Indiewood

Indiewood (also known as "speciality", "alternative", "indie" or "quality")[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] films are those made outside of the Hollywood studio system or traditional arthouse/ independent filmmaking yet managed to be produced, financed and distributed by the two with varying degrees of success and/or failure.[8]

Background

Throughout the middle of the 1990s the word 'Indiewood' (aka "indie boom" or "indie film movement")[9][10][4][11] was invented to describe a component of the spectrum of American films in which distinctions exist, it seemed as if Hollywood and the independent sector had become blurred.[12][13][14][15][16][4] The American independent film, prior to the 1980s,[17][18] was previously associated with b movies, blaxploitation films, avant-garde underground cinema (when it was known as the New American Cinema)[19] and social realist dramas.[20][21][22][23]

Indiewood divisions gain from expert experience of the niche industry by hiring leading independent personalities such as Harvey Weinstein[11] from the Disney fold after the exit of the Weinsteins,[24][25] and James Schamus, former joint head of Good Machine, at Focus Features.[26]

Other "mini-major" subdivisions included Searchlight Pictures, Fine Line Features (established by New Line Cinema), Lionsgate, NEON, A24, Paramount Vantage, Summit Entertainment, Orion Pictures, Samuel Goldwyn Company, Warner Independent, Picturehouse, United Artists (first founded in 1919 as an independent studio that allowed more creative freedom for former silent film stars like Mary Pickford and Charles Chaplin), Blumhouse, Cannon Films and Sony Pictures Classics.[27][2][28][9][29][30][31][32][33][34]

Differences from Hollywood

The films are often made for far less money than Hollywood films,[35][11][36] and each aspect of the filmmaking process has to undergo less scrutiny by committees. Additionally, within the Indiewood approach the filmmaker can take as long as they need in the post-production phase of their film - whereas in Hollywood they are contracted to finish the film in a specific period of time (usually 10 weeks). In Hollywood, the film then goes on to show in focus group screenings on the studio lot. In Indiewood, the filmmakers can determine the next steps of the film. They also bear striking similarities to as well as were influenced by the "proto-indies" of the 1960s such as Robert Downey Sr's still image film Chafed Elbows (1966), John Cassavetes's Academy Award-nominated Faces and Brian de Palma's Greetings (each from 1968) which in turn were influenced by the culture of The Beat Generation, the polar opposite to the conformist, gray-flannel conformity of 1950s America.[37][23]

Most Indiewood films are first shown at film festivals with the hopes of further distribution by being picked up (or purchased) by a larger film company or distributor alongside awards consideration (e.g. 2009's A Single Man).[38]

List of selected Indiewood/Indie filmmakers

[11][33][39][59][7][44]

[17][22][43][23][33][61][59][40][44]

[126][32][81][66][55][64][23][127][59]

[42][64][11][23][33][40]

[68][32][83][81][42][64][11][17][43][61][59]

[42][11][43][23][71][59][7][44]

[64][48][43][39][67][76][44]

[33][60][44]

[32][66][151][64][70][48][43][33][59]

[81][66][55][64][48][43][23][33][44]

[159][66][64][59][130]

[10][149][81][66][151][42][64][11][50][48][23][33]

[10][79][5][140][55][64][23][33][59]

[43][39][67][44]

List of selected notable and important Indiewood/Indie films

Pre-1950s

1950s

1960s

1970s

[33][200][59][44]

1980s

[64][135][11][80][94][43][23][33][61]

[42][64][21][135][11][80][94][43][33]

[94][21][22][43][33][61][59]

[135][21][39][67]

[68][32][81][66][151][42][64][135][11][80][59]

[94][48][21][158][43][23][33][123][44]

1990s

[6][55][64][80][33][59][44]

[70][23][33][59]

[6][55][233][64][48][22][33][59]

[233][64][80][94][48][70][33]

[4][232][139][30][6][80][22][23][33]

[80][48][153][33][59][44]

2000s

[66][80][94][70][22][33][59]±

[73][233][64][238][80][70][22][153][33][59]

