Kildare (Dáil constituency)

Kildare was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1923 to 1937 and from 1948 to 1997. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Kildare
Former Dáil constituency
Former constituency
Created1923
Abolished1937
Seats3
Local government areaCounty Kildare
Created fromKildare–Wicklow
Replaced byCarlow–Kildare
Kildare
Former Dáil constituency
Former constituency
Created1948
Abolished1997
Seats
  • 3 (1948–1961)
  • 4 (1961–1969)
  • 3 (1969–1981)
  • 5 (1981–1997)
Local government areaCounty Kildare
Created fromCarlow–Kildare
Replaced by

History and boundaries

Covering all or part of County Kildare, the constituency existed for two distinct periods: from 1923 to 1937, and from 1948 to 1997. From 1923 to 1937 Kildare elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs),[1] until it was absorbed into a new Carlow–Kildare constituency in 1937. After its re-establishment in 1948 it initially elected 3 TDs.[2] This was increased to 4 seats in 1961, reduced again to 3 in 1969, and increased to 5 from 1981 until its abolition in 1997. Its boundaries were significantly revised on several occasions.

The constituency was abolished for the 1997 general election, when it was replaced by two new constituencies: Kildare North and Kildare South.

TDs

TDs 1923–1937
Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Kildare 1923–1937[3]
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)
4th1923[4] Hugh Colohan
(Lab)		 John Conlan
(FP)		 George Wolfe
(CnaG)
5th1927 (Jun)[5] Domhnall Ua Buachalla
(FF)
6th1927 (Sep)[6]
1931 by-election[7] Thomas Harris
(FF)
7th1932[8] William Norton
(Lab)		 Sydney Minch
(CnaG)
8th1933[9]
9th1937 Constituency abolished. See Carlow–Kildare

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

TDs 1948–1997
Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Kildare 1948–1997[3]
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)
13th1948[10] William Norton
(Lab)		 Thomas Harris
(FF)		 Gerard Sweetman
(FG)		 3 seats
until 1961		 3 seats
until 1961
14th1951[11]
15th1954[12]
16th1957[13] Patrick Dooley
(FF)
17th1961[14] Brendan Crinion
(FF)		 4 seats
1961–1969
1964 by-election[15] Terence Boylan
(FF)
18th1965[16] Patrick Norton
(Lab)
19th1969[17] Paddy Power
(FF)		 3 seats
1969–1981		 3 seats
1969–1981
1970 by-election[18] Patrick Malone
(FG)
20th1973[19] Joseph Bermingham
(Lab)
21st1977[20] Charlie McCreevy
(FF)
22nd1981[21] Bernard Durkan
(FG)		 Alan Dukes
(FG)
23rd1982 (Feb)[22] Gerry Brady
(FF)
24th1982 (Nov)[23] Bernard Durkan
(FG)
25th1987[24] Emmet Stagg
(Lab)
26th1989[25] Seán Power
(FF)
27th1992[26]
28th1997 Constituency abolished. See Kildare North and Kildare South

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

Elections

1992 general election
1992 general election: Kildare[27]
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
123456789101112
Labour Emmet Stagg 21.1 10,656                      
Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 20.3 10,208                      
Fine Gael Alan Dukes 13.3 6,705 6,877 6,966 6,981 7,026 7,139 7,311 7,512 7,749 8,132 10,144  
Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 9.1 4,604 4,736 4,809 4,814 4,822 4,928 4,974 5,075 5,288 5,356 6,078 7,413
Fianna Fáil Seán Power 7.6 3,809 3,899 4,829 4,833 4,918 5,030 5,162 5,285 5,434 8,036 8,527  
Progressive Democrats John Dardis 7.0 3,529 3,590 3,644 3,653 3,669 3,768 3,873 4,031 4,195 4,321    
Labour Jack Wall 5.7 2,859 4,359 4,397 4,412 4,733 4,825 4,965 5,272 6,131 6,343 6,887 7,094
Fianna Fáil Seán Ó Fearghaíl 5.7 2,858 2,895 3,411 3,420 3,481 3,518 3,613 3,707 3,780      
Democratic Left Catherine Murphy 3.2 1,613 1,732 1,762 1,770 1,790 1,833 1,856 2,018        
Green Seán English 2.1 1,064 1,112 1,133 1,167 1,219 1,337 1,454          
Independent Nick Hegarty 1.7 853 882 899 939 951 1,005            
Independent Patsy Lawlor 1.5 745 784 812 830 858              
Sinn Féin Paddy Wright 1.4 719 741 749 752                
Independent Liz Garrett 0.4 177 184 188                  
Electorate: 78,069   Valid: 50,399   Spoilt: 746 (1.5%)   Quota: 8,400   Turnout: 51,145 (65.5%)  

