List of countries by incarceration rate

This is a list of countries and some dependent territories and subnational areas by incarceration rate.[1]

Prison population rates from World Prison Brief. See date on map.

Incarceration totals, rates, demographics

The World Prison Brief (WPB) may or may not incorporate juvenile incarceration numbers into the totals for each country, dependent territory, or subnational area. The date for each item below is the latest available to WPB at the time the data was copied here. See the individual WPB country and subnational area pages for more info on dates, juvenile numbers, and much more.[1] N/A below means that the data is not available (NA) in the info provided by WPB.

* indicates "Incarceration in LOCATION" or "Crime in LOCATION" links.
Note: For the UK as a whole see #United Kingdom in notes section.

Incarceration populations and rates. From World Prison Brief
Location Region Count[2] Rate per 100,000 [3] Male (%)[lower-alpha 1] Female (%)[4] National (%)[lower-alpha 2] Foreign (%)[5] Occupancy (%)[6] Remand (%)[7]
 
 Afghanistan *Asia28,2407797.42.699.10.9179.931.3
 Albania *Europe5,11218398.02.098.11.984.750.7
 AlgeriaAfrica94,74921798.51.596.23.889.312.0
 American SamoaOceania30153895.94.137.862.2166.214.9
 AndorraEurope465891.18.941.158.930.357.1
 AngolaAfrica24,9667997.32.7110.845.8
 AnguillaAmericas55367100.00.070.929.191.745.5
 Antigua and BarbudaAmericas23824395.24.869.430.6191.337.0
 Argentina *Americas114,07424995.24.893.56.5122.145.9
 Armenia *Asia2,1137196.83.294.85.241.141.0
 ArubaAmericas17016596.53.551.948.168.416.6
 Australia * [Note]Oceania42,40316592.37.782.917.1112.231.9
 Austria *Europe8,6459693.46.646.853.295.721.0
 Azerbaijan *Asia22,33422097.12.997.92.182.716.9
 BahamasAmericas1,61740996.93.1177.842.0
 Bahrain *Asia3,48523495.34.776.323.7110.225.7
 Bangladesh *Asia81,1564696.13.999.40.6195.881.3
 BarbadosAmericas76926797.42.686.213.870.754.7
 BelarusEurope32,55634589.210.896.93.183.416.6
 Belgium *Europe10,6149195.64.455.844.2120.637.6
 Belize *Americas1,11427197.22.888.911.187.340.0
 Benin *Africa13,00910396.73.3151.375.8
 BermudaAmericas12420097.12.988.511.559.720.2
 Bhutan *Asia1,11914595.74.393.26.8
 Bolivia *Americas20,86417592.08.096.73.3363.967.2
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope1,8138396.83.296.43.6102.119.8
 Republika SrpskaEurope5544698.11.997.62.450.914.4
 BotswanaAfrica3,88216295.34.768.431.6100.924.5
 Brazil *Americas835,64338995.14.999.70.3151.930.1
 BruneiAsia84118688.111.970.829.2143.87.1
 Bulgaria *Europe6,3849397.03.097.03.080.919.1
 Burkina FasoAfrica7,4013598.02.095.94.1156.640.5
 BurundiAfrica12,4488894.25.898.81.2304.339.3
 Cambodia *Asia39,00022991.88.296.33.7206.171.9
 CameroonAfrica32,00311697.32.795.14.9171.458.1
 Canada *Americas32,2618594.45.6102.239.0
 Cape Verde *Africa1,54929697.12.9109.431.7
 Cayman IslandsAmericas20531293.26.869.230.8102.129.6
 Central African RepublicAfrica1,2912691.88.270.2
 ChadAfrica8,7005997.62.498.71.3232.363.4
 Chile *Americas45,13524092.97.196.63.4100.435.9
 China * [Note]Asia1,690,00011991.68.499.60.4
 Colombia *Americas98,24219292.87.298.71.3121.224.1
 ComorosAfrica3874397.82.292.37.7161.729.0
 CongoAfrica1,3882796.33.7616.960.0
 Cook IslandsOceania4722491.78.3100.00.050.014.6
 Costa Rica *Americas15,51630194.65.486.913.1129.114.4
 Ivory Coast *Africa23,0008597.62.470.030.0196.940.7
 CroatiaEurope3,9559994.75.394.35.787.131.0
 Cuba * [Note]Americas57,337510
 CuraçaoAmericas42926196.83.263.941.0
 CyprusAsia7168094.65.453.746.3108.832.4
 Czech Republic *Europe19,21517991.88.292.08.097.08.0
 DR Congo *Africa22,8202497.03.073.0
 Denmark *Europe4,2487295.64.469.930.198.938.2
 DjiboutiAfrica6627195.05.0171.435.8
 DominicaAmericas20627599.50.598.11.973.023.7
 Dominican Republic *Americas26,23823197.22.891.98.1183.261.4
 Ecuador *Americas32,32517893.36.791.98.1133.237.0
 Egypt *Africa119,00011796.33.799.01.09.9
