Kalkaska, Michigan

Kalkaska (/kælˈkæskə/ kal-KASS-kə) is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. Kalkaska is the county seat and only incorporated community of Kalkaska County, and is considered part of Northern Michigan. The population was 2,132 at the 2020 census, an increase from 2,020 at the 2010 census.

Kalkaska, Michigan
Village
Village of Kalkaska
Downtown Kalkaska along Cedar Street
Downtown Kalkaska along Cedar Street
Nickname: 
Trout Capital of Michigan
Motto: 
"Space to Grow"
Location within Kalkaska County
Location within Kalkaska County
Kalkaska is located in Michigan
Kalkaska
Kalkaska
Location within the state of Michigan
Coordinates: 44°44′04″N 85°10′48″W
Country United States
State Michigan
CountyKalkaska
TownshipKalkaska
Platted1873
Incorporated1887
Founded byAlbert A. Abbott
Government
[1]
 • TypeVillage council
 • PresidentRobert Larsen
 • ClerkAngie Koon
Area
[2]
 • Total2.69 sq mi (6.96 km2)
 • Land2.64 sq mi (6.83 km2)
 • Water0.05 sq mi (0.13 km2)
Elevation
1,033 ft (315 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total2,132
 • Density808.80/sq mi (312.25/km2)
DemonymKalkaskian(s)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP code(s)
49646
Area code231
FIPS code26-42260[3]
GNIS feature ID0629450[4]
WebsiteOfficial website
Kalkaska Village Offices

Kalkaska is part of the Traverse City micropolitan area, and is often considered a bedroom community of nearby Traverse City. The town is also renowned for hosting the National Trout Festival, with the first festivities being held in 1935.[5][6]

History
See also: History of Northern Michigan
U.S. Post Office in Kalkaska

The land on which Kalkaska sits has long been territory under the Council of Three Fires; the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi.

In 1872, Albert A. Abbott arrived on the land set to become the village from his hometown of Decatur. The following year, on May 12, 1873, Abbott platted his land, and became its first postmaster.[7] In 1874, Kalkaska became a station on a new Pennsylvania Railroad line from Walton to Petoskey.[8] Today, this line is part of the Great Lakes Central Railroad.[9]

On July 5, 1908, a fire began in the middle of the business block and burned most of the stores. Local photographer E. L. Beebe made a number of photographs of the fire, and the resulting postcards were widely sold, and can still be found today.[10] Two years later, in 1910 another fire started in downtown Kalkaska. Again, in 1925 downtown Kalkaska was devastated by the largest fire since the Fire of 1908.[11]

In 1916, the noted author Ernest Hemingway visited and fished in Kalkaska, and later immortalized the town in his story "The Battler".[12] A historical marker has been placed at the nearby Rugg Pond, on the Rapid River, where Hemingway reportedly fished one night from the power house.[13]

On July 10, 1951, the Kalkaska State Bank was robbed by an armed man, who fled and later attempted to escape on foot through a nearby swampy area. After three days of what was termed the largest manhunt in Northern Michigan history, involving the FBI and local and state authorities, the gunman was captured south of the town. Named Raymond J. Turcotte, he had a long string of prior convictions, including manslaughter. Turcotte confessed to the bank robbery and served 18 years in the Michigan State Prison in Jackson, including a term for escape in 1961.

Discovery of natural gas and oil in the area during the 1970s lead to significant growth for the village; however, the growth has since shifted toward tourism.[14]

In 1993, the Kalkaska schools made national headlines when a financial crisis resulted in a two-month-long closure. Subsequent funding reform improved the outlook for Kalkaska and similar small rural districts in Michigan.[15]

In 2014, Walmart announced plans to open a store in Kalkaska. Previously, the closest store was in Traverse City, over 20 miles away. There was a debate in Kalkaska on whether the community's small town character could be preserved.[16] The store was never built due to Walmart's decision to restructure growth plans.

The Record Eagle reported in 2019 that Kalkaska was poised for substantial growth due to housing shortages in the Traverse City area.[17]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.17 square miles (8.21 km2), of which 3.12 square miles (8.08 km2) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km2) is water.[18]

The North Branch of the Boardman River flows through the south of the village. The river continues west into neighboring Grand Traverse County, turns north, and empties into Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. Just to the north of the village, though, is the headwaters of the Little Rapid River. This stream also flows into the Grand Traverse Bay, although it is part of the Chain of Lakes watershed.

