List of presidents of Turkey
The following is a complete list of people who held the office of President of Turkey. There have been twelve heads of state since the inception of the republican period in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence.
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For a list of rulers of the predecessor Ottoman Empire, see List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire.
List of presidents (1923–present)
- Political parties
- Republican People's Party
- Democrat Party
- Justice Party
- Motherland Party
- True Path Party
- Justice and Development Party
- Other factions
- Status
Denotes acting president
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Previous office | Elected | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||||
| Parliamentary system (1923–2018) | ||||||||||
| 1 |  |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938) |
29 October 1923 | 1 November 1927 | 15 years, 12 days | Republican People's Party | 1st Speaker of the Grand National Assembly | 1 | 1923 | |
| 1 November 1927 | 4 May 1931 | 2 | 1927 | |||||||
| 4 May 1931 | 1 March 1935 | 3 | 1931 | |||||||
| 1 March 1935 | 10 November 1938 (died in office.) | 4 | 1935 | |||||||
| — |  |
Abdülhalik Renda (1881–1957) |
10 November 1938 | 11 November 1938 | 1 day | Republican People's Party | 4th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly | — | ||
| 2 |  |
İsmet İnönü (1884–1973) |
11 November 1938 | 3 April 1939 | 11 years, 197 days | Republican People's Party | 1st Prime Minister of Turkey | 5 | 1938 | |
| 3 April 1939 | 8 March 1943 | 6 | 1939 | |||||||
| 8 March 1943 | 5 August 1946 | 7 | 1943 | |||||||
| 5 August 1946 | 27 May 1950 | 8 | 1946 | |||||||
| 3 |  |
Celâl Bayar (1883–1986) |
27 May 1950 | 14 May 1954 | 10 years | Democrat Party | 3rd Prime Minister of Turkey | 9 | 1950 | |
| 14 May 1954 | 1 November 1957 | 10 | 1954 | |||||||
| 1 November 1957 | 27 May 1960[lower-alpha 1] | 11 | 1957 | |||||||
| — |  |
National Unity Committee Milli Birlik Komitesi Chairman: General Cemal Gürsel (1895–1966) |
27 May 1960 | 10 October 1961 | 1 year, 136 days | Martial law (sıkıyönetim) by Turkish Armed Forces |
10th Commander of the Turkish Army | — | ||
| 4 | |
Cemal Gürsel (1895–1966) |
10 October 1961 | 2 February 1966[lower-alpha 2] | 4 years, 115 days | Independent | Chairman of the National Unity Committee | 12 | 1961 | |
| — |  |
İbrahim Şevki Atasagun (1899–1984) |
2 February 1966 | 28 March 1966 | 54 days | Independent | 3rd Chairman of the Senate of Turkey | — | ||
| 5 | %252C%252C_Bestanddeelnr_916-7535_(cropped).jpg.webp) |
Cevdet Sunay (1899–1982) |
28 March 1966 | 28 March 1973 | 7 years | Independent | 12th Chief of the Turkish General Staff | 13 | 1966 | |
| — |  |
Tekin Arıburun (1903–1993) |
28 March 1973 | 6 April 1973 | 9 days | Justice Party | 4th Chairman of the Senate of Turkey | — | ||
| 6 | Fahri Korutürk (1903–1987) |
6 April 1973 | 6 April 1980 | 7 years | Independent | 3rd Commander of the Turkish Navy | 14 | 1973 | ||
| — | .jpg.webp) |
İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil (1908–1993) |
6 April 1980 | 12 September 1980[lower-alpha 3] | 159 days | Justice Party | 6th Chairman of the Senate of Turkey | — | ||
| — | .png.webp) |
National Security Council Milli Güvenlik Kurulu Chairman: General Kenan Evren (1917–2015) |
12 September 1980 | 9 November 1982 | 2 years, 58 days | Martial law (sıkıyönetim) by Turkish Armed Forces |
17th Chief of the Turkish General Staff | — | ||
| 7 | |
Kenan Evren (1917–2015) |
9 November 1982 | 9 November 1989 | 7 years | Independent | Chairman of the National Security Council | 15 | 1982 | |
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Turgut Özal (1927–1993) |
9 November 1989 | 17 April 1993 (died in office.) |
3 years, 159 days | Motherland Party | 19th Prime Minister of Turkey | 16 | 1989 | |
| — |  |
Hüsamettin Cindoruk (born 1933) |
17 April 1993 | 16 May 1993 | 29 days | True Path Party | 17th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly | — | ||
| 9 |  |
Süleyman Demirel (1924–2015) |
16 May 1993 | 16 May 2000 | 7 years | True Path Party | 12th Prime Minister of Turkey | 17 | 1993 | |
| 10 |  |
Ahmet Necdet Sezer (born 1941) |
16 May 2000 | 28 August 2007 | 7 years, 104 days | Independent | 14th President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey | 18 | 2000 | |
| 11 | .jpg.webp) |
Abdullah Gül (born 1950) |
28 August 2007 | 28 August 2014 | 7 years | Justice and Development Party | 40th Minister of Foreign Affairs | 19 | 2007 | |
| 12 | .jpg.webp) |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 1954) |
28 August 2014 | 9 July 2018 | 3 years, 315 days | Justice and Development Party | 25th Prime Minister of Turkey | 20 | 2014 | |
| Presidential system (2018–present) | ||||||||||
| 12 | |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 1954) |
9 July 2018 | Incumbent | 4 years, 312 days | Justice and Development Party | 25th Prime Minister of Turkey | 21 | 2018 | |
Timeline
See also
Notes
- Deposed in the 1960 Turkish coup d'état.
- Removed from office due to ill health.
- Deposed in the 1980 Turkish coup d'état.
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