    1989 general election
    1989 general election: Kildare[28]
    PartyCandidateFPv%Count
    123456789
    Fine Gael Alan Dukes 18.0 9,182                
    Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 17.6 8,977                
    Labour Emmet Stagg 17.2 8,767                
    Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 13.1 6,676 7,236 7,261 7,328 7,659 8,107 9,704    
    Fianna Fáil Seán Power 11.6 5,918 5,942 6,183 6,221 6,401 6,559 6,791 6,977 7,670
    Fianna Fáil Seán Ó Fearghaíl 7.1 3,603 3,621 3,816 3,833 3,970 4,085 4,187 4,387 5,256
    Independent Carol Tiernan 5.3 2,690 2,702 2,706 2,725 2,911 3,418 3,588 3,957  
    Progressive Democrats Timmy Conway 4.2 2,126 2,179 2,190 2,214 2,416 2,589      
    Workers' Party Catherine Murphy 3.0 1,520 1,531 1,539 1,632 1,936        
    Green Seán English 2.9 1,462 1,479 1,485 1,507          
    Electorate: 78,724   Valid: 50,921   Quota: 8,487  

      1987 general election
      1987 general election: Kildare[24]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
      Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 7,649 14.2 2
      Labour Emmet Stagg 7,567 14.1 1
      Fine Gael Alan Dukes 7,453 13.9 3
      Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 6,671 12.4 4
      Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 6,297 11.7
      Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 6,292 11.7 5
      Progressive Democrats Eoin McBennett 3,407 6.3
      Progressive Democrats Frank Masterson 2,913 5.4
      Fianna Fáil Seán Ó Fearghaíl 2,675 5.0
      Sinn Féin Patrick Wright 1,420 2.6
      Workers' Party Colm Purcell 1,238 2.3
      Independent Frederick Leavy 123 0.2
      Electorate: ?   Valid: 53,705   Quota: 8,951   Turnout:

      November 1982 general election
      November 1982 general election: Kildare[23]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
      Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 9,594 19.8 1 1
      Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 8,589 17.8 2 1
      Fine Gael Alan Dukes 8,057 16.7 3
      Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 7,969 16.5 4
      Labour Joseph Bermingham 7,366 15.2 5
      Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 4,637 9.6
      Fianna Fáil Paddy Aspell 1,929 4.0
      Independent Seán Thompson 149 0.3
      Independent Michael McManus 69 0.1
      Electorate: ?   Valid: 48,359   Quota: 8,060   Turnout:

      February 1982 general election
      February 1982 general election: Kildare[22]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
      Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 11,497 24.7 1 1
      Fine Gael Alan Dukes 8,881 19.1 2 1
      Labour Joseph Bermingham 7,491 16.1 4
      Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 6,145 13.2 3
      Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 5,063 10.9 5
      Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 4,245 9.1
      Fine Gael Patrick Lawlor 1,768 3.8
      Fianna Fáil Leonore O'Rourke Glynn 1,374 3.0
      Electorate: ?   Valid: 46,464   Quota: 7,745   Turnout: ?