The primary constructors of Kalkaska's geographical make-up are ancient glaciers, along with the majority of the entire state of Michigan. Glaciers scoured the surface of Michigan during the Ice Age, creating small hills called drumlins, along with valleys and basins and the water that currently occupies them. This process is called glaciation.

Kalkaska experiences a notable amount of snowfall as it is located in a snowbelt that receives heavy amounts of lake effect snow from Lake Michigan.

Kalkaska is considered part of Northern Michigan.

Climate

This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Kalkaska has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.[19]

Climate data for Kalkaska, Michigan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −3.6
(25.5)		 −2.1
(28.3)		 3.6
(38.5)		 11.2
(52.2)		 18.1
(64.6)		 23.6
(74.5)		 25.4
(77.7)		 24.7
(76.5)		 20.4
(68.8)		 13.1
(55.6)		 5.7
(42.2)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 11.6
(52.9)
Average low °C (°F) −11.8
(10.8)		 −12.4
(9.6)		 −8.5
(16.7)		 −1.2
(29.9)		 5.1
(41.2)		 10.8
(51.4)		 12.5
(54.5)		 11.9
(53.4)		 7.7
(45.9)		 2.3
(36.2)		 −2.3
(27.8)		 −7.9
(17.8)		 0.5
(32.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46
(1.8)		 36
(1.4)		 41
(1.6)		 64
(2.5)		 71
(2.8)		 84
(3.3)		 79
(3.1)		 79
(3.1)		 99
(3.9)		 84
(3.3)		 74
(2.9)		 53
(2.1)		 810
(31.8)
Source: Weatherbase [20]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1880496—
18901,161134.1%
19001,30412.3%
19101,4158.5%
1920866−38.8%
1930861−0.6%
19401,13231.5%
19501,25010.4%
19601,3215.7%
19701,47511.7%
19801,65412.1%
19901,95218.0%
20002,22614.0%
20102,020−9.3%
20202,1325.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[21]

2010 census

As of the census[22] of 2010, there were 2,020 people, 871 households, and 482 families residing in the village. The population density was 647.4 inhabitants per square mile (250.0/km2). There were 1,015 housing units at an average density of 325.3 per square mile (125.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.6% White, 0.6% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 871 households, of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.4% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.7% were non-families. 38.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the village was 37.9 years. 23.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

2000 census

As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 2,226 people, 881 households, and 540 families residing in the village. The population density was 890.7 inhabitants per square mile (343.9/km2). There were 969 housing units at an average density of 387.7 per square mile (149.7/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 96.32% White, 0.67% African American, 1.03% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 881 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the village, the age distribution of the population shows 26.1% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $27,891, and the median income for a family was $33,651. Males had a median income of $26,901 versus $19,333 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,028. About 15.3% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.7% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Airport

Kalkaska is home to Kalkaska City Airport, a small, paved runway.

Major highways
  • US 131 runs north–south through the village by the name "Cedar Street". Northeast of Kalkaska, US 131 runs through Mancelona, Alba, and Walloon Lake, before ending at US 31 in Petoskey. To the southwest, US 131 passes through Fife Lake before upgrading to a freeway. The highway continues south, passing through Cadillac, Grand Rapids, and Kalamazoo, before ending just south of the Indiana state line.
  • M-66 also runs north–south through Kalkaska. The highway continues northeast, also as Cedar Street, into Mancelona, before turning north. The highway then runs through East Jordan before ending at US 31 in Charlevoix. To the south, M-66 runs through towns like Lake City, McBain and Marion. M-66 also eventually ends at the Indiana state line, just south of Sturgis.
  • M-72 runs east–west through Kalkaska County, entering Kalkaska itself from the west. However through the heart of the village, it primarily runs north–south, also on the Cedar Street concurrency. West of Kalkaska, M-72 runs through the Traverse City urban area, ending at Empire, on Lake Michigan. East of Kalkaska, M-72 runs through Grayling and Mio before eventually ending at a junction with US 23 in Harrisville, on Lake Huron.