 El Salvador *Americas39,53860592.57.598.71.3215.224.4
 England and Wales * [Note]Europe82,17613696.04.087.812.2101.415.4
 Equatorial GuineaAfrica5006395.05.0
 Eritrea [Note]Africa
 Estonia *Europe2,05715596.13.964.535.576.619.2
 EswatiniAfrica3,36224497.12.994.06.0133.118.1
 Ethiopia *Africa110,0009995.84.214.9
 Faroe IslandsEurope1121100.00.078.232.1
 FijiOceania2,37925697.52.598.81.2137.924.0
 Finland *Europe2,8275191.78.382.917.1101.123.6
 France *Europe72,35010696.73.377.922.1103.432.4
 French GuianaAmericas83326192.77.337.063.097.927.9
 French PolynesiaOceania59520895.84.2102.219.0
 GabonAfrica5,22622897.82.280.2
 GambiaAfrica5432297.52.533.366.7172.522.2
 GeorgiaAsia9,70226696.43.694.15.978.320.7
 Germany *Europe56,5576794.45.676.024.078.720.6
 Ghana *Africa14,4444598.81.292.87.2155.512.2
 Gibraltar *Europe9227392.97.166.133.957.126.8
 Greece *Europe11,13110595.54.545.154.9113.226.6
 Greenland *Americas13123386.213.899.10.976.831.7
 GrenadaAmericas36532398.61.496.93.1233.820.4
 Guadeloupe *Americas85719196.83.2119.627.0
 GuamOceania70040892.87.269.031.0126.245.1
 Guatemala *Americas24,31013088.811.296.83.2372.049.6
 GuernseyEurope8412794.65.490.39.779.115.1
 GuineaAfrica4,3753497.03.097.32.7156.860.0
 Guinea-BissauAfrica5963197.42.692.97.1102.267.9
 Guyana *Americas1,88923997.22.898.51.5142.439.5
 Haiti *Americas11,2539895.84.2454.475.0
 Honduras *Americas20,76820694.35.798.71.3204.054.1
 Hong Kong *Asia7,86710679.920.170.129.974.029.9
 Hungary *Europe18,80019492.37.795.14.9111.616.6
 IcelandEurope1403792.47.678.521.568.213.2
 India *Asia554,0344095.84.298.81.2118.569.1
 Indonesia *Asia275,5189995.05.099.60.4188.719.4
 Iran *Asia189,00022896.93.197.12.9153.025.1
 IraqAsia73,71517997.42.6139.235.2
 IrelandEurope4,2468396.13.986.413.685.817.5
 Isle of ManEurope10912695.34.791.58.576.86.6
 Israel *Asia14,96116899.01.061.138.980.125.2
 Italy *Europe56,5249795.84.267.832.2106.231.3
 Jamaica *Americas3,71913096.13.998.91.188.832.3
 Japan *Asia45,7143691.88.294.35.756.612.1
 JerseyEurope14613595.74.374.825.269.528.1
 JordanAsia17,70817497.82.290.19.9150.236.9
 KazakhstanAsia35,22818492.97.194.25.862.419.7
 Kenya *Africa58,88710793.36.799.40.6190.544.1
 KiribatiOceania12911399.20.8100.00.0112.85.4
 Kosovo *Europe1,6429397.32.794.35.797.129.6
 Kuwait *Asia4,42011194.25.886.513.5134.110.0
 KyrgyzstanAsia10,14216195.84.296.83.261.716.6
 Laos *Asia11,88516686.313.767.0
 Latvia *Europe3,16916991.48.698.11.968.827.8
 LebanonAsia7,40111096.83.264.036.0286.662.9
 Lesotho *Africa2,21610496.43.699.10.970.619.5
 Liberia *Africa2,9255697.22.898.02.0222.164.0
 LibyaAfrica12,30017698.81.287.212.8141.690.0
 LiechtensteinEurope1128100.00.025.075.045.075.0
 LithuaniaEurope5,08918295.34.797.92.183.211.8
 LuxembourgEurope68510695.24.825.374.773.741.0
 Macau *Asia1,40120987.812.229.370.782.818.9
 MadagascarAfrica27,6119794.25.899.90.1237.456.8
 MalawiAfrica14,5007198.91.199.80.2200.917.8
 Malaysia *Asia76,33622995.54.579.520.5131.926.7
 Maldives *Asia1,70031495.74.398.91.1127.7
 MaliAfrica8,6704097.22.8223.352.8
 MaltaEurope82115992.97.144.355.788.633.9
 Marshall IslandsOceania3566100.00.097.211.4
 MartiniqueAmericas91923997.12.996.937.0
 Mauritania *Africa2,0234398.21.888.811.2101.838.2
 Mauritius *Africa2,38618493.96.193.66.4116.959.4
 MayotteAfrica51918099.70.3127.556.5
 Mexico *Americas230,00017494.55.598.81.298.241.7
 MicronesiaOceania132127100.00.088.016.7
 Moldova *Europe6,46118394.25.898.81.297.715.3
 MonacoEurope133385.714.34.895.29.576.2
 MongoliaAsia5,83218395.24.899.60.4124.426.6
 Montenegro *Europe92915097.42.684.715.380.329.2
 MoroccoAfrica88,94124097.72.398.61.4136.939.1
 MozambiqueAfrica18,7005697.12.998.51.5210.733.1
 Myanmar *Asia100,32418387.712.399.30.7139.415.1
 Namibia *Africa8,90031897.12.994.55.572.754.0
 Nauru *Oceania1414092.97.193.36.714.025.0
 Nepal *Asia25,4008394.45.694.75.3153.755.1
 NetherlandsEurope11,6236694.55.577.122.974.429.2
