Kingdom of Kumalarang

The Kingdom of Kumalarang or "古麻剌朗" in ancient Chinese texts, is a prehispanic Filipino and Yakan kingdom located on what is now the northwestern coast of Basilan island stretching until the Municipality of Kumalarang at the Zamboanga Peninsula, both places being named after Kumalarang.[1]

Pre-colonial history of the Philippines
Barangay state
Social classes
Ruling class (Maginoo, Ginu, Tumao): Apo, Datu, Bagani, Lakan, Panglima, Rajah, Sultan, Thimuay
Middle class: Timawa, Maharlika
Commoners, serfs and slaves (Alipin): Aliping namamahay, Alipin sa gigilid, Bulisik, Bulislis, Horohan, Uripon
States in Luzon
Caboloan
Cainta
Ibalon
Ma-i
Sandao
Pulilu
Rajahnate of Maynila
Namayan
Tondo
States in the Visayas
Kedatuan of Madja-as
Kedatuan of Dapitan
Rajahnate of Cebu
States in Mindanao
Rajahnate of Butuan
Rajahnate of Sanmalan
Sultanate of Maguindanao
Sultanates of Lanao
Sultanate of Sulu
Key figures
List of recorded datu in the Philippines
Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
History of the Philippines
Portal: Philippines
Locations of pre-colonial principalities, polities, kingdoms and sultanates in the Philippine archipelago

Kumalarang is listed in the Ming Shilu (the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty) among other kingdoms in Insular Southeast Asia (e.g. Malacca, Brunei, Sulu) as a polity that was conferred an imperial seal by the Ming Emperor in the mid-15th century.[2]

References
  1. Scott, William (1984). Prehispanic Source Materials: For the Study of Philippine History (revised ed.). Quezon City: New Day Publishers. p. 66. ISBN 9711002264.
  2. Gallop, Annabel Teh (2016). "The Early Use of Seals in the Malay World". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 102: 125–163.
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