigned to be United States Attorney General.[119]
  18. Voorhees wanted to run for governor, but as governors were prohibited from succeeding themselves, he had to resign first.[125]
  19. Voorhees was out of the country in Europe for several weeks in 1900; President of the Senate William M. Johnson acted as governor from May 21 to June 19.[130][131][132]
  20. Murphy was out of the state twice in 1904; President of the Senate Edmund W. Wakelee acted as governor twice, and according to page 284 the 1905 Manual of the Legislature, served from April 25 to June 5, when Murphy was in Europe, and from June 14 to June 27, when Murphy was visiting Chicago and St. Louis.[136] However, page 16 of the same book states that he served from April 25 to June 5, and June 15 to June 27.[130] He actually took the oaths of office on April 26 and June 14.[132]
  21. Fort was out of the state for some time in 1909; President of the Senate Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen, Sr. acted as governor for an unknown period.[143]
  22. Wilson resigned to be President of the United States.[144]
  23. Wilson was out of the state for multiple periods during his administration.[131] Documented episodes include from May 3 to June 3, 1911, during which time President of the Senate Ernest R. Ackerman acted as governor,[147][148] though another source states he took the oath on May 4.[149] Ackerman also acted as governor from October 25, 1911, for about a week, and again for about a week in mid-November, 1911.[150] John Dyneley Prince became president of the Senate in 1912, and is known to have acted as governor on at least 11 different occasions.[150]
  24. Fielder wanted to run for governor, but as governors were prohibited from succeeding themselves, he had to resign first.[154]
  25. Fielder was out of the state for a time in June 1914; President of the Senate John W. Slocum acted as governor for an unknown period.[159] Walter Evans Edge later became president of the Senate, and acted as governor for five weeks in 1915.[160] Later again, George W. F. Gaunt became president of the Senate and acted as governor, though only two days are specifically known: September 19, 1916 and October 9, 1916.[161]
  26. One source states that President of the Senate George W. F. Gaunt acted as governor in 1917, but it is unknown if he was acting in place of James Fairman Fielder or Walter Evans Edge.[131]
  27. Edge resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[162]
  28. Edge was out of the state for a time in 1918; Thomas F. McCran, as president of the Senate, is known to have acted as governor, but for an unknown period.[131]
  29. Moore resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[177]
  30. Cahill lost the Republican nomination to Charles W. Sandman Jr..
  31. Whitman resigned to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.[215]
  32. A 2006 law considers anyone who has acted as governor longer than 180 days to be considered a full governor, retroactive to January 1, 2001, and as such, DiFrancesco is considered to have fully succeeded to the post.[218]
  33. There were 90 minutes between the end of the DiFrancesco's senate term and the beginning of the next one; during this time, Attorney General Farmer acted as governor.[219]
  34. The new state senate was evenly split between Republicans and Democrats.[222] The compromise to pick a senate president – and therefore, an acting governor – was to have Republican John Bennett act as governor from 1:30pm January 8 to 12:01am January 12, and Democrat Richard Codey would then act from 12:01am January 12 to noon on January 15, at which point the elected governor took office.[220]
  35. A 2006 law considers anyone who has acted as governor longer than 180 days to be considered a full governor, retroactive to January 1, 2001, and as such, Codey is considered to have fully succeeded to the post.[218]
  36. Corzine was severely injured in a car accident on April 12, 2007; President of the Senate Richard Codey acted as governor until May 7, 2007.[230] Corzine also left the country in 2010 for a vacation to Switzerland; President of the Senate Stephen M. Sweeney acted as governor from January 14 to around January 17.[231]
  37. Murphy's second term will expire on January 20, 2026; he will be term-limited.

References
General
  • "Former New Jersey Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  • Lee, Francis Bazley (1902). New Jersey as a Colony and a State. New York City: The Publishing Society of New Jersey. ISBN 1-146-76658-0. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  • Report of the Adjutant-General of the State of New Jersey for the year ending October 31st, 1906. Somerville, New Jersey: The Union-Gazette Printing House. 1907. pp. 122–131. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
Specific
  1. NJ Constitution article V
  2. 1776 Constitution article 7
  3. 1844 Constitution article V, § 2
  4. 1844 Constitution article V, § 3
  5. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 5
  6. 1844 Constitution article V, § 12
  7. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, original
  8. NJ Constitution article XI, § 7
  9. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 4
  10. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, as amended
  11. New Jersey Legislature. P.L.2005, c. 282.: Provides title of person who serves as Acting Governor for continuous period of at least 180 days will be "Governor of the State of New Jersey" for official and historical purposes. Approved January 9, 2006, retroactive to January 1, 2001. Accessed January 6, 2008.
  12. Sobel p. 1007
  13. "William Livingston". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  14. New Jersey Legislature. Minutes and proceedings of the Council and General Assembly of the state of New-Jersey, in joint-meeting, from August 30, 1776 to October 29, 1799. p. 4.
  15. Report p. 122
  16. Sobel pp. 1007–1008
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  19. New Jersey Legislature. Minutes and proceedings of the Council and General Assembly of the state of New-Jersey, in joint-meeting, from August 30, 1776 to October 29, 1799. p. 25.
