Haplogroup HIJK
Haplogroup HIJK, defined by the SNPs F929, M578, PF3494 and S6397,[2] is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. Like its parent macrohaplogroup GHIJK, Haplogroup HIJK and its subclades comprise the vast majority of the world's male population.
| Haplogroup HIJK | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | approx. 49,000-59,000 BP+ BCE (i.e. similar to estimates for Haplogroups GHIJK, H and IJK)[1] |
| Possible place of origin | Western Eurasia, Western Europe |
| Ancestor | Haplogroup GHIJK |
| Descendants | H, IJK |
| Defining mutations | F929/M578/PF3494/S6397[2] |
HIJK branches subsequently into two direct descendants: IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) and H (L901/M2939). IJK in turn splits into IJ (F-L15) and K (M9). The descendants of Haplogroup IJ are haplogroups I and J, while Haplogroup K is, ultimately, the ancestor of major haplogroups M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, L, and T.
Distribution
The basal paragroup HIJK* has been found in Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and the basal IJK was found in an Upper Paleolithic European (Gravettian), Vestonice16.[3]
Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations.
South Asia was where Haplogroup H (L901/M2939) almost certainly originated, and became concentrated before the mass migrations of the modern era. South Asia was also where two haplogroups descended ultimately from IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) remained concentrated and/or prominent, namely Haplogroups L and R.
Males belonging to other subclades of IJK are concentrated in, for example:
- Europe and Central Asia (e. g. haplogroups I, J, N, Q and R);
- the Middle East and North East Africa (e. g. haplogroups J and T);
- South Asia (e.g. haplogroups H, J, L and R);
- Southeast Asia and East Asia (e.g. haplogroup N, O, P)
- Oceania (e. g. haplogroups P, K, M, O and S) and;
- many Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q).
Footnotes
- "www.nature.com" (PDF).
- ISOGG, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 (8 September 2015).
- Fu, Q.; Posth, C.; Hajdinjak, M.; Petr, M.; Mallick, S.; Fernandes, D.; Furtwängler, A.; Haak, W.; Meyer, M.; Mittnik, A.; Nickel, B.; Peltzer, A.; Rohland, N.; Slon, V.; Talamo, S.; Lazaridis, I.; Lipson, M.; Mathieson, I.; Schiffels, S.; Skoglund, P.; Derevianko, A. P.; Drozdov, N.; Slavinsky, V.; Tsybankov, A.; Cremonesi, R. G.; Mallegni, F.; Gély, B.; Vacca, E.; González Morales, M. R.; et al. (2016). "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe". Nature. 534 (7606): 200–205. Bibcode:2016Natur.534..200F. doi:10.1038/nature17993. PMC 4943878. PMID 27135931.
See also
Genetics
- Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
- Genetic Genealogy
- Genetic history of the Middle East
- Haplogroup
- Haplotype
- Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
- Molecular phylogenetics
- Paragroup
- Subclade
- Y-chromosomal Aaron
- Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
- Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia