List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs

Mughal-Sikh Wars
	; Painting of Bhai Fateh Singh beheading Wazir Khan during the Battle of Chappar Chiri.
Date	1621 – 12 March 1788
Location	Punjab; Delhi; Uttar Pradesh and other states of North India
Result	Sikh Victory
Territorial; changes	Sikhs consolidate central rule over the Punjab and Delhi region of the Indian subcontinent
Belligerents
Mughal Empire	Akal Sena (1621 - 1699); Khalsa Fauj (1699 - 1735); Dal Khalsa (1735 - 1788)
Commanders and leaders
Mughal Emperors; Jahangir I; Shah Jahan I; Alamgir I; Azam Shah †; Shah Alam I; Jahandar Shah; Farrukhsiyar; Rafi ud-Darajat; Shah Jahan II; Muhammad Shah; Ahmad Shah Bahadur; Shah Alam II ; ; Mughal Governors ; Kale Khan †; Qutab Khan †; Adina Beg; Wazir Khan †; Dilwaar Khan; Mian Khan; Nasar-ul-Mulk; Abd al-Samad Khan; Zakariyya Khan; Salabat Khan †; Yahya Khan; Shahnawaz Khan; Moin-ul-Mulk; Abdul Khan †; Zabardast Khan Mughal Generals ; Mukhlis Khan †; Lal Beg †; Qumer Beg †; Painde Khan †; Hussain Khan †; Nahar Khan †; Gharit Khan †; Shamas Khan; Nahid Khan †; Din Beg (WIA) ; Zain Khan Sirhindi †; Khwaja Muhammad (WIA); Muhammad Yarbeg Khan †; Ahmed Khan †; Fateh Khan †; Jamal Khan;	Guru Hargobind Sahib; Bidhi Chand; Baba Gurdita; Bhai Sohela †; Bhatt Kirat; Bhai Desu †; Bhai Bhano; Guru Har Rai Sahib; Guru Tegh Bahadur ; Guru Gobind Singh X; Ajit Singh †; Jujhar Singh †; Bhai Daya Singh; Bhai Dharam Singh; Bhai Himmat Singh †; Bhai Mohkam Singh †; Bhai Sahib Singh †; Mai Bhago; Banda Singh Bahadur ; Baj Singh †; Binod Singh †; Bhai Mani Singh ; Baba Darbara Singh; Nawab Kapur Singh; Jassa Singh Ahluwalia; Baghel Singh; Jassa Singh Ramgarhia; Charat Singh;

This is a list of battles and campaigns between Mughal and Sikh armies, which started with the martyrdom of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev, on the orders of Jahangir. Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru, introduced the militarization to Sikhism. In response to his father's execution, he fought several battles against the Mughal army and defeated them. Later, another Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was also executed on the orders of Aurangzeb after he refused to convert to Islam. Guru Gobind Singh, the last Sikh guru, started the Khalsa tradition and fought further battles against the Mughals and their allies.

Battles

Name Of Conflict (Time)	Belligerents	Opponents	Outcome
Battle of Rohilla (1621)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Sangrana (1628)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Amritsar (1634)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Lahira (1634)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Kartarpur (1635)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Phagwara (1635)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Kiratpur (1638)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Sutlej (1652)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Kiratpur (1658)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Nadaun (1691)	Akal Sena,Chandel of kahlur	Mughal Empire	Combined Victory of Sikhs and Chandel of Kahlur
Battle of Anandpur (1695)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Guler (1696)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Anandpur (1700)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire, Sivalik Hills Raja	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Basoli (1702)[1]	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
First Battle of Chamkaur (1702)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire, Raja's of Sivalik Hills	Khalsa Victory
Siege of Bassi Kalan (1703)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
First Battle of Anandpur (1704)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire Raja's of Sivalik Hills	Khalsa Victory
Second Siege of Anandpur (1704)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire Raja's of Sivalik Hills	Combined Victory of Mughals and Hill Rajas Mughal and Hill Rajas betrayed the Sikhs and broke the vows of their God and the Quran.[2]
Battle of Sarsa (1704)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire, Sivalik Hills Raja's	Combined Victory of Mughals and Hill Rajas The Mughals and Hill's kings betrayed the Sikhs and broke the vows of their God and the Quran.[2]
Battle of Shahi Tibbi (1704)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire, Sivalik Hills Raja's	Khalsa Victory The Mughals and Shivalik Hill kings were forced to retreat and the Sikhs fought bravely along with Baba Ajit Singh and those Sikhs gained martyrdom excluding Baba Ajit Singh.
Battle of Chamkaur (1704)[3][4][5][6]	Khalsa	Mughal Empire Raja's of Sivalik Hills	Mughal Victory Mughals failed to capture Guru Gobind Singh
Third Battle of Anandpur (1704)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Mughal Victory Heavy Casualties for the Mughals
Battle of Muktsar (1705)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory Wazir Khan retreats
Battle of Jajau (1707) [7][8][9][10]	Bahadur Shah I	Muhammad Azam	Bahadur Shah Victory Seeing the complex situation in Malwa, Bahadur Shah asked Guru Gobind Singh for help. The Guru sent Bhai Dharam Singh to fight with 300 soldiers. Tara Azam was shot in the eye with one of the Sikh soldier's arrows.
Battle of Amritsar (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Sonepat (1709)[11]	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory Part of Banda Singh Bahadur's military conquest
Battle Of Karnal (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Kaithal (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Shahabad (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Mustafabad (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Ambala (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Samana (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory Banda Singh Bahadur captures Samana
Battle Of Banur (1709)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Sadhaura (1710)[12][13][11][14]	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory Banda Singh Bahadur capture Sadhaura
Battle Of Kapuri (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Chappar Chiri (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory Wazir Khan was killed by Fateh Singh.
Siege of Sirhind (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory Establishment of Sikh rule from Lahore to the sanctum sanctorum of Delhi Sucha Nand killed by Banda Singh Bahadur and thousands of Mughal soldiers killed by Sikhs and those people who are involved in martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh younger sons (Saka Sirhind affair)
Battle of Saharanpur (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Behat (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Ambheta (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Nanautu (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Jalalabad (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Inconclusive
Battle Of Muzaffarnagar (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Rahon (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Thanesar (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Mughal Victory
Siege of Lohgarh (1710)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Mughal Victory
Battle of Jammu (1712)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Mughal Victory
Battle Of Sadhaura (1712)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Lohgarh (1712)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Batala (1715)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle Of Kalanaur (1715)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Siege of Gurdaspur (1715)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Mughal Victory Banda Singh Bahadur and his soldiers captured and later executed End of the first Khalsa Raj soon after the battle
Battle of Wan (1726)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Thikriwala (1731)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Basarke (1736)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa Victory
Battle of Sarai Nurdin (1739)	Bhai Bota Singh and Bhai Garja Singh	Mughal Empire	Mughal Victory. Mughals suffer high casualties compared to Sikhs.
Battle of Rorī Sahib (1746)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory Jaspat Rai killed
Siege of Amritsar (1748)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Siege of Ram Rauni (1748-1749)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Jalandhar (1750)	Dallewalia Misl	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Patti (1754)	Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Sirhind (1764)	Sikh Misls	Mughal Empire and Durrani Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Delhi (1764)	Bharatpur State Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Bharatpur and Sikh Victory
Sikh Raids on Delhi (1764-1788)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire and Allies	Sikh Victory
Fourth Battle of Panipat (1770)	Sikh Misls	Mughal Empire and Rohillas	Sikh Victory
Siege of Kunjpura (1772)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire,Durrani Empire and Maratha Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle Of Multan (1772)	Sikh Misls	Mughal Empire and Durrani Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Ghanaur (1778)	Sikh Misls	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Siege of Patiala (1779)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Shafi's Campaign against the Sikhs (1780-1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Sirhind (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory
Battle of Delhi (1783)	Sikh Misls	Mughal Empire	Sikh Victory