      1981 general election
      1981 general election: Kildare[21]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
      Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 9,768 20.8 1
      Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 7,053 15.0 2
      Labour Joseph Bermingham 5,803 12.3 3
      Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 5,612 11.9 4
      Fine Gael Alan Dukes 4,762 10.1 5
      Fine Gael Patrick Lawlor 4,469 9.5
      Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 3,584 7.6
      Labour Emmet Stagg 2,832 6.0
      Fianna Fáil Martin Miley 2,479 5.3
      Independent Evelyn Bracken 698 1.5
      Electorate: ?   Valid: 47,060   Quota: 7,844   Turnout:

      1977 general election
      1977 general election: Kildare[20]
      PartyCandidateFPv%Count
      12345
      Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 35.1 11,621        
      Labour Joseph Bermingham 21.4 7,070 7,289 7,445 7,951 8,268
      Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 14.0 4,624 5,841 5,854 5,930 10,413
      Fine Gael Patrick Malone 11.7 3,858 3,927 4,198 5,742 5,833
      Fianna Fáil Martin Miley 9.7 3,223 5,007 5,038 5,102  
      Fine Gael Patrick Hyland 5.1 1,696 1,730 2,267    
      Fine Gael Philip Hennessy 3.1 1,025 1,043      
      Electorate: 44,088   Valid: 33,117   Spoilt: 268 (0.8%)   Quota: 8,280   Turnout: 33,385 (75.7%)[29]  

        1973 general election
        1973 general election: Kildare[19]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
        Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 8,894 29.3 1 1
        Labour Joseph Bermingham 6,791 22.4 3
        Fine Gael Patrick Malone 6,581 21.7 2
        Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 4,898 16.2
        Fine Gael James McEvoy 1,716 5.7
        Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 1,441 4.8
        Electorate: ?   Valid: 30,321   Quota: 7,581   Turnout:

        1970 by-election

        Following the death of Fine Gael TD Gerard Sweetman, a by-election was held on 14 April 1970. The seat was won by the Fine Gael candidate Patrick Malone.

        1970 by-election: Kildare[30]
        PartyCandidateFPv%Count
        12
        Fianna Fáil Eamon Kane 41.3 10,754 12,061
        Fine Gael Patrick Malone 35.9 9,335 13,169
        Labour Joseph Bermingham 22.8 5,923  
        Electorate: 36,284   Valid: 26,012   Quota: 13,007   Turnout: 71.69%  

          1969 general election
          1969 general election: Kildare[17]
          Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
          Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 6,903 24.9 1 1
          Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 6,323 22.8 2
          Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 3,327 12.0 3
          Labour Joseph Bermingham 2,711 9.8
          Fianna Fáil Patrick Norton 1,806 6.5
          Labour Michael Brady 1,732 6.3
          Fine Gael Michael McWey 1,709 6.2
          Fine Gael Anne Moore 1,694 6.1
          Independent Michael St Leger 1,496 5.4
          Electorate: ?   Valid: 27,701   Quota: 6,926   Turnout:

          1965 general election
          1965 general election: Kildare[16]
          Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
          Fianna Fáil Brendan Crinion 7,129 21.0 1 1
          Labour Patrick Norton 7,087 20.9 2 1
          Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 6,797 20.0 3 1
          Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 5,156 15.2 4
          Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 4,269 12.6
          Fine Gael Matthew O'Connor 1,915 5.7
          Fine Gael Charles Chambers 1,559 4.6
          Electorate: ?   Valid: 33,912   Quota: 6,783   Turnout:

          1964 by-election

          Following the death of Labour Party TD William Norton, a by-election was held on 19 February 1964. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Terence Boylan.

          1964 by-election: Kildare[30]
          PartyCandidateFPv%Count
          12
          Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 43.5 13,905 15,973
          Fine Gael Patrick Malone 30.8 9,825 14,254
          Labour Patrick Norton 25.7 8,214  
          Electorate: 43,779   Valid: 31,944   Quota: 15,973   Turnout: 72.97%  

            1961 general election
            1961 general election: Kildare[14]
            Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
            Labour William Norton 8,015 25.4 1 1
            Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 7,035 22.3 2 1
            Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 5,865 18.6 3
            Fianna Fáil Brendan Crinion 3,908 12.4 4
            Fianna Fáil Terence Groome 3,033 9.6
            Fine Gael John Keegan 1,913 6.1
            Fine Gael Charles Chambers 1,827 5.8
            Electorate: ?   Valid: 31,596   Quota: 6,320   Turnout:

