Qwant

Qwant (pronunciation: /kwɑt/) is a French search engine launched in February 2013.[1] Qwant claims to guarantee the privacy of its users by avoiding tracking them for advertising purposes or reselling their personal data and being impartial in the display of results.

Qwant
Qwant
Type of site
Search engine
Available inMultilingual
Headquarters
Paris, France
OwnerJean-Manuel Rozan, Éric Léandri, Patrick Constant, Caisse des dépôts et consignations (20 %)
Groupe Axel Springer (20 %)
Founder(s)Jean-Manuel Rozan, Éric Léandri, Patrick Constant
URLwww.qwant.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationNone
LaunchedJuly 2013 (2013-07)
Current statusActive
Content license
Proprietary
Availability of Qwant by country as of January 2023:
  Currently available
  Not available

The search engine, available in app on iOS and Android,[2][3] can also be installed as a browser extension on Web browsers.

Search engine

Creation

Qwant was founded on 25 May 2011[4] in Nice by the investor Jean-Manuel Rozan, by Patrick Constant via his company Pertimm (which developed other search engines for retail and other commercial services) and by Éric Léandri.[5][6] The name Qwant is, according to its creators, the combination of the letter Q from the word Quantities, which evokes the mass of data that the indexing robot scans daily—this could also be the Q of Quantique[7]—and the English word want.[8]

The metasearch engine is launched in beta in 15 countries and 35 languages on 16 February 2013[9][10][11] then in final version on 4 July 2013 in its French localization after a year and a half of research and development.[12]

Development

In 2013, the creators of Qwant recognized and minimized the use of Bing’s programming interfaces at first before switching to their own indexing, supplemented by other sources, they announce that they will start in February 2013 in a progressive way, without personnel or technology. They advertise using their own engine for the “social” part of the engine for their own system[13][14] but again, without indexes and house algorithms, they use external APIs.

Since then, from 2013 (and until early 2019), it can be considered that Qwant is 100% based on Bing Web and Images searches, insofar as we can see a first passage of their Qwantify bot only from the end of 2014:[15] they provided results based 100% on a Bing API, since they then had neither crawler nor indexer, without saying this dependence on the Bing API, as imposed by the API CGUs.

The German publishing group Axel Springer entered the capital in June 2014 with 20%,[16] to initiate the development of an indexing robot specialized in the field of news ("News") in French to try to compete with Google News.

On 14 April 2015, Qwant unveils the second version of its search engine (whose graphical interface has been modified)[17] and is put under the spotlight by the Minister of Economy Emmanuel Macron, calling Qwant «Google French on the move».[18] In October, the European Investment Bank announced an investment in the company in the form of a €25 million loan over 5 years to expand its offer in Europe.[19] In May 2016, the site claimed million visits with 50% of visits coming from France and 30% from Germany.[20]

On July 4, 2016,[21] Qwant announced a global partnership with the Mozilla Foundation.  A new version of the Firefox web browser results from this partnership, specially optimized for the use of Qwant. Besides this version, a mobile application is also available since August 2, 2016. On this occasion, Qwant said it wanted to reach “5% to 8% market share on the continent by 2018-2019” and “achieve €2.5 million in sales” in 2016.

In January 2017, Qwant acquired an app for Android and iOS smartphones. The Qwant application is since that date based on a fork of Mozilla Firefox, fully open source.

In February 2017, Qwant announced that it had raised €18.5 million, including €15 million from the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, which has a 20% stake, with the remainder coming from the Axel Springer group to remain in the capital.[22]

In March 2017, according to La Lettre A, the investment bank Bpifrance refused to participate in the raising of funds because of doubts about the technologies used by Qwant, the use of technologies provided by Microsoft and servers at Huawei.[23] Éric Léandri confirmed the use of results from Microsoft’s search engine, Bing,[24] to supplement the results generated by the Qwant algorithm, as well as the use of Bing’s advertising department; it disputes that Bpifrance had access to Qwant’s internal documents, even though Bpifrance had financed several projects and therefore had access to some of these internal documents, to the point of making an event.[25]

However, in 2019, an audit of the DINUM, revealed by Le Media, will lead to explain the dependence on Bing, and even seek to measure it: it would be 60% of answers provided by Bing, without however being able to determine with certainty if everything would not come from the internal caches of Qwant - powered by Bing.[26]

