Kedar (raga)

Raga Kedar, also known as Kedara, is a Hindustani classical raga. Named after Lord Shiva, the raga occupies a high pedestal in Indian classical music. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the swaras सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.

Kedar
ThaatKalyan
TypeChanchal raga
Time of day1st prahar of Singing
SeasonNo specific season but sung mostly in rainy season
ArohanaS M G P D N Ṡ
AvarohanaṠ N D P M̄ P M R S
PakadThe pakad of this raga is सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा
Chalanसा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा
VadiMa
SamavadiSa
SynonymHameer raga
EquivalentHameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat.
Similarraga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga)
Hindustani classical music
Concepts
Genres
Thaats
Kedara Ragini

Origin

The raga emerges from the Kalyan thaat. This raga is named after Lord Shiva and is loved by Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in Gokul was mesmerized.

Technical description

The raga is of shaadava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent), only six notes are used, and in avarohana (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using arohana and avarohana.

The raga uses only natural (shuddha) versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (tivra) versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- tivra, M- shuddh)" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (komal) version (n).

Arohana: S M, M'P D M , D N S`

Avarohana: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S

Pakad: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S

The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is tivra) p d n s.

The most prominent (vadi) note is m, and the second most prominent (samvadi) is S.

Samay

The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first prahar of night. Most ragas with teevra ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas).

Further information

The meend from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a grace note in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one swara to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different swaras often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like khayals, thumris, dhrupads, as well as light classical songs based on it.

According to the Guru Granth Sahib, raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism.

Variants
  • Adambari Kedar
  • Anandi Kedar
  • Basanti Kedar
  • Chandni Kedar
  • Deepak Kedar
  • Jaladhar Kedar
  • Kedar Bahar
  • Kedari Malhar
  • Maluha Kedar
  • Nat Kedar
  • Shuddha Kedar
  • Shyam Kedar
  • Tilak Kedar

Film songs

Tamil
Song Movie Composer Singer
En Uyir Thozhi Karnan Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy P. Susheela
Udaluku Uyir Kaaval Manapanthal P. B. Sreenivas
Kannizhantha Enippadigal K. V. Mahadevan P. Susheela
Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho Chandhrodhayam M. S. Viswanathan T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Vellaikkamalathiley Gowri Kalyanam Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi
Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu Silambu K. S. Chitra
Netru parthatho En Kanavar S. P. Venkatesh
Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja

(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Valaji)

 Madhanamaaligai M. B. Sreenivasan P. Suseela, K. J. Yesudas
Kadhal Oviyam Kavikkuyil Ilaiyaraaja Sujatha Mohan
Kaiyil Veenai Vietnam Colony Bombay Jayashree
Inimel Naalum Iravu Pookkal S. Janaki
Nila Kaikiradhu Indira A. R. Rahman Hariharan, Harini
Swasame Swasame

(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Maand)

 Thenali S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sadhana Sargam
Kanava Illai Kaatra Ratchagan Srinivas
Murali Mogha Galatta Kalyanam Haricharan, K. S. Chitra
Manasukkul Kalyana Agathigal V. S. Narasimhan Raj Sitaraman, P. Susheela
Iruvathu Vayathu Varai Kannodu Kanbathellam Deva Hariharan, S. Janaki
Pirivellam Soori Harish Raghavendra, Chinmayi

Hindi

Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:

References

    Sources
    • [1]
    • "Raag Kedar – Indian Classical Music – Tanarang.com". www.tanarang.com. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
    • "Raga Kedar – A Perspective". Rajan Parrikar Music Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
    • "On the Variants of Kedar". Rajan Parrikar Music Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.


    1. Chandra Kanta
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