 New CaledoniaOceania61921298.91.1106.312.1
 New Zealand *Oceania7,96415593.46.697.03.093.836.5
 NicaraguaAmericas20,91833294.65.497.12.9177.621.4
 NigerAfrica9,1873996.83.2101.653.8
 Nigeria *Africa74,3673498.11.999.70.3146.872.7
 North Korea * [Note]Asia
 North MacedoniaEurope2,22010796.73.393.36.772.013.7
 Northern Ireland * [Note]Europe1,6678897.32.788.411.679.934.1
 Northern Mariana IslandsOceania17531394.25.853.8
 Norway *Europe3,0095593.76.371.029.073.025.2
 Oman *Asia1,9604695.54.569.730.35.6
 Pakistan *Asia85,6703898.41.698.81.2133.862.1
 PalauOceania7742895.74.393.56.5162.14.1
 Panama *Americas21,11347894.85.289.910.1124.639.2
 Papua New Guinea *Oceania5,0875895.14.999.60.4116.534.4
 Paraguay *Americas16,65622994.15.995.84.2143.177.3
 Peru *Americas90,29326494.55.597.62.4240.337.0
 Philippines *Asia166,91215289.011.099.70.3463.675.1
 Poland *Europe71,86619195.44.698.21.884.312.8
 Portugal *Europe12,39612093.07.085.015.088.919.0
 Puerto Rico *Americas8,88427896.33.786.313.1
 Qatar *Asia1,1505385.314.726.773.344.0
 South Korea *Asia53,92010592.77.395.34.7112.035.1
 RéunionAfrica1,17913097.42.689.121.5
 Romania *Europe23,04612295.44.699.01.0120.510.4
 Russia *Europe439,45330491.78.393.86.267.823.3
 RwandaAfrica76,09958092.67.499.70.3101.37.5
 SamoaOceania35817994.06.099.50.5121.214.0
 San MarinoEurope926100.00.0100.00.016.70.0
 São Tomé and PríncipeAfrica26011596.04.099.20.8126.532.8
 Saudi Arabia *Asia68,05620798.11.951.049.048.3
 Scotland * [Note]Europe7,32813496.04.096.13.986.626.5
 SenegalAfrica12,4306797.32.789.310.7129.739.7
 Serbia *Europe10,55715595.94.197.12.9105.615.6
 SeychellesAfrica31731793.76.398.71.353.812.5
 Sierra LeoneAfrica4,4305498.51.599.50.5220.229.5
 Singapore *Asia10,26216988.911.189.011.079.210.6
 Sint MaartenAmericas7717995.05.079.820.2125.418.1
 Slovakia *Europe9,93918292.67.498.02.089.615.3
 Slovenia *Europe1,4476895.24.870.229.884.426.0
 Solomon IslandsOceania5007998.31.799.01.077.746.8
 Somalia [Note]Africa
 South Africa *Africa144,93823997.42.692.57.5124.835.7
 South SudanAfrica7,0005089.110.928.9
 Spain *Europe55,09311692.67.471.928.177.916.0
 Sri Lanka *Asia22,00010295.14.998.61.4190.658.9
 Saint Kitts and Nevis *Americas18434796.43.697.92.1144.030.5
 Saint Lucia *Americas48426397.52.597.03.0105.453.5
 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesAmericas38534796.63.496.23.879.824.3
 Sudan *Africa21,0005298.02.099.01.0255.320.4
 Suriname *Americas1,00018597.22.880.719.375.250.0
 Sweden *Europe7,7137494.45.677.922.1101.627.2
 Switzerland *Europe6,3107294.25.830.469.693.542.2
 SyriaAsia10,5996092.67.492.77.365.650.5
 Taiwan *Asia55 76123791.09.099.30.7114.84.1
 TajikistanAsia14 00014198.41.695.14.961.515.0
 TanzaniaAfrica33,5705296.63.496.33.7115.751.0
 Thailand *Asia285,57241187.812.295.64.4339.119.2
 East TimorAsia7635595.94.196.23.8185.323.2
 TogoAfrica4,9905997.03.094.85.2194.064.2
 Tonga *Oceania17616695.54.5100.00.081.57.4
 Trinidad and Tobago *Americas3,80227697.12.999.20.881.859.7
 TunisiaAfrica23,48419697.22.8118.557.0
 Turkey *Asia314,50237496.13.996.73.3125.643.1
 TurkmenistanAsia35,00057693.56.599.30.785.014.0
 Tuvalu *Oceania11110100.00.0100.00.00.0
 UgandaAfrica70,53514495.54.597.72.3319.249.8
 Ukraine *Europe48,03812396.13.998.31.768.337.2
 United Arab Emirates *Asia9,82610488.311.712.287.8158.938.2
 United States * [Note]Americas1,675,40050589.810.292.77.395.623.3
 UruguayAmericas14,34740894.65.497.22.899.322.3
 UzbekistanAsia22,8676880.010.0
 VanuatuOceania1956597.52.597.52.5106.715.3
 Venezuela *Americas67,20019994.35.797.82.2167.761.3
 Vietnam *Asia125,69713089.310.799.60.412.4
 British Virgin IslandsAmericas14344795.54.590.037.0
 U.S. Virgin IslandsAmericas35934597.32.784.315.7162.536.4
 Yemen *Asia9,7193598.41.696.83.270.1
 ZambiaAfrica23,06211797.03.097.92.1247.817.6
 Zimbabwe *Africa20,89811597.62.498.11.9129.418.6
  1. 100 - female
  2. 100 - foreign

