Nguyễn Phú Trọng

Nguyễn Phú Trọng (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋwiən˦ˀ˥ fu˧˦ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]; born 14 April 1944) is a Vietnamese politician who has served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the country's highest political position, since 2011. In addition, Nguyễn Phú Trọng served as president of Vietnam from 2018 to 2021. As general secretary, Nguyễn Phú Trọng heads the party's secretariat[1][2][3] and is the Secretary of the Central Military Commission[4][5] in addition to being the de facto head of the politburo, the country's highest decision-making body, which currently makes him Vietnam's paramount leader.[6]

In this Vietnamese name, the surname is Nguyễn. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Trọng.
Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Nguyễn Phú Trọng in 2022
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Assumed office
19 January 2011
Permanent MemberLê Hồng Anh
Đinh Thế Huynh
Trần Quốc Vượng
Võ Văn Thưởng
Trương Thị Mai
Preceded byNông Đức Mạnh
Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party
Assumed office
19 January 2011
DeputyPhùng Quang Thanh
Ngô Xuân Lịch
Phan Văn Giang
Preceded byNông Đức Mạnh
10th President of Vietnam
In office
23 October 2018 – 5 April 2021
Prime MinisterNguyễn Xuân Phúc
Vice PresidentĐặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
Preceded byTrần Đại Quang
Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh (acting)
Succeeded byNguyễn Xuân Phúc
Chairman of the National Assembly
In office
26 June 2006 – 23 July 2011
Preceded byNguyễn Văn An
Succeeded byNguyễn Sinh Hùng
Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee
In office
January 2000 – 26 June 2006
Preceded byLê Xuân Tùng
Succeeded byPhạm Quang Nghị
Personal details
Born (1944-04-14) 14 April 1944
Đông Hội, Đông Anh, French Indochina
(now Đông Anh, Hanoi, Vietnam)
Political partyCommunist Party of Vietnam (1968–present)
SpouseNgô Thị Mân
Children2
Residence(s)5 Thiền Quang street, Nguyễn Du, Hai Bà Trưng, Hanoi
Alma materUniversity of Hanoi
National Academy of Public Administration
Russian Academy of Sciences
Occupation
  • Politician
  • professor

He was the Chairman of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011, representing the constituency of Hanoi. He was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam at the party's 11th National Congress in 2011[7][8][9][10] and re-elected twice at the 12th National Congress in 2016 and the 13th National Congress in 2021.[11]

On 3 October 2018, following the death of President Trần Đại Quang, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam formally nominated Nguyễn Phú Trọng for the presidency, which was voted on at a subsequent session of the National Assembly, where the party holds an overwhelming majority. This made Trọng the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after Hồ Chí Minh (in North Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh. On 23 October 2018, he was elected as the ninth President of Vietnam in a meeting of the sixth session of the National Assembly. Nguyễn Phú Trọng stepped down from the presidency in 2021 but remained head of the Communist Party. In January 2021, Trọng secured a third term as General Secretary, becoming the third leader of Vietnam to do so (the others being Hồ Chí Minh & Lê Duẩn).

Early life and career
General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng arrives at Joint Base Andrews to meet President Barack Obama, 6 July 2015
President Donald Trump and President Nguyễn Phú Trọng in front of a statue of Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh, 27 February 2019

Nguyễn Phú Trọng was born in Đông Hội Commune, Đông Anh District. His official biography gives his family background only as "average peasant".[12] He studied philology and earned his Bachelor degree in philology at Vietnam National University, Hanoi from 1963 to 1967. Nguyễn Phú Trọng officially became a member of the Communist Party of Vietnam in December 1968. He worked for the Tạp chí Cộng Sản (Communist Review), the theoretical and political agency of the Communist Party of Vietnam (formerly the Labor Party) in the periods of 1968–1973, 1976–1981 and 1983–1996. From 1973 to 1976, he underwent a political-economic post-graduate course at the High-level Nguyễn Ái Quốc Party School (now the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration). From 1991 to 1996, he served as the editor-in-chief of the Tạp chí Cộng Sản. Nguyễn Phú Trọng went to the Soviet Union in 1981 to study at the Academy of Sciences and received a Candidate of Sciences degree in history in 1983.[13] In 1998, Nguyễn Phú Trọng entered the party section devoted to political work, making him one of the most prominent Vietnamese political theoreticians, heading the party Central Committee's Theoretical Council in charge of the party's theoretical work from 2001 to 2006.