2010s

2020s

Notes

See also

References

  1. Oscar nominations see shift away from major Hollywood studios - News - University of Liverpool
  2. Academy Award nominations 2020: The return of the "quality" Hollywood studio film - News - University of Liverpool
  3. The Sundance Kids - Google Books (ch."Section II: Indiewood")
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  17. 50 Best '80s Movies to Watch Right Now|Time Out
  18. Louie Maple teams a young Susan Sarandon with an aging Burt Lancaster|The A.V. Club
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  35. How Indiewood gatecrashed the Oscars|Financial Times
  36. How an Unlikely Hollywood Juggernaut Came to Rule Netflix|WIRED
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  41. How the New Queer Cinema Shaped the '90s Indie Film Boom - Yahoo Finance
  42. History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 3) - Sundance Guiide
  43. Outsider Features - Google Books
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  46. Indie Reframed: Women's Filmmaking and Contemporary American Independent Cinema on JSTOR
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  48. The 25 Essential American Indie Films, 1988-2013 - Flavorwire
  49. Focus Features Sets Indie 'Pariah' for Christmas Day Limited Release|FirstShowing.net
  50. US Independent Film After 1989 - Google Books
  51. Stumbling Out of the Gate - Critic's Notebook
  52. The Rider: Exclusive trailer for new western hailed best indie of the year|The Independent
  53. Indie Focus: On the road with Frances McDormand in ‘Nomadland’ - Los Angeles Times
  54. The best A24 films to date|EW.com
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  56. Hurray for Indiewood!|Salon.com
  57. 25 Years Later, Charles Burnett and Richard Brooks Reflect on Indie Classic 'To Sleep with Anger'|IndieWire
  58. Criterion Collection: To Sleep with Anger | Blu-Ray Review - IONCINEMA.com
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  60. 25 Great 90s Movies That Time Forgot|Collider
  61. First 80s indie film fest shows movies that paved the way for the indie boom|Movies|The Guardian
  62. Independent Film’s Sorry Quarter Century?|Filmmaker Magazine
  63. History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 8) - Sundance Film Festival
  64. Sundance - A Festival Virgin's Guide (3rd Edition) - Google Books (pgs.72-81)
  65. Tyler Perry: creator of a racial stereotype or the greatest indie film-maker ever?|Comedy films|The Guardian
  66. Top 50 Indie Movies You Need to See Before You Die|Complex
  67. The Fiercely Independent Films Of The 80s Get A Massive Cinefamily Showcase|LAist
  68. Commentary: You're Remembering House Party All Wrong|News|BET
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  70. Not Hollywood - Google Books
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  72. The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  73. History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 7) - Sundance Film Festival
  74. A24's 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Hits Box Office Milestone - Variety
  75. Indie Film Crush, Ahead Of 'Avatar' & Year End, Puts Arthouse Woes On Back Burner – Specialty Preview - Deadline
  76. Daniel Talbot, Iconic Indie Film Distributor and Exhibitor, Dies|The Wrap
  77. Chaos Below Canal|Independent Magazine
  78. Downtown Film and TV Culture 1975-2001 - Google Books (pg.xvi)
  79. 'Major minis' blur line between mainstream and independent - Herald Tribune
  80. The 52 most important American independent movies|The A.V. Club
  81. The 10 Most Underrated American Independent Films of The 1990s – Taste of Cinema
  82. History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 6) - Sundance Guiide
  83. Trainspotting, La La Land, Regal Cinemas to Rerelease Indie Films - Bleeding Cool
  84. iW BOT | The Golden Child: "Juno" Makes Fox Searchlight the 2007 Market-Share Leader, Lures Young Ad|Indiewire
  85. Best Indie Animated Movies of All Time|Collider
  86. The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  87. When the Movies Mattered - Google Books