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  21. "Thomas Henderson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  22. New Jersey Legislature. Minutes and proceedings of the Council and General Assembly of the state of New-Jersey, in joint-meeting, from August 30, 1776 to October 29, 1799. p. 27.
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  25. "Richard Howell". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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  27. "Joseph Bloomfield". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  28. "Bloomfield becomes governor October 31". Aurora General Advertiser. 1801-11-06. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  29. Sobel pp. 1010–1011
  30. "John Lambert". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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  36. "Aaron Ogden". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  37. Journal of the Proceedings of the Legislative-Council of the State of New-Jersey. 1812. pp. 246–247.
  38. Sobel p. 1012
  39. "William Sanford Pennington". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  40. Journal of the Proceedings of the Legislative-Council of the State of New-Jersey. 1813. pp. 274–275.
  41. Report pp. 125–126
  42. Sobel p. 1013
  43. "Mahlon Dickerson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  44. New Jersey Legislature (1816). Journal of the Senate of the State of New Jersey. p. 326. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  45. Sobel pp. 1013–1014
  46. "Issac Halsted Williamson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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  49. Birkner, Michael (1984). Samuel L. Southard: Jeffersonian Whig. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-8386-3160-7. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
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  53. "Wall elected October 30". Burlington Weekly Free Press. 1829-11-13. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  54. New Jersey (1829). Journal of the proceedings of the Legislative-Council of the State of New-Jersey. p. 9.
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  57. "Peter Dumont Vroom". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  58. "Vroom elected governor November 6". The United States Gazette. 1829-11-10. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  59. Sobel pp. 1015–1016
  60. "Samuel Lewis Southard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  61. "Southard elected governor October 26". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1832-10-27. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  62. Sobel p. 1016
  63. "Elias Pettit Seeley". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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  65. "Vroom elected October 25". Alexandria Gazette. 1833-10-29. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  66. "Vroom resigned, Dickerson elected November 3". Niles National Register. 1836-11-12. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
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  68. "Philemon Dickerson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  69. Sobel p. 1017
  70. "Pennington elected October 27". Illinois State Register. 1837-11-17. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  71. Sobel p. 1018
  72. "Daniel Haines". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  73. "Haines elected October 27". The Baltimore Sun. 1843-10-30. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
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  75. "Charles Creighton Stratton". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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  77. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1848. 101. Accessed May 1, 2023.
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  79. "George Franklin Fort". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  80. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1851. 94. Accessed May 1, 2023.
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  82. "Rodman M. Price". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  83. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1854. 56. Accessed May 1, 2023.
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  85. "William Augustus Newell". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  86. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1857. 44. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  87. Sobel p. 1021
  88. "Charles Smith Olden". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  89. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1860. 40. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  90. Sobel pp. 1021–1022
  91. "Joel Parker". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  92. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1863. 20. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  93. Sobel p. 1022
  94. "Marcus Lawrence Ward". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  95. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1866. 29. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  96. Sobel p. 1023
  97. "Theodore Fitz Randolph". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  98. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1869. 26. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  99. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1872. 39. Accessed May 1, 2023.
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  101. "Joseph Dorsett Bedle". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  102. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1875. 58. Accessed May 2, 2023.
  103. Sobel pp. 1024–1025
  104. "George Brinton McClellan". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  105. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1878. 78. Accessed May 2, 2023.
  106. Sobel p. 1025
  107. "George Craig Ludlow". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  108. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1881. 58. Accessed May 2, 2023.
  109. Sobel pp. 1025–1026
  110. "Leon Abbett". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  111. "Governor Abbett's Inaugural". Retrieved 2023-05-02.
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  113. "Robert Stockton Green". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  114. "Green inaugurated January 18". Retrieved 2023-05-02.
  115. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1890. 72. Accessed May 2, 2023.
  116. Sobel pp. 1027–1028
  117. "George Theodore Werts". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  118. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1893. 94. Accessed May 2, 2023.
  119. Sobel p. 1028
  120. "John William Griggs". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  121. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1896. 64. Accessed May 2, 2023.
  122. Sobel p. 1029
  123. "Foster McGowan Voorhees". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  124. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1898. 68. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  125. "Foster McGowan Voorhees" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  126. Sobel pp. 1029–1030
  127. "David Ogden Watkins". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  128. "Voorhees' Resignation". Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  129. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1899. 30. Accessed May 2, 2023.