Nguyễn Phú Trọng is a Marxist theoretician, and has long railed against some party members' loss of "Marxist-Leninist virtue".[14]

Nguyễn Phú Trọng has been member of the party's Central Committee since January 1994, member of the party's Political Bureau since December 1997 and deputy to the National Assembly since May 2002. From January 2000 to June 2006, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was secretary of the party's Executive Committee of Hanoi, the de facto head of the city authority. On June 26, 2006, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected as the Chairman of the National Assembly.[15] During this period, he was elected secretary of the party organization in the National Assembly and member of the Council for Defence and Security. On October 23, 2018, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected as the 10th President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in a seasonal meeting of National Assembly.[16]

General Secretaryship

First term (2011—16)
Further information: 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 13th National Assembly of Vietnam

Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2011, making him the top leader of Vietnam. The 5th plenum of the 11th Central Committee decided to take the Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption away from the Prime Minister's control and Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected its head.[17][18]

On October 11, 2011, he made his first visit to China as General Secretary. According to the VNA, Hu Jintao and Nguyễn Phú Trọng both agreed to avoid complicating the situation in the East Sea and calmly handle disagreements through peaceful negotiations. Vice President of China Xi Jinping came to Vietnam to concretize the results and common perceptions that the leaders of Vietnam - China raised when Mr. Trong came to China during his previous visit in October. In 2015, Mr. Trọng paid a visit to China. According to the VNA, the two leaders emphasized continuing efforts to well implement the motto "friendly neighbourliness, comprehensive cooperation, long-term stability, towards the future." future" and the spirit of "good neighbours, good friends, good comrades, good partners," always firmly grasping the development direction of Vietnam-China relations.

On 6 July 2015, General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng arrived in the United States to begin his United States visit to July 10, 2015. This visit coincided with the milestone of twenty years since the United States and Vietnam normalized diplomatic relations. The talks with President Barack Obama were about human rights, security and defense and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[19][20]

Second term (2016—21)
Further information: 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 14th National Assembly of Vietnam

On 27 January 2016, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary by the 1st Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee.[21] At 72 years old, he was the 12th Committee's oldest member. For this term, Nguyễn Phú Trọng is ranked number one in the Politburo, marking a return to normality.

Nguyễn Phú Trọng hopes, under a one-party rule, to strengthen Vietnam's position in the world, turning it into an industrial country rather than a country that produces on primary products.[22] "A country without discipline would be chaotic and unstable [...]. [W]e need to balance democracy and law and order", he said at the close of a meeting to choose the country's leadership for the next five years. "I very much hope the new faces in the politburo will push with reforms and bring the country forward, but I don't know whether they can do that", said Tran Thi Tram. "They will also have to really tackle the corruption problem, otherwise the people would be the ones to suffer most".[22]

On 3 October 2018, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was chosen by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam with 100% support to become the party nominee for the position of the President of Vietnam, becoming the official successor of Trần Đại Quang.[23][24]

The National Assembly elected Nguyễn Phú Trọng as state president on October 23, 2018 with 99.79% percent of the vote. His swearing-in ceremony took place at the Grand Hall and was broadcast live on the afternoon on state radio and television systems.[25]

On 14 April 2019, it was reported that Nguyễn Phú Trọng had been rushed to the Chợ Rẫy Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City after visiting Kiên Giang, according to overseas news sources.[26][27] He was rumoured to have suffered a stroke.[28] The Vietnamese government initially had no comment on the subject matter, but later confirmed from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam that he was "unwell, but will soon return to work".[29] He reappeared on May 14, 2019 to discuss about the upcoming Party Congress.[30]

Third term (2021—present)
Further information: 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 15th National Assembly of Vietnam

On 31 January 2021, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary for a third term by the 1st Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee, making him the first leader since Lê Duẩn (1969-1986) to serve more than two terms.[11][31]

On 1 February 2021, Nguyễn Phú Trọng attended a press conference. Nguyễn Phú Trọng said I am not in great health [...] I am old and I want to rest, but the Congress has elected me so I will comply with my duty to serve as a party member..[32]