  88. 10 Great 1980s Indie Movies You May Have Never Seen - Taste of Cinema
  89. Reagan's bastard children: the lost teens of 1980s American indie films|Sight & Sound|BFI
  90. Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Postclassical Hollywood/postmodern subjectivity: representation in some 'Indie/Alternative' Indiewood films
  91. DGA Quarterly Magazine|Fall 2011|Women Directors and Their Films
  92. How Wayne's World Made—and Broke—It's Director's Career|Vanity Fair
  93. THE REAL INDIES: A CLOSE LOOK AT ORPHAN FILMS|Oscars.org
  94. 50 Best Indie Films|GameRadar+
  95. 9 Essential Animated Indie Movies|IndieWire
  96. MUBI Special: Silver Linings: Films by Joan Micklin Silver|MUBI
  97. Animators Unearthed - Michaela Pavlátová|Animation World Network
  98. Know Your Indie Filmmaker:Kōji Yamamura|Cartoon Brew
  99. Mad Eyed Misfits - Google Books
  100. Annie Awards Indie Feature Noms Offer a Diversity of Themes and Styles|Animation World Network
  101. When Indie Animation Won Its First Oscar|Animation Obsessive
  102. 8-Minute Video Boils Down the Essence of Animation Legend Ralph Bakshi - VICE
  103. Don Bluth Goes Independent - AWN.com
  104. Indie Animation - WSJ
  105. HOW THE SECRET OF NIMH PROVED DON BLUTH COULD BEAT DISNEY - Nerdist
  106. The best indie animation of 2015|Sight & Sound|BFI
  107. Check out These Must-See Indie Animated Movies|The Mary Sue
  108. Directing Animation - Google Books (ch.4: "Directing Animation for Indie Films)
  109. Animators Unearthed - Google Books
  110. The Academy To Present ‘Women in Indie Animation’ September 21|Animation World Network
  111. Know Your Indie Filmmaker: Amanda Forbis And Wendy Tilby|Cartoon Brew
  112. Indie Animation King Bill Plympton|Animation Magazine
  113. ICONS OF ANIMATION - THE ART OF ILLUSTRATION|Oscars.org
  114. Animation Outlaws: Spike & Mike Turned Indie Shorts Into a Phenomenom|IndieWire
  115. Top 50 Most-Viewed Indie Animated Shorts On Youtube|Cartoon Brew
  116. Know Your Indie Filmmaker: Priit Pärn (Exclusive Video|Cartoon Brew
  117. Indiewood - Backstage
  118. Acting Indie - Google Books
  119. Documentary, Performance and Risk - Google Books (ch.1 "Theorizing Documentary, Performance and Risk"; section: "American documentary and the rise of 'indie' doc")
  120. Sundance 2021: Coda, One For The Road, and Censor|AV Club
  121. Miranda July: The Quiet Power of Her Indie Movies - MovieWeb
  122. 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Never Seen - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  123. 12 '80s-Era Indie Films to Swap Out for Your Old School Favorites|IndieWire
  124. Inside Indiewood|The Nation
  125. Post-Classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945 - Google Books (pg.237)
  126. Life During Wartime - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  127. 10 great indie Christmas films|BFI
  128. John Waters|Underground Film Journal
  129. Hairspray (1988) 30th Anniversary|Oscars.org
  130. Contemporary American Independent Film - Google Books
  131. Sean Baker reembraces the indie film with 'Red Rocket' - Los Angeles Times
  132. Why Tangerine is the best Christmas movie that's not really about Christmas|EW.com
  133. Alex Ross Perry: 'Avengers: Endgame' Deserves Oscar for Best Picture|IndieWire
  134. 'Midnight Special,' 'Fantastic Planet' and more home theater releases out this week - Los Angeles Times
  135. BAM|Indie 80s
  136. The Best of 2001 - Rolling Stone
  137. The best films of the '00s|The A.V. Club
  138. An Accidental Experiment: Dirty Dancing (1987) and the convergence between Hollywood and American Independent Cinema|Goldsmiths, University of London
  139. Indie: An American Film Culture on JSTOR
  140. The Cine-Files » Parker Posey: New York Flight
  141. 5 INDIE FILMS YOU HAVE TO SEE|Gonzo Magazine
  142. The Moviegoing Experience, 1968-2001 - Google Books (pg.59)
  143. Best Indie Horror Films From The 1970s - Screen Rant
  144. Fusion of faith and football fails in 'Giants' - Orlando Sentinel
  145. Father Figurine: Mike Mills's "Beginners"|IndieWire
  146. BUFS Behind-the-Scenes – Brock University (Communication, Popular Culture and Film)