References

Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 820. ISBN 9788126908585.
Fenech, Louis E. (2013). The Sikh Ẓafar-nāmah of Guru Gobind Singh : a discursive blade in the heart of the Mughal Empire. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-19-998060-4. OCLC 826068533.
Raju, Karam Singh (1999). Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet of peace. ISBN 9380213646.
Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (21 February 2012). Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice. ISBN 978-0-19-908877-5.
Fenech, Louis E. (2013). The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire. ISBN 978-0-19-993145-3.
Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 822. ISBN 9788126908585.
"EPISODE-39 (PANJ PYARE-2 BHAI DHARAM SINGH & DR, DAULAT SNGH) – Avatar Meher Baba Prasar Kendra". Retrieved 16 October 2020.
"Punj Piare ~ Bhai Dharam Singh | Anandpur Sahib | SinghSahib.com ~ a complete portal on Sikhism". www.singhsahib.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
Tree, Speaking (1 December 2016). "Bhai Dharam Singh". Speaking Tree. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
"Gurdwara Bhai Daya Singh Bhai Dharam Singh Nanded | Discover Sikhism". www.discoversikhism.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
History of Islam, p. 506, at Google Books
Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications.
Raj Pal Singh (2004). The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years. Pentagon Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9788186505465.
Singha, H.S. (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 34. ISBN 9788170102458.

Sources

Shaw, Jeffrey M.; Demy, Timothy J., eds. (2017). War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict. ABC-CLIO. pp. 574–577. ISBN 978-1-61069-517-6.
Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 421. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.

External links

Media related to Mughal-Sikh Wars at Wikimedia Commons

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[1] Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 820. ISBN 9788126908585.

[:0-2] Fenech, Louis E. (2013). The Sikh Ẓafar-nāmah of Guru Gobind Singh : a discursive blade in the heart of the Mughal Empire. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-19-998060-4. OCLC 826068533.

[3] Raju, Karam Singh (1999). Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet of peace. ISBN 9380213646.

[4] Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (21 February 2012). Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice. ISBN 978-0-19-908877-5.

[5] Fenech, Louis E. (2013). The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire. ISBN 978-0-19-993145-3.

[6] Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 822. ISBN 9788126908585.

[7] "EPISODE-39 (PANJ PYARE-2 BHAI DHARAM SINGH & DR, DAULAT SNGH) – Avatar Meher Baba Prasar Kendra". Retrieved 16 October 2020.

[8] "Punj Piare ~ Bhai Dharam Singh | Anandpur Sahib | SinghSahib.com ~ a complete portal on Sikhism". www.singhsahib.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

[9] Tree, Speaking (1 December 2016). "Bhai Dharam Singh". Speaking Tree. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

[10] "Gurdwara Bhai Daya Singh Bhai Dharam Singh Nanded | Discover Sikhism". www.discoversikhism.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

[auto-11] History of Islam, p. 506, at Google Books

[12] Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications.

[13] Raj Pal Singh (2004). The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years. Pentagon Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9788186505465.

[14] Singha, H.S. (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 34. ISBN 9788170102458.

List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs

Battles

See also

References

External links