Sordariomycetes

Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota).[1] Sordariomycetes is from the Latin sordes (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class.

Sordariomycetes
Sordaria fimicola perithecium magnified 40x
Sordaria fimicola perithecium magnified 40x
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
(unranked): Saccharomyceta
Subdivision: Pezizomycotina
(unranked): Leotiomyceta
(unranked): Sordariomyceta
Class: Sordariomycetes
O.E.Erikss. & Winka (1997)
Subclasses & orders

In 2013, it consisted of 3 subclasses, 12 orders, 600 genera and 3000 species,[2] Then by 2015, it had 3 subclasses, 28 orders, 90 families and 1344 genera.[1] This has increased to 4 subclasses and 54 orders.[3]

Sordariomycetes generally produce their asci in perithecial fruiting bodies.

Sordariomycetes are also known as Pyrenomycetes, from the Greek πυρἠν - 'the stone of a fruit' - because of the usually somewhat tough texture of their tissue.[4]

Sordariomycetes possess great variability in morphology, growth form, and habitat. Most have perithecial (flask-shaped) fruiting bodies, but ascomata can be less frequently cleistothecial (such as in the genera Anixiella, Apodus, Boothiella, Thielavia and Zopfiella).[5][6] Fruiting bodies may be solitary or gregarious, superficial, or immersed within stromata or tissues of the substrates and can be light to bright or black. Members of this group can grow in soil, dung, leaf litter, and decaying wood as decomposers, as well as being fungal parasites, and insect, human, and plant pathogens.[7][8][9]

Subclasses and Orders

As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020.[3]

Subclass Diaporthomycetidae

Subclass Hypocreomycetidae

Subclass Lulworthiomycetidae

Subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae

  • Pisorisporiales (contains family Pisorisporiaceae and genera; Achroceratosphaeria and Pisorisporium)

Subclass Savoryellomycetidae

  • Conioscyphales (contains family Conioscyphaceae and genus Conioscypha)
  • Fuscosporellales (contains family Fuscosporellaceae with genera; Bactrodesmiastrum, Fuscosporella, Mucispora, Parafuscosporella, Plagiascoma and Pseudoascotaiwania)
  • Pleurotheciales (contains family Pleurotheciaceae with genera; Adelosphaeria, Anapleurothecium, Helicoascotaiwania, Melanotrigonum, Neomonodictys, Phaeoisaria, Pleurotheciella, Pleurothecium and Sterigmatobotrys)
  • Savoryellales (contains family Savoryellaceae with genera; Ascotaiwania, Canalisporium, Dematiosporium, Monotosporella, Neoascotaiwania and Savoryella)

Subclass Sordariomycetidae

Subclass Xylariomycetidae

Order incertae sedis
  • Amplistromatales
  • Tracyllalales
  • Vermiculariopsiellales
  • Xylobotryales

Familia incertae sedis

These are families in the Sordariomycetes whose taxonomic affinities are not sufficiently well known to be placed in any order.

Genera incertae sedis

These 108 genera within the Sordariomycetes have an uncertain taxonomic placement (incertae sedis), according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota. A question mark preceding the genus name means the placement of that genus within this order is uncertain.[11] Abyssomyces – Acerbiella – Acrospermoides – Ameromassaria – Amphisphaerellula – Amphisphaerina – Amphorulopsis – Amylis – Anthostomaria – Anthostomellina – Apharia – Apodothina – Apogaeumannomyces – Aquadulciospora – Aquamarina – Aropsiclus – Ascorhiza – Ascoyunnania – Assoa – Aulospora – Azbukinia – Bactrosphaeria – Barrina – Biporispora – Bombardiastrum – Brenesiella – Byrsomyces – Byssotheciella – Caleutypa – Calosphaeriopsis – Caproniella – Chaetoamphisphaeria – Ciliofusospora – Clypeoceriospora – Clypeosphaerulina – Cryptoascus – Cryptomycina – Cryptovalsa – Cucurbitopsis – Curvatispora – Dasysphaeria – Delpinoella – Diacrochordon – Dontuzia – Dryosphaera – Endoxylina – Esfandiariomyces – Frondisphaera – Glabrotheca – Heliastrum – Hyaloderma – Hydronectria – Hypotrachynicola – Immersisphaeria – Iraniella – Khuskia – Konenia – Kravtzevia – Kurssanovia – Lecythium – Leptosacca – Leptosphaerella – Leptosporina – Lyonella – Mangrovispora – Melomastia – Microcyclephaeria – Mirannulata – Monosporascus – Myrmecridium – ?Naumovela – ?Neocryptospora – Neolamya – Neothyridaria – Oceanitis – Ophiomassaria – Ornatispora – Pareutypella – Phomatospora – Phyllocelis – Plectosphaerella – Pleocryptospora – Pleosphaeria – Pontogeneia – Porodiscus – Protocucurbitaria – Pulvinaria – Pumilus – Rehmiomycella – Rhamphosphaeria – Rhizophila – Rimaconus – Rhopographella – Rhynchosphaeria – Rivulicola – Romellina – Saccardoëlla – Sarcopyrenia – Sartorya – Scharifia – Scoliocarpon – Scotiosphaeria – Servaziella – Sporoctomorpha – Stearophora – Stegophorella – Stellosetifera – Stomatogenella – Sungaiicola – Synsphaeria – Tamsiniella – Thelidiella – Thyridella – Thyrotheca – Trichospermella – Trichosphaeropsis – Vleugelia – Zignoina

References
  1. Maharachchikumbura, S. S., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. G., McKenzie, E. H., Huang, S. K., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., ... & Hongsanan, S.. (2015). Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. " Fungal Diversity. pp. 199–301.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. H.C. Dube An Introduction to Fungi, 4th Ed. (2013) , p. 224, at Google Books
  3. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  4. Century Dictionary entry for pyrenomycetes
  5. Lundqvist, N. (1972). "Nordic Sordariaceae s. lat". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. 20: 1–374. ISSN 0082-0644. urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-124116.
  6. von Arx, J.A. (1975). "On Thielavia and some similar genera of ascomycetes". Studies in Mycology. 8: 1–31.
  7. Spatafora, J.W. (1995). "Ascomal evolution of filamentous ascomycetes: evidence from molecular". Canadian Journal of Botany. 73 (S1): 811–5. doi:10.1139/b95-326.
  8. Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercambre B, Riba G (1994). "Comparative-analysis of molecular and biological characteristics of strains of Beauveria brongniartii isolated from insects". Mycological Research. 98 (3): 322–8. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80460-7.
  9. Berbee ML, Taylor JW (1992). "Two ascomycete classes based on fruiting-body characters and ribosomal DNA sequence". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 9 (2): 278–284. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040719. PMID 1560763.
  10. "Thyridiaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  11. Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota — 2007". Myconet. 13: 1–58.

Further reading
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