  147. "Pride & Prejudice," "Capote," "Brokeback Mountain" (and more), and Why Audiences Matter|IndieWire
  148. The American Roadside in Émigré Literature, Film, and Photography 1955–1985 - Google Books (pg.157)
  149. Film Sequels: Theory and Practice from Hollywood to Bollywood - Google Books (ch."Adventures in Indiewood")
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  152. 5 Indie Films From The 90s That Are Way Underrated (& 5 That Are Overrated) - Screen Rant
  153. More Movies You Probably Forgot Were Indies - SAGIndie
  154. House of Bamboo - Trailers From Hell
  155. Calling all Samuel Fuller fans: You need a copy of “Forty Guns”|High-Def Watch
  156. Review: Curtis Harrington's Night Tide on Kino Lorber Blu-ray - Slant Magazine
  157. Classic Thrills & Late-Night Chills on Tap for 'Freaky Fridays' at the Film Society - Film at Lincoln Center
  158. Why the 'King of Underrated Movies' Returned to Hollywood - Esquire
  159. The 10 Most Underrated American Independent Films of The 1990s - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  160. Wes Anderson, tone and the quirky sensibility: New Review of Film and Television Studies Volume 10, 2012 - Issue 1: Wes Anderson and Co.
  161. Vinyl Noise and Narrative in CD-Era Indiewood - Indy Vinyl
  162. Sofia Coppola: A Cinema of Girlhood - Offscreen
  163. Sofia Coppola Wins Best Director at 2017 Cannes|Hypebae
  164. Underrated Horror Movies of the 1950s, Ranked - MovieWeb
  165. The Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters - DVD Drive-In
  166. History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 5) - Sundance Guiide
  167. Kevin Smith claims Harvey Weinstein is keeping Dogma 'hostage' – Film Stories
  168. On the Borders: Children's Horror and Indiewood Animation|Contemporary Hollywood Animation: Style, Storytelling, Culture and Ideology Since the 1990s|Oxford Academic (Pages 144–177)
  169. Indie Cinema and the Neoliberal Commodification of Creative Labor - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  170. The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  171. Indiewood and Improvisation|Robert Altman's Soundtracks: Film, Music, and Sound from M*A*S*H to A Prairie Home Companion|Oxford Academic
  172. Ranking Paul Thomas Anderson's films from worst to best|Far Out Magazine
  173. 'Juno' Laid Low by Success - The New York Times
  174. Reefer Madness: an undeserved classic movie - Hall - 2021 - Addiction - Wiley Online Library
  175. Macdonald, Moira (October 27, 2021). "A 20-year-old made a movie in Seattle in the 1930s. This week, it finally makes its TV debut". The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  176. An indie film lover's dream: Filmzie is an ode to movie buffs (and it's free) - CQ Australia
  177. Five - Trailers From Hell
  178. Bride of the Monster - Trailers From Hell
  179. The Blob - Trailers From Hell
  180. "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1959 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  181. "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1960 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  182. REEL BROOKLYN: BLAST OF SILENCE, EAST NEW YORK - Brooklyn Magazine
  183. BLAST OF SILENCE - American Cinematheque
  184. NIGHT TIDE (1961) | Official Trailer | MUBI Curated by Hedi Slimane - MUBI on YouTube
  185. Something Wild - Harvard Film Archive
  186. Tribeca Festival : Review / The Wild One, A Magnificent Documentary Where Life And Craft Resound Social Justice Consciousness- Cinema Daily US
  187. INDIE HORROR MEETS WORLD CINEMA IN THE CULT 'CARNIVAL OF SOULS'|PopMatters
  188. How Obscure Horror Film 'Carnival of Souls' Influenced Everything You've Ever Seen - No Film School
  189. 'Carnival of Souls' Proves the Shocking Allure of Indie Horror - Hollywood in Toto
  190. Carnival of Souls - Trailers From Hell
  191. Jim Henson: Before Happytime Murders, Muppet creator told edgy stories - Polygon
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  193. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Huh/A1FrnAEACAAJ?hl=en Huh?: An A-Z of why Classic American Bad Movies Were Made - Google Books]
