List of ports in India

India has a coastline spanning 7516.6 kilometres, forming one of the biggest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 per cent of India's trading by volume and 68 per cent by value is done through maritime transport. It is serviced by 13 major ports (12 Government-owned and one private) and 187 notified minor and intermediate ports. Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed of its status recently. The total 200 major and non-major ports are present in the following States: Maharashtra (53); Gujarat (40); Kerala (20); Tamil Nadu (15); Karnataka (10) and others (63).[1] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagarmala project,[2] and National Maritime Development Programme.[3]

Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India

Classification of ports

Indian government has a federal structure, and according to its constitution, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

Major ports handled over 74% of all cargo traffic in 2007. All except Kamarajar Port Limited are government administered, but private sector participation in ports has increased. There are also 7 shipyards under the control of the central government of India, 2 shipyards controlled by state governments, and 19 privately owned shipyards.

As of 2000, there were 102 shipping companies operating in India, of which five were privately owned and based in India and one was owned by Shipping Corporation of India. There were 639 government-owned ships, including 91 oil tankers, 79 dry cargo bulk carriers, and 10 cellular container vessels. The Indian-flagged vessels carried about 15 percent of overseas cargo at Indian ports for financial year 2003.

Ship breaking

As of January 2020, India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.[4] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard.[4] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit.[5]

Cargo handled

The following table gives the detailed data about the 27 major & big ports of India as of 2013.[6] (Source: Indian Ports Association and Indian Private Ports & Terminals Association )

No. Name Estb. Date/Year Image City State Cargo Handled
(FY2017-18)		 Container Traffic
(FY2017-18)		 Ownership Coast
million tonnes % Increase
(over previous FY)		 '000 TEUs % Increase
(over previous FY)
1 Mundra Port 1998 MundraGujarat150Adani GroupWestern
2 Deendayal Port Trust 1965 KandlaGujarat110.104.42% ↑11795.73% ↑Government of IndiaWestern
3 Paradip Port Authority 18th April 1966 ParadeepOdisha102.0114.68% ↑771.43% ↑Government of IndiaEastern
4 Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust 1988 Navi MumbaiMaharashtra66.006.20% ↑4,8336.89% ↑Government of IndiaWestern
5 Visakhapatnam Port Trust 1933 VisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh63.544.12% ↑3895.66% ↑Government of IndiaEastern
6 Mumbai Port Trust 1873 MumbaiMaharashtra62.83-0.35% ↓42-2.38% ↓Government of IndiaWestern
7 Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port Trust 1870 Kolkata West Bengal57.8913.61% ↑7963.02% ↑Government of IndiaEastern
8 Karaikal Port 2009 KaraikalPuducherry55Adani GroupEastern
9 Chennai Port Trust 1881 Chennai Tamil Nadu51.883.32% ↑1,5493.49% ↑Government of IndiaEastern
10 JSW Jaigad Port 2006 Ratnagiri districtMaharashtra50JSW GroupWestern
11 Haldia Port Trust 1967 HaldiaWest Bengal48.618.61% ↑1153.45% ↑Government of IndiaWestern
12 Krishnapatnam Port 2008 KrishnapatnamAndra Pradesh45Adani GroupEastern
13 New Mangaluru Port Trust 1974 MangaluruKarnataka42.065.28% ↑11517.39% ↑Government of IndiaWestern
14 Kamarajar Port 2001 EnnoreTamil Nadu38Adani GroupEastern
15 V.O. Chidambaranar Port Trust 1974 ThoothukkudiTamil Nadu36.58-4.91% ↓6988.02% ↑Government of IndiaEastern
16 JSW Dharamtar Port 2012 AlibagMaharastra34JSW GroupWestern
17 Cochin Port Trust 24 February 1964 KochiKerala32.0216.52% ↑73511.69% ↑Government of IndiaWestern
18 Hazira Port 2013 HaziraGujarat30Adani GroupWestern
19 Dighi Port 2000 Raigad districtMaharashtra30Adani GroupEastern
20 Mormugao Port Trust 1985 MormugaoGoa26.90-18.94% ↓326.25% ↑Government of IndiaWestern
21 Dhamra Port 2011 Bhadrak districtOdisha25Adani GroupEastern
22 Gopalpur port 2013 ChhatrapurOdisha25Shapoorji Pallonji GroupEastern
23 Gangavaram Port 2009 VisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh18.04Adani GroupEastern
24 Kattupalli Port 2013 KattupalliTamil Nadu18Adani GroupEastern
25 Dahej Port 2010 Bharuch districtGujarat17.5Adani GroupWestern
26 Kakinada Port 1999 East GodavariAndra Pradesh14Aurobindo GroupEastern
27 APM Terminals Pipavav 2002 PipavavGujarat2-46% ↓1.35MaerskWestern
All Ports India1,234.14.77% ↑9,1387.62% ↑-

Port Handling Equipment

India has multiple port machinery companies such as TRF , McNally Bharat Engineering etc.

References
  1. "MoS, GoI". Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2019.
  2. "Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project". Economic Times, Times of India. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  3. "National Maritime Development Programme". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  4. India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  5. Sucheth, P R (26 May 2014). "Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  6. "Operational Details". Indian Ports Association. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
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