Territories or other subnational areas

To keep the above chart compact the country names were stripped from the territories or other subnational areas. Here is that info as provided by World Prison Brief:

Territory or other subnational area.  
 American Samoa (USA)
 Anguilla (United Kingdom)
 Aruba (Netherlands)
 Bermuda (United Kingdom)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federation
 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Republika Srpska
 Cayman Islands (United Kingdom)
 Cook Islands (New Zealand)
 Curaçao (Netherlands)
 Faeroe Islands (Denmark)
 French Guiana/Guyane (France)
 French Polynesia (France)
 Gibraltar (United Kingdom)
 Greenland (Denmark)
 Guadeloupe (France)
 Guam (USA)
 Guernsey (United Kingdom)
 Hong Kong (China)
 Jersey (United Kingdom)
 Macau (China)
 Martinique (France)
 Mayotte (France)
 New Caledonia (France)
 Northern Mariana Islands (USA)
 Puerto Rico (USA)
 Reunion (France)
 Sint Maarten (Netherlands)
 United Kingdom: England & Wales
 United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
 United Kingdom: Scotland
 United States of America
 Virgin Islands (United Kingdom)
 Virgin Islands (USA)

Notes

Australia

In addition to the numbers referenced in the main table,[8] see info about additional detainees, and alleged detainees, at Immigration detention in Australia and Punishment in Australia.