            1957 general election
            1957 general election: Kildare[13][30]
            PartyCandidateFPv%Count
            12
            Labour William Norton 26.5 7,038  
            Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 25.8 6,860  
            Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 23.9 6,339 6,665
            Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 23.8 6,311 6,385
            Electorate: 37,422   Valid: 26,548   Quota: 6,638   Turnout: 70.9%  

              1954 general election
              1954 general election: Kildare[12][30]
              PartyCandidateFPv%Count
              12
              Labour William Norton 30.4 8,501  
              Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 28.7 8,030  
              Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 23.7 6,620 7,430
              Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 17.2 4,791 5,496
              Electorate: 38,011   Valid: 27,942   Quota: 6,986   Turnout: 73.5%  

                1951 general election
                1951 general election: Kildare[30]
                PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                123
                Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 30.4 8,348    
                Labour William Norton 30.1 8,279    
                Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 24.6 6,759 6,826 7,907
                Fianna Fáil Michael Nolan 14.5 3,987 5,340 5,448
                Independent Peter Keane 0.4 120 174 390
                Electorate: 38,147   Valid: 27,493   Quota: 6,874   Turnout: 72.07%  

                  1948 general election
                  1948 general election: Kildare[30]
                  PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                  123456
                  Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 29.6 7,792          
                  Labour William Norton 26.3 6,939          
                  Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 19.1 5,022 5,080 5,155 5,582 5,638 6,068
                  Clann na Poblachta Daniel T. Boland 10.7 2,821 2,868 3,025 3,067 3,696 4,237
                  Fianna Fáil Michael G. Nolan 9.3 2,452 3,517 3,577 3,627 3,666  
                  Clann na Poblachta Paudge Brennan 3.0 779 799 846 856    
                  Fine Gael Michael Cunningham 2.1 548 561 572      
                  Electorate: 37,737   Valid: 26,353   Quota: 6,589   Turnout: 69.83%  

                    1933 general election
                    1933 general election: Kildare[9][31]
                    PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                    123
                    Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 29.5 7,799    
                    Cumann na nGaedheal Sydney Minch 23.8 6,304 6,330 6,532
                    Labour William Norton 20.0 5,292 5,517 8,487
                    National Centre Party Frederick B. Barton 16.7 4,408 4,417 4,494
                    Fianna Fáil Brigid Darby 10.0 2,636 3,565  
                    Electorate: 33,782   Valid: 26,439   Quota: 6,610   Turnout: 78.3%  

                      1932 general election
                      1932 general election: Kildare[8][31]
                      PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                      123
                      Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 26.9 6,510    
                      Labour William Norton 22.7 5,496 5,527 5,875
                      Cumann na nGaedheal Sydney Minch 19.2 4,653 4,665 7,777
                      Fianna Fáil Domhnall Ua Buachalla 15.7 3,802 4,211 4,313
                      Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Fitzsimons 15.4 3,735 3,743  
                      Electorate: 33,595   Valid: 24,196   Quota: 6,050   Turnout: 72.0%  

                        1931 by-election

                        Following the death of Labour Party TD Hugh Colohan, a by-election was held on 29 June 1931. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Thomas Harris.

                        1931 by-election: Kildare[7][31]
                        PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                        12
                        Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 40.0 10,041 11,612
                        Cumann na nGaedheal John Conlan 33.4 8,374 11,103
                        Labour William Norton 26.6 6,669  
                        Electorate: 38,815   Valid: 25,084   Quota: 12,543   Turnout: 64.6%  

                          September 1927 general election
                          September 1927 general election: Kildare[6][31]
                          PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                          12345
                          Cumann na nGaedheal George Wolfe 29.6 6,494        
                          Fianna Fáil Domhnall Ua Buachalla 28.5 6,261        
                          Farmers' Party John Conlan 14.9 3,284 4,067 4,099 4,227 4,555
                          Labour Hugh Colohan 14.8 3,251 3,394 3,537 4,271 5,667
                          Fianna Fáil Thomas Murphy 7.7 1,694 1,715 2,289 2,397  
                          Labour Michael Smyth 4.5 985 1,039 1,058    
                          Electorate: 34,815   Valid: 21,969   Quota: 5,493   Turnout: 63.1%  

