Nesotrochis

Nesotrochis; Temporal range: Late Pleistocene to Holocene
	leg and foot bones of Nesotrochis debooyi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Gruiformes
Genus:	†Nesotrochis; Wetmore, 1918
Species
	†N. debooyi Wetmore, 1918; †N. steganinos Olson, 1974; †N. picapicensis Fischer & Stephan, 1971;

Nesotrochis is a genus of extinct flightless birds, formerly native to the islands of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean.[1] Its species are considered examples of insular gigantism.[1] It contains 3 species known from subfossil remains of Late Pleistocene and Holocene age found in cave deposits, and consequently they have been collectively referred to as the West Indian cave rails. Previously considered rails in the family Rallidae, In 2021, DNA analysis of a complete mitochondrial genome of N. steganinos indicated that they were not rails but an independent lineage of gruiform birds, with their closest relatives being the family Sarothruridae native to Africa, Madagascar, New Guinea and Wallacea, and the extinct adzebills of New Zealand.[2]

Antillean cave rail, Nesotrochis debooyi (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, West Indies) - may have survived until historic times
Haitian cave rail, Nesotrochis steganinos (Haiti, West Indies) - prehistoric
Cuban cave rail, Nesotrochis picapicensis (Cuba, West Indies) - prehistoric

References

Livezey, Bradley C. (22 October 1997). "A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1378): 2077–2151. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0353. PMC 1692427.
Oswald, Jessica A.; Terrill, Ryan S.; Stucky, Brian J.; LeFebvre, Michelle J.; Steadman, David W.; Guralnick, Robert P.; Allen, Julie M. (March 2021). "Ancient DNA from the extinct Haitian cave-rail ( Nesotrochis steganinos ) suggests a biogeographic connection between the Caribbean and Old World". Biology Letters. 17 (3): rsbl.2020.0760, 20200760. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2020.0760. ISSN 1744-957X. PMID 33726563.

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[Livezey-1] Livezey, Bradley C. (22 October 1997). "A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1378): 2077–2151. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0353. PMC 1692427.

[2] Oswald, Jessica A.; Terrill, Ryan S.; Stucky, Brian J.; LeFebvre, Michelle J.; Steadman, David W.; Guralnick, Robert P.; Allen, Julie M. (March 2021). "Ancient DNA from the extinct Haitian cave-rail ( Nesotrochis steganinos ) suggests a biogeographic connection between the Caribbean and Old World". Biology Letters. 17 (3): rsbl.2020.0760, 20200760. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2020.0760. ISSN 1744-957X. PMID 33726563.