China

In addition to the numbers referenced in the main table,[9] see info about additional detainees, and alleged detainees, at Re-education through labor, Laogai, and Xinjiang internment camps.

Cuba

In addition to the numbers referenced in the main table,[10] see info about additional detainees, and alleged detainees, at Human rights in Cuba. Also at Law enforcement in Cuba.

Eritrea

World Prison Brief has limited info on Eritrea.[11]

North Korea

World Prison Brief has limited info on North Korea.[12] See info about detainees, and alleged detainees, at Prisons in North Korea.

Somalia

World Prison Brief has limited info on Somalia.[13]

United Kingdom

See also #Territories or other subnational areas higher up.

The data source (World Prison Brief) does not list an incarceration rate for the United Kingdom as a whole, with its territories, and other subnational areas, etc.. In the main table see England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, British Virgin Islands. A rate for the United Kingdom as a whole can be calculated by adding up their prison populations, and then dividing by their combined population.

United States

Juvenile detention in the US[14]
YearMaleFemaleTotal
199790,77114,284105,055
199992,98514,508107,493
200189,11515,104104,219
200381,97514,55696,531
200678,99813,72392,721
200775,01711,79786,814
201061,3599,43470,793
201153,0798,34461,423
201346,4217,72754,148
201540,7507,29348,043
201736,9826,59843,580
201931,0645,41536,479

The incarceration rate (per 100,000 population of all ages) is for inmates held in adult facilities in the United States. It does not include inmates in the custody of correctional facilities operated by departments of corrections in U.S. territories (American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and U.S. commonwealths (Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico).[15][16]

In addition, there were 36,479 juveniles in juvenile detention in 2019.[14] For more juvenile detention information and numbers, see Youth incarceration in the United States.

The incarceration rate in the U.S. varies greatly by U.S. state. See: List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate. It also breaks it down to male and female incarceration rates by state. See also: Incarceration of women in the United States.

See also

References

  1. Highest to Lowest. World Prison Brief (WPB). Use dropdown menu to choose lists of countries by region, or the whole world. Use menu to select highest-to-lowest lists of prison population totals, prison population rates, percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate. Column headings in WPB tables can be clicked to reorder columns lowest to highest, or alphabetically. For detailed information for each country click on any country name in lists. The individual country pages also give the date of the data. See also the WPB main data page and click on the map links and/or the sidebar links to get to the region and country desired. Please update the tables here only from this WPB source.
  2. "Highest to Lowest - Prison Population Total | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  3. "Highest to Lowest - Prison Population Rate | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  4. "Highest to Lowest - Female prisoners (percentage of prison population) | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  5. "Highest to Lowest - Foreign prisoners (percentage of prison population) | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  6. "Highest to Lowest - Occupancy level (based on official capacity) | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  7. "Highest to Lowest - Pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  8. Australia. By World Prison Brief.
  9. China. By World Prison Brief.
  10. Cuba. By World Prison Brief.
  11. Eritrea. World Prison Brief.
  12. North Korea. By World Prison Brief.
  13. Somalia. World Prison Brief.
  14. Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. "Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Click "National Crosstabs" at the top, and then choose the census years. Click "Show table" to get the total number of juvenile inmates for those years. Or go here for all years. And here.
  15. United States of America. By World Prison Brief.
  16. Correctional Populations in the United States, 2016 Archived 2018-06-12 at the Wayback Machine (NCJ 251211). Published April 2018 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Danielle Kaeble and Mary Cowhig, BJS statisticians. See PDF Archived 2018-06-16 at the Wayback Machine. Appendix table 1 on page 11 has rates and counts by state. See page 1 "highlights" section for the "1 in ..." numbers. See table 4 on page 4 for a timeline of nationwide incarceration rates. See appendix table 3 on page 13, for "Persons held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, 2000, 2010, and 2015–2016". That table also has incarceration rates. See appendix table 2 on page 12 for the number or persons incarcerated in territorial prisons, military facilities, and jails in Indian country.
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