The National Assembly on 2 April 2021 voted to relieve Nguyễn Phú Trọng's presidency with 91.25% of the vote. Nguyễn Phú Trọng remains de facto top leader in the country, serving as the General Secretary of the Communist Party.[33]

Personal life

Nguyễn Phú Trọng is married to Ngô Thị Mân.[34] He has one daughter and one son,[35][36] both of whom work as Government employees.[37]

Awards

 China:

 Cuba:

Communist Party of the Russian Federation:

Published works

Books
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2004). Viet Nam on The Path of Renewal (Việt Nam Trong Tiến Trình Đổi Mới). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 351 p.[41]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2015). Renewal in Việt Nam: Theory and Reality (Đổi Mới ở Việt Nam: Lý thuyết và thực tiễn). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 397 p.[42]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong; Tran Dinh Nghiem; Vu Hien (1995). Vietnam from 1986 (Việt Nam từ năm 1986). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 116 p.[43]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2019) Determined to prevent and fight corruption (Quyết tâm ngăn chặn và đẩy lùi tham nhũng), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 380 p.[44]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2021) Bringing the country into a new phase in a united and confident manner (Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 752 p.[45]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2021) The whole Party and people join hands and unite to build our country more and more prosperous and happy (Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc). Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher (2021), 608 p.[46]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2023) Resolutely and persistently fight against corruption and negativity, contributing to building an increasingly clean and strong Party and State (Kiên quyết, kiên trì đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực, góp phần xây dựng Đảng và Nhà nước ta ngày càng trong sạch, vững mạnh. Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 600 p.[47]