  194. The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Spider Baby")
  195. 10 Indie Movies That Became Pop Culture Hits|Collider
  196. The Last Picture Show - Trailers From Hell
  197. Putney Swope - Trailers From Hell
  198. "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1970 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  199. Joe - Trailers From Hell
  200. The Criterion Channel's June 2022 Lineup|Current|The Criterion Collection
  201. Carnival of Souls: "Thinkin' Like That, Don't It Give You Nightmares?"|Current|The Criterion Collection
  202. The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Altered Reality")
  203. To Sleep With Anger - Blueprint: Review
  204. Girlfriends review – a lo-fi indie miracle about love and the city|Movies|The Guardian
  205. Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids - Google Books (pg.49)
  206. MSP Film Society|WonderWomen: The Works of Suzan Pitt
  207. Atlantic City (1981) - filmsite.org
  208. The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orpahn Films|Oscars.org (title: "Pioneering Women")
  209. America on Film - Google Books (pg.158)
  210. Film Fourm · THE ATOMIC CAFE
  211. "The Atomic Café" – Reflecting on the 40th Anniversary of the Acclaimed Documentary|Under the Radar Magazine
  212. AFI|Catalog - The Secret of NIMH
  213. The Secret of NIMH: 40 Years Of Don Bluth's Magic - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  214. The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Visions of New York")
  215. BAM|Les Blank Program
  216. Here's Hoping Alex Cox's Repo Man Sequel Isn't One Big Circle Jerk|Tor.com
  217. Repo Man|Quad Cinema
  218. Undercover Indies: How ‘The Breakfast Club’ Went Small-Scale and Created a Cult Classic - Film Independent
  219. Viewpoint: Victory for 'indiewood' at the Oscars?
  220. The 35th Anniversary of "The Brave Little Toaster"|Cartoon Research
  221. THE BRAVE LITTLE TOASTER (1987) (***)|Animation World Network
  222. The Glorious, Good-Natured Mess of Miami Connection|Den of Geek
  223. Extra terror, hold the gore: 8 truly scary PG-13 horror movies|A.V. Club
  224. Movie Musings... Indiewood - Impact Magazine
  225. The Cinema of Wes Anderson - Bringing Nostalgia to Life - Google Books (Chapter Two - "Wes Anderson: His Position in Cinema and Culture")
  226. The Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  227. Undercover Indies: The Unlikely Origin Story of 1990’s ‘Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles’ - Film Independent
  228. Review: 'Take Shelter' A Naturalistic, Novelistic Portrayal Of Madness & Apocalypse|IndieWire
  229. Bloomsbury Collections - Indiewood, USA - Where Hollywood meets Independent Cinema
  230. The Paris Review - Robin Williams's Best Role
  231. Gas, Food Lodging - Trailers From Hell
  232. Rural Crimewave - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  233. A Brief History of the Sundance Film Festival - TIME
  234. Undercover Indies: Why ‘Dumb and Dumber’ is Smarter (and More Indie) Than You Think - Film Independent
  235. Chris Gore's Ultimate Film Festival Survival Guide, 4th Edition - Google Books (pg.222)
  236. CNN.com - Independent films move into spotlight - Aug 9, 2005
  237. Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie: The Oral History|A.V. Club
  238. The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  239. What is indie cinema?|Movies|The Guardian
  240. The hilarious connection between The Rolling Stones and 'The Big Lebowski|Far Out Magazine
  241. Going Mainstream - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  242. The sounds of sincerity|2|Hearing post-irony in Indiewood film|Timothy B. Cochran on Taylor & Francis eBooks, Reference Books and Collections
  243. CNN - The Biggest indie film ever made: 'Phantom Menace' - May 31, 1999
  244. Undercover Indies: How ‘Spirited Away’ Inspires Animators and Embodies Independent Spirit - Film Independent
  245. Roto-Synchresis: Relationships between Body and Voice in Rotoshop Animation - Database for Animation Studies
  246. 'Indie'|Far From Heaven|Edinbourgh Scholarship Online|Oxford Academic
