Probolinggo Regency

The Dutch marines landed in Situbondo on 21 July 1947. They didn't meet much resistance from Indonesian forces. Some of them headed west to attacked Probolinggo from the east of the regency. At 16.15 on the same day, the forces supported by armored vehicles already arrived at Kraksaan. At 17.30, they already held the downtown area.[3]

On 22 July morning, the Dutch seized the port of the city. They then set up perimeter near the railway, but met heavy resistance there. At night, Indonesian forces launched a counter-attack that made the Dutch forces pulled back to the port area. On 23 July, the Dutch launched an attack in Ledok Ombo village killing 15 soldiers of Indonesian forces.[4]

Indonesian forces launched small scale attacks to the Dutch defensive posts until early August. They also conducted scorched earth strategy to prevent the Dutch forces utilizing Indonesian facilities and food supply.[5]

In late Dutch East Indies rule, there were 3 districts in Probolinggo regency: Probolinggo, Tongas, and Sukapura. Probolinggo district itself was divided into 5 onderdistriks namely Probolinggo, Kanigaran, Wonoasih, Bantaran, and Leces.[8]

Probolinggo Regency consists of twenty-four districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and population totals from the 2010 Census[9] and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2021.[10] The table also includes the number of administrative villages (rural desa and urban kelurahan) in each district, and its postal codes.

Notes: (a) excluding the village of Besuk, which has a post code of 67283. (b) includes the offshore island of Pulau Giliketapang.

The location is about 1 hour from Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park which Pekalen river cuts Probolinggo city. With difficulty up to grade 3+, there are many bat caves and also small waterfalls along the cliff of Pekalen river which are difficult to find at other rivers.[13][14]