                            June 1927 general election
                            June 1927 general election: Kildare[5][31]
                            PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                            12345678910
                            Fianna Fáil Domhnall Ua Buachalla 18.6 4,127 4,162 4,972 5,732            
                            Labour Hugh Colohan 18.6 4,112 4,144 4,213 4,341 4,402 4,788 5,081 5,529 7,226  
                            Cumann na nGaedheal George Wolfe 11.0 2,438 2,577 2,589 2,608 2,612 2,771 3,675 4,197 4,296 4,496
                            Farmers' Party John Conlan 10.4 2,310 2,560 2,580 2,653 2,674 2,995 3,257 3,632 3,824 3,956
                            Labour Michael Smyth 8.4 1,865 1,900 1,934 2,036 2,056 2,148 2,182 2,342    
                            Cumann na nGaedheal James C. Bergin 7.0 1,559 1,606 1,613 1,634 1,647 1,726        
                            National League Rupert Trench 6.4 1,415 1,612 1,624 1,676 1,697 1,796 1,854      
                            Sinn Féin Art O'Connor 5.1 1,133 1,185 1,287              
                            Independent John J. Bergin 5.1 1,129 1,280 1,296 1,359 1,409          
                            Fianna Fáil James Cregan 5.0 1,098 1,109                
                            Independent George Henderson 4.4 979                  
                            Electorate: 34,815   Valid: 22,165   Quota: 5,542   Turnout: 63.7%  

                              1923 general election
                              1923 general election: Kildare[4][31]
                              PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                              12345678
                              Labour Hugh Colohan 23.0 4,300 4,310 4,361 4,787        
                              Farmers' Party John Conlan 19.5 3,650 3,672 3,762 3,868 3,903 4,174 4,435 4,941
                              Republican Art O'Connor 12.2 2,276 2,311 2,347 3,125 3,160 3,510 3,620  
                              Cumann na nGaedheal George Wolfe 11.7 2,186 2,198 2,494 2,517 2,518 2,698 4,475 4,624
                              Cumann na nGaedheal Thomas Lawler 10.3 1,920 1,949 2,352 2,387 2,390 2,643    
                              Labour Michael Smyth 9.2 1,712 1,722 1,769 1,892 1,931      
                              Republican Domhnall Ua Buachalla 8.0 1,492 1,564 1,572          
                              Cumann na nGaedheal Simon Malone 5.1 950 956            
                              Republican Thomas Harris 1.1 206              
                              Electorate: 35,612   Valid: 18,692   Quota: 4,674   Turnout: 52.5%  

                                See also

                                References
                                1. "Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1923: Eighth Schedule (Constituencies)". Irish Statute Book database. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
                                2. "Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1947: First Schedule (Constituencies)". Irish Statute Book database. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
                                3. Walker, Brian M, ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8. ISSN 0332-0286.
                                4. "General election 1923: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                5. "General election June 1927: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                6. "General election September 1927: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                7. "By-election 1931: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                8. "General election 1932: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                9. "General election 1933: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                10. "General election 1948: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                11. "General election 1951: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                12. "General election 1954: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                13. "General election 1957: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                14. "General election 1961: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                15. "By-election 1964: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                16. "General election 1965: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                17. "General election 1969: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                18. "By-election 1970: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                19. "General election 1973: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                20. "General election 1977: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                21. "General election 1981: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                22. "General election February 1982: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                23. "General election November 1982: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                24. "General election 1987: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                25. "General election 1989: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                26. "General election 1992: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
                                27. Government of Ireland (1993). Dáil General Election November, 1992 Election Results and Transfer of Votes in the General Election for the Twenty-Seventh Dáil. Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
                                28. Government of Ireland (1990). Election Results and Transfer of Votes in General Election (June, 1989) For Twenty-Sixth Dáil. Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
                                29. The Irish Times, 20 June 1977, p7–10
                                30. Gallagher, Michael (2009). Irish Elections 1948–77: Results and Analysis Sources for the Study of Irish Politics 2. Routledge. ISBN 9781138973343.
                                31. Gallagher, Michael (1993). Irish Elections 1922-44: Results and Analysis. PSAI Press. ISBN 0951974815.

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