  247. 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Page 4 - Taste of Cinema
  248. 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Page 5 - Taste of Cinema
  249. Amazon.com: Mad Eyed Misfits: Writings on Indie Animation
  250. 15 Reasons To Get Excited About The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Revival - Screen Rant
  251. Away We Go with the Films of Sam Mendes - That Shelf
  252. Review: Silver City - Slant Magazine
  253. Scenes From Independent Film Week: Incentives, Acting, and Mixing At The IFP Market|IndieWire
  254. Indie box office: "Juno" slammo!|Salon.com
  255. Christian Movies: Why Faith-Based Films Hurt Religion - Thrillist
  256. 10 Great Inde Movies You May Have Missed - Page 3 - Taste of Cinema
  257. Former teen idol stars in religious 'Fireproof,' 2008's highest-grossing indie film - Santa Rosa Press Democrat
  258. Doc Soup: The Sundance Cycle|Doc Soup|POV Blog|PBS
  259. Beyond the Multiplex|Salon.com
  260. Undercover Indies: Kathryn Bigelow’s ‘The Hurt Locker’ Blows Up Awards-Season Expectations - Film Independent
  261. It's Hollywood vs. Indiewood at Sundance 2010|The Star
  262. 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Taste of Cinema
  263. Watch: Insanely Weird Trailer for 'Beyond The Black Rainbow' Sci-Fi|FirstShowing.net
  264. (Interview) 'Beyond the Black Rainbow' Director Panos Cosmatos Talks His Sci-Fi Indie, 'Prometheus,' 'The Shining' & More - The Film Stage
  265. Simon Says: The Marketing of a Mass-Released LGBTQ Film - Playback
  266. Indie Focus: 'The Color Wheel' finally rolls into theaters - Los Angeles Times
  267. Pariah Wins Acceptance In Indie Film World - Wall Street Journal
  268. The Indie Film Corner: 'Take Shelter' - The Island News
  269. 5 Reasons to Check Out the Indie Film 'Middle of Nowhere' - Essence
  270. 'Middle of Nowhere' review: Quiet indie drama offers a look at a woman in limbo|Movies/TV|nola.com
  271. 'Listen Up Philip' movie review: Uneven dramatic comedy gives Jason Schwartzman a role to sink his teeth into|Movies/TV|nola.com
  272. LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION! PRODUCTION: BIOGRAPHIES|Oscars.org
  273. The best animation of 2016|Sight & Sound|BFI
  274. 'I, Tonya', Other Awards Contenders Keep Indie Box Office Alive Against 'Star Wars'|The Wrap
  275. Indie Focus: Outsiders abound in 'The Shape of Water', 'I, Tonya', 'Foxtrot' and 'Bombshell' - Los Angeles Times
  276. 'The Star' Is Sony's Weakest Animation Launch Ever; 'Loving Vincent Is An Indie Hit|Cartoon Brew
  277. 'I Lost My Body' Review -- Variety Critic's Pick - Variety
  278. Oscars: Can Netflix's French Dark Horse 'I Lost My Body' Upset The Big Guns In The Animated Feature Race? – Exclusive Featurette - Deadline
  279. Cryptozoo is animated chaos for the indie-film crowd - The Globe and Mail
  280. Indie Film: Fantastical creatures populate the what-if world of 'Cryptozoo' - Portland Press Herald
  281. Animation Legend Bill Plympton on How Pixar Has Fostered a Current 'Second Golden Age of Animation'|IndieWire
  282. Over the Borderline - Critic's Notebook
  283. 6 Indie And Foreign Animated Features Building Buzz For Oscars 2022|Cartoon Brew
  284. How real-world magic graces the making of Clifton Collins Jr.’s ‘Jockey’ - Los Angeles Times
  285. Indie Film Series: Summer of Soul - Sun Journal Events
  286. Indie Prof: "The Rescue" and "Summer of Soul"|Front Porch
  287. 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Crosses $20M, Reignites Indie Cinema. - Deadline
  288. Sara Dosa on 'Fire Of Love': "This forced me to work and think in a completely different way"|Features|Screen Daily
  289. A24 Has Another Indie Hit, As 'Marcel The Shell' Slides Into Top 10 – Specialty Box Office - Deadline
  290. 'Marcel the Shell With Shoes On' Director Explains What It Took to Pull Off One of the Year's Most Charming Movies|The Wrap
  291. Guillermo del Toro's 'Pinocchio' and 'Turning Red' Lead the Nominations for the 50th Annie Awards 2023 - Hollywood Insider
  292. A brief, and somewhat shocking, history of adult animation|The A.V. Club

Bibliography

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