  130. Lundy et al. (1905) p. 16
  131. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 22
  132. "Governor's Oaths". New Jersey Department of State. Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  133. Sobel p. 1030
  134. "Franklin Murphy". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  135. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1902. 37. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  136. Lundy et al. (1905) p. 284
  137. Sobel p. 1031
  138. "Edward Casper Stokes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  139. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1905. 35. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  140. Sobel pp. 1031–1032
  141. "John Franklin Fort". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  142. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1908. 70. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  143. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 252
  144. Sobel pp. 1032–1033
  145. "Thomas Woodrow Wilson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  146. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1911. 57. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  147. Documents of the One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Legislature of the State of New Jersey and the Sixty-Eighth Under the New Constitution. Vol. I. Trenton, New Jersey: State Gazette Publishing Company. 1912. p. 475. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  148. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 262
  149. Kerney p. 140
  150. Kerney p. 141
  151. Sobel p. 1033
  152. "James Fairman Fielder". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  153. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1913. 464. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  154. "James Fairman Fielder" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  155. Sobel p. 1034
  156. "Leon R. Taylor". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  157. "Taylor Sworn In Today As Head of N.J. Government". Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  158. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1914. 33. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  159. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 361
  160. Congress, United States (1920). Official Congressional Directory, 2nd Edition, February 1920. p. 64. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  161. Jersey, New (1916). Acts of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey. pp. 1009–1010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  162. Sobel pp. 1034–1035
  163. "Walter Evans Edge". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  164. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1917. 30. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  165. Sobel p. 1035
  166. "William Nelson Runyon". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  167. "The News 16 May 1919, page 4". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  168. Sobel p. 1036
  169. "Clarence Edwards Case". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  170. "Runyon Pleads in Legislature for Dry State". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  171. Sobel pp. 1036–1037
  172. "Edward Irving Edwards". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  173. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1920. 204. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  174. Sobel p. 1037
  175. "George Sebastian Silzer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  176. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1923. 60. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  177. Sobel p. 1038
  178. "Arthur Harry Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  179. "Inaugurated Today with Much Pomp, New Governor Moore Suggests Plan to Fight Anthracite Coal Trust". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  180. Sobel p. 1039
  181. "Morgan Foster Larson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  182. "Larson Is Inaugurated As Governor of State With Full Ceremonies". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  183. "Governor, Sworn In, Asks Halt in Highway Work, Park Plans; Would Give Town $16,500,000". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  184. "Powell To Be Sworn As Jersey's Governor Today". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  185. Sobel pp. 1039–1040
  186. "Horace Griggs Prall". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  187. "Prall in 2 Offices". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  188. Sobel pp. 1040–1041
  189. "Harold Giles Hoffman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  190. "Hoffman Becomes Governor". Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  191. "Moore Inaugurated Governor Third Time". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  192. Sobel pp. 1041–1042
  193. "Charles Edison". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  194. "Edison Takes Oath As New Governor". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  195. "State Leaders Pay Tributes To Marsh". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  196. Sobel pp. 1042–1043
  197. "Alfred Eastlack Driscoll". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  198. "Driscoll Sworn As Governor; Talk Praised". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  199. Sobel pp. 1043–1044
  200. "Robert Baumie Meyner". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  201. "Jubilant Democrats See Meyner Become Governor". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  202. Sobel pp. 1044–1045
  203. "Richard Joseph Hughes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  204. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1962. 59. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  205. Sobel p. 1045
  206. "William T. Cahill". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  207. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1970. [https://archive.org/details/journalofsenateo00newj_9/page/128 129. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  208. Sobel pp. 1045–1046
  209. "Brendan Thomas Byrne". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  210. Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New Jersey, 1974. 45. Accessed May 3, 2023.
  211. "Thomas H. Kean". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  212. "Party over, Kean rolls up sleeves". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  213. "Jim Florio". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  214. "Florio's turn - 49th governor stresses need for new ideas". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  215. "Christine Todd Whitman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  216. "Whitman vows retroactive tax cut". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  217. "Donald T. DiFrancesco". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  218. "2009 New Jersey Code :: TITLE 52 - STATE GOVERNMENT, DEPARTMENTS AND OFFICERS :: Section 52:15 :: 52:15-5 - Title and signature of acting governor; continuous service of at least 180 days confers title of Governor".
  219. David Kocieniewski (January 8, 2002). "Newark Stadium Bill Dies in Final Session". The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2010. During the 90 minutes between Mr. DiFrancesco's departure and Mr. Bennett's swearing in, Attorney General John J. Farmer Jr. will formally hold the title of acting governor.
  220. "John O. Bennett". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  221. "GOP lawmaker takes helm for three-day term". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  222. David Kocieniewski (January 12, 2002). "The Hours of Power of an Acting Governor: Deconstructing Bennett's 3-Day Legacy". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  223. "Richard J. Codey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  224. "Richard Codey becomes fourth acting governor in five days". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  225. "James E. McGreevey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  226. "Inaugural address offers few specifics". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  227. "Codey to put 'new face' on state's government". November 16, 2004. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  228. "Jon Corzine". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  229. "His goal: no more politics as usual". January 18, 2006. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  230. David W. Chen (May 6, 2007). "Corzine to Resume Duties as Governor on Monday". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
  231. "New Jersey's New Senate President Fills in for Corzine". WNYC. January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  232. "Christopher Christie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  233. "Inaugural day begins at Newark cathedral". January 20, 2010. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  234. "Phil Murphy". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  235. Racioppi, Dustin (January 16, 2018). "Phil Murphy becomes governor of New Jersey, plans new direction for state". Retrieved 2023-05-05.
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