Pholidophoridae

Pholidophoridae is an extinct family of primitive stem-teleost fish that lived during the Triassic period. Most of the genera are from the Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian ages) of Europe, but one (Malingichthys) is known from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of China.[1] The pholidophorids were historically united with several other stem-teleost lineages into the order Pholidophoriformes; however, Pholidophoriformes in its traditional sense is now thought to be paraphyletic with respect to crown group teleosts.[3]

Pholidophoridae
Temporal range:
Fossil of Pholidorhynchodon malzanni
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Pholidophoriformes
Family: Pholidophoridae
Woodward, 1890
Genera[1]
  • Annaichthys Arratia, 2013
  • Ceneichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2015[2]
  • Eopholidophorus Zambelli, 1989
  • Knerichthys Arratia, 2013
  • Lombardichthys Arratia, 2017
  • Malingichthys Tintori et al., 2015
  • Parapholidophorus Zambelli, 1975
  • Pholidoctenus Zambelli, 1977
  • Pholidophoretes Griffith, 1977
  • Pholidophorus Agassiz, 1832 (Type)
  • Pholidorhynchodon Zambelli, 1980
  • Zambellichthys Arratia, 2013

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram simplified after Bean (2021):[4]

Teleosteomorpha

Pachycormidae

Aspidorhynchidae

Teleostei

Archaeomaenidae

Pholidophoridae

Annaichthys

Pholidophoretes

Malingichthys

Pholidoctenus

Parapholidophorus

Pholidophorus

Lombardichthys

Pholidorhynchodon

Prohalecites

Eurycormus

Ankylophoridae

Ichthyokentema

Dorsetichthys

Leptolepis

Ascalaboidae

Varasichthyidae

Crown group Teleostei

References

  1. Arratia, G. (2017). "New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1312690. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312690.
  2. Taverne, L. (2018). "The Mesozoic fish genus Pholidophorus (Teleostei, Pholidophoriformes), with an osteological study of the type-species Pholidophorus latiusculus. Comments on some problems concerning the "pholidophoriform" fishes" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 42 (1): 89–116.
  3. Arratia, G. (2013). "Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (sup1): 1–138. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.835642.
  4. Bean, L. B. (2021). "Revision of the Mesozoic freshwater fish clade Archaeomaenidae". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (2): 217–259. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.1937700.


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