See also

References
  1. "Party leader Trong announces Central Committee Secretariat", Viet Nam News, February 10, 2011.
  2. "11th CPVCC Secretariat members named", Vietnam News Agency, February 9, 2011.
  3. (in Vietnamese) "Ban Chấp hành trung ương, Bộ Chính trị, Ban Bí thư Archived 2013-01-30 at the Wayback Machine, Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam, 25 January 2011.
  4. (in Vietnamese) "Tổ chức trọng thể lễ tang Thượng tướng Nguyễn Trọng Xuyên Archived April 22, 2013, at archive.today", VOV Online, 27 June 2012.
  5. "Tổng Bí thư dự Hội nghị quân chính toàn quân Archived June 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine", VOV Online, 16 December 2011.
  6. (in Vietnamese) "BBC News".
  7. Vietnam: Foreign Policy and Government Guide International Business Publications, USA. – 2007– Page 8 "General Secretary Nông Ðức Mạnh – President Nguyễn Minh Triết – Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng – National Assembly Chairman Nguyễn Phú Trọng"
  8. "Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party Chief", Vietnam News Agency, January 19, 2011.
  9. "Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party General Secretary Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine", Nhan Dan, January 19, 2011.
  10. "Party Congress announces CPVCC Politburo members", VGP News, January 19, 2011
  11. "Biography of Nguyen Phu Trong, General Secretary of 13th Party Central Committee". en.nhandan.com.vn. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  12. "Biography of Party General Secretary, President Nguyễn Phú Trọng". vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  13. Нгуен Фу Чонг - Деятельность Коммунистической партии Вьетнама по укреплению ее связи с массами на современном этапе : с учетом опыта КПСС : диссертация ... кандидата исторических наук : 07.00.14 - Search RSL. search.rsl.ru (Thesis) (in Russian). 1983. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  14. "The Costs of Trong's Crusade Against Corruption in Vietnam". www.worldpoliticsreview.com. 28 May 2019.
  15. "Vietnam confirms new leadership", BBC, June 27, 2006.
  16. Van, Yves Dam (23 October 2018). "Vietnam parliament elects Communist Party chief as president". AP NEWS. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  17. (in Vietnamese) "Tổng Bí thư sẽ làm Trưởng Ban Chỉ đạo phòng, chống tham nhũng Archived 2012-09-12 at the Wayback Machine", Pháp luật & Xã hội, May 16, 2012.
  18. "Party Central Committee's conference concludes", VOV Online, May 15, 2012.
  19. "Tổng thống Obama tiếp TBT Nguyễn Phú Trọng tại phòng Bầu dục ở Nhà trắng". Radio Free Asia (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  20. "Vietnam Communist party chief to make first US trip". US news. Associated Press. 4 July 2015.
  21. Xuxin, ed. (27 January 2016). "Nguyen Phu Trong re-elected as Vietnam's communist party chief". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  22. "One-party rule best for Vietnam, says leader". The Guardian. Associated Press. 28 January 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  23. Trung ương giới thiệu Tổng bí thư để bầu làm Chủ tịch nước, translation: Central Committee introduce the General secretary to become new President
  24. Vietnam nominates party chief as new president, Reuters, October 3, 2018
  25. Phan, Anh (23 October 2018). "It's official: Party chief Trong is Vietnam's new president". VnExpress International. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  26. "Sức khoẻ của TBT Nguyễn Phú Trọng không còn là bí mật 100%". BBC News Tiếng Việt (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  27. "PHÓNG SỰ VIỆT NAM: Nếu ông Nguyễn Phú Trọng bệnh nặng, ai sẽ là người lên thay?". youtube.com (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  28. "Vietnam Says President to Return to Work Soon Following Health Worry". Bloomberg News. 25 April 2019.
  29. "Bộ Ngoại Giao nói về sức khoẻ của Tổng bí thư". VnExpress. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  30. "Tổng bí thư trở lại làm việc và kỳ vọng "lò nóng, củi gộc'". Zing News. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  31. "Vietnam ruling Communist Party chief Trong re-elected for third term". Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  32. Vietnam’s Congress ends with focus on growth, graft fight and managing US-China ties - South China Morning Post(02/04/2021)
  33. "Vietnam's National Assembly relieves President Nguyen Phu Trong (Vietnamese)". vnexpress.net.
  34. "Việt Nam chào đón Chủ tịch Tập Cận Bình" [Vietnam welcomes President Xi Jinping]. Vietnamese BBC. BBC. 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng và phu nhân, bà Ngô Thị Mân[...] [General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng and his wife, Mrs Ngô Thị Mân[...]]
  35. "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch Nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "Vị Tướng" có vai trò đặc biệt trong cuộc chiến chống giặc nội xâm!" [General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "The General Officer" plays a special role in the fight against the internal invaders!]. phaply. 6 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Đám cưới con gái ruột[...] [At his biological daughter's wedding[...]]
  36. Nguyễn, Hưng (14 September 2011). "'Ghi chức danh trên thiệp cưới là biểu hiện trục lợi'" ['Writing a title on a wedding invitation is an expression of profiting']. VNExpress. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Cuối năm 2009, tôi [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] nhận được thiệp báo hỉ của Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng (khi ấy là Chủ tịch Quốc hội). Do không để ý đó là thiệp bảo hỉ, mở ra thấy đã qua ngày cưới của con trai ông[...] [At the end of 2009, I [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] received a congratulation card from General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng (formerly the Chairman of the National Assembly). Because I did not notice that was a congratulation card, I opened it and saw that it's past his son's wedding day[...]]
  37. Hoang, Thùy; Viết, Tuân (23 October 2018). "Tân Chủ tịch nước 'dành tiền lương mua công trái, gửi tiết kiệm'". VNExpress. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Theo ông Quảng, Tổng bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng có hai người con, một gái, một trai và đều là những công chức nhà nước bình thường. [According to Mr. Quảng, General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng has two children, one daughter and one son, and both are ordinary public servants of the Government.]
  38. "China Friendship Medal bestowed on Vietnamese Party leader". Voice of Vietnam. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  39. "Trong received Order of Jose Martí". Archived from the original on 1 August 2013.
  40. "General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong received Lenin Prize (in Vietnamese)". 16 December 2021.
  41. "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn.
  42. "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn.
  43. Vietnam from 1986 / Nguyen Phu Trong, Tran Dinh Nghiem, Vu Hien | National Library of Australia. catalogue.nla.gov.au. The Gioi Publishers. 1995.
  44. "Xuất bản cuốn sách". hanoimoi.com.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  45. "Sách "Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới"". stbook.vn (in Vietnamese).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. "Sách "Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc"" (in Vietnamese).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  47. "Ra mắt cuốn sách của Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng về đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực". dangcongsan.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 January 2023.
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