Education

Schools in Kalkaska are managed by Kalkaska Public Schools. There is one high school in the district, Kalkaska High School.

Kalkaska is centrally located between North Central Michigan College in Petoskey, Northwestern Michigan College in Traverse City, Kirtland College in Grayling/Gaylord, and Baker College in Cadillac.

Travel and recreation
Kalkaska City Airport

Tourists are attracted to the area to visit the surrounding lakes (including Torch Lake) and rivers such as the Jordan River, Rapid River & Manistee River. Kalkaska offers two major festivals, the National Trout Festival held at the end of April to honor the opening of trout season, and the Kalkaska County Agricultural Fair, held the first week of August, to showcase local livestock from 4-H youth clubs and handicrafts from residents. The Kalkaska WinterFest which is held in January, features sled dog races. Fall color tours are also popular with visitors.

The first weekend of November brings with it the Iceman Cometh biking challenge. Kalkaska hosts the starting line for a 27.2 mile off-road biking race that runs from the western edge of the village to Traverse City along the VASA Trail. The turnout for the race very easily doubles the population within the village, numbering in the several thousands. For mountain biking enthusiasts, this is a famous race, and completing the race is an achievement in itself.

The village is home to Chalker Park and the Imagination Station. The Mill Pond Park is a small park with a pavilion.

The KART trail (Kalkaska Area Recreation Transportation) is a non-motorized pathway which encircles the County's governmental, educational, and recreational campus. There are expansion plans which include connecting it with the TART Trail.

Kalkaska

Industry

Marijuana, service, oil and gas, manufacturing, and tourism are important industries in the village and surrounding county.[23]

The Kalkaska area is known as a fishing destination with inland lakes and the Boardman River, Rapid River, and Manistee River. Kalkaska has held the National Trout Festival in the last week of April each year since 1933. There is a giant statue of a brook trout in the town square. New York Times featured author Jim Harrison wrote about the Trout Festival in his 1991 book Just Before Dark: Collected Non-fiction.

Notable people

See also

References
  1. Village of Kalkaska (2020). "Village of Kalkaska: Village Council". Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  2. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
  3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. Festival®, National Trout. "National Trout Festival®". National Trout Festival®. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  6. farlane (2014-04-24). "Throwback Thursday: Birth of the National Trout Festival". Michigan in Pictures. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  7. Romig, Walter (1986). Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 297. ISBN 0-8143-1837-1.
  8. "michiganrailroads.com - Evolution Map - Lower - 1874". www.michiganrailroads.com. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  9. "Michigan's Railroad System" (PDF). www.michigan.gov. March 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  10. "1908 Fire Kalkaska, MI". sites.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  11. "Granada Inn - Kalkaska Motel, Hotel, Lodging, Inn Michigan". Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  12. Guy, Bobby. "Ernest Hemingway's Kalkaska Connection Recognized". 1077 WRKR. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  13. "Kalkaska Rugg Pond". www.kalkaskacounty.net. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  14. Lofton, Justine (2019-09-18). "Sick of being bypassed, small U.S. 131 towns hatch plan to draw tourists". mlive. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  15. "Looking Back: Kalkaska Schools' Decision To End 1993 Year Prematurely". Interlochen Public Radio. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  16. Carlisle, John. "Wal-Mart plan for Kalkaska store draws mixed reaction" (Archive). Detroit Free Press. November 16, 2014. Retrieved on July 3, 2015.
  17. Nielsen, Dan (December 3, 2019). "Need rising for new housing options in northern Michigan". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  18. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  19. Climate Summary for Kalkaska, Michigan
  20. "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2023. Retrieved on January 5, 2023.
  21. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  22. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  23. Sullivan, Patrick (December 7, 2019). "Kalkaska: Marijuana Mecca | Features | Northern Express". Northern Express. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  24. Smith, Jacquelyn. "Famous Narrator Takes Us Inside One Of The World's Coolest Jobs". The Holland Sentinel. Retrieved 2022-11-11.

Further reading
  • Jobst, Jack. "Gone Fishin'", Michigan History Magazine, November/December 1995.
  • Hemingway, E. The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. Simon and Schuster, 1998. ISBN 0-684-84332-3.
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