In April 2017, Qwant announced it was acquiring Nvidia brand supercomputers for deep learning to refine its research results and rent its calculators to startups that need to use these technologies.[27]

In June 2017, a version adapted to the Swiss cultural and media context was launched and is available in three of the four national languages:[28] German, French and Italian. In addition, Qwant announces that it will be integrated as the default search engine in the Fairphone 2 smartphone thanks to the signing of a partnership with Fairphone.[29]

On November 10, 2017, Qwant bought Xilopix, a company based in Lorraine and publisher of the search engine Xaphir, which was experiencing financial difficulties. At the same time, Qwant signed a partnership with Inria for research on Internet research technologies that respect privacy.[30]

On November 29, 2017, Qwant signed a partnership with Fleksy that integrates the search engine into the Fleksy[31] virtual keyboard.

In January 2018, Qwant announces its arrival in China by the summer of 2018, in partnership with local authorities and companies to adapt it to local specificities.[32]

In March 2018, Qwant Junior was transcribed into an app for Android and iOS.[33]

In March 2018, Qwant becomes the official partner of the Tour de Corse motor rally and announces a world premiere, in partnership with the channel L'Équipe which is the broadcaster of the World Rally Championship in France, livestreaming of the specials on its homepage.[34]

On July 4, 2018, a new, more streamlined version of Qwant was unveiled, version four; the Qwant logo also changed for this new version.[35]  

On September 12, 2018, a partnership between Qwant and Lexibook was announced to offer Qwant products (including Qwant Junior) on LexiTab[36] tablets.

On September 13, 2018, Qwant became the default search engine for the Brave browser in France and Germany.[37]

On October 2, 2018, Qwant became the default search engine of the French Ministry of armies'[38] computer stations.

On January 30, 2019, the aeronautical company Safran standardized the use of Qwant as a search engine within the company.[39]

On March 27, 2019, a partnership between Qwant and Wiko is announced. Wiko launches a new version of its View 2 Pro but with Qwant as search engine.[40] This smartphone becomes the first Android phone not to use Google as a search engine.[41] This was made possible thanks to the decision of Margrethe Vestager to impose a fine of 4.34 billion euros on Google for abuse of dominant position on its Android system in July 2018.[42]

On April 8, 2019, the National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) decided to use Qwant as the default search engine for all the collaborators of its four centres of excellence, including the launch site of the current Ariane 5 and the future Ariane 6, the Guiana Space Centre, Europe’s spaceport.[43]

On April 25, 2019, Qwant announces a partnership with travel comparator Easyvoyage. This partnership consists in proposing results for flight and hotel research.[44]

In May 2019, Qwant announced that it would migrate its servers to an infrastructure based on Microsoft Azure. Qwant will retain some of its indexing capacity on its own infrastructure so as not to be too dependent on the same provider.[45]

On September 25, 2019, Qwant is audited by the Interdepartmental Digital Branch to establish its share of dependency on Microsoft’s Bing, which is assessed at 64% for the web.[46]

In January 2020, Jean-Claude Ghinozzi[47] became president of the company, replacing Éric Léandri.

The French administration announces that Qwant will be its default search engine in all its computer stations by April 30, 2020.[48]

Huawei pre-installs Qwant as its default search engine on its P40 for France, Germany and Italy in response to the US[49][50] embargo. In May 2021, the company’s president asked its shareholders for permission to borrow eight million euros from Huawei.[51]

On May 12, 2020, Samsung Internet announced a global partnership with Qwant to globally deploy the search engine.[52]

At the end of June 2020, a restructuring is emerging within Qwant. The closure of the offices of Épinal and Ajaccio was announced in the press to meet a requirement from the main shareholders, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations and Axel Springer.[53]

In 2020, Qwant’s net sales increased by 28% to 7.5 million euros.[54] Losses (€13 million versus €23.5 million in 2019) have also been reduced and almost halved but remain well above turnover, as the company is still in a deficit position.[55][56]

New direction

In 2021, Raphaël Auphan (Managing Director) and Corinne Lejbowicz (President) took over the management of Qwant. The new management ceases to dream of dethroning Google and aims «rather to build step by step a real ecosystem of private and secure navigation on the Internet». According to the new executives, the old Qwant shone by its opacity: the company kept the blur on its actual use, minimized its use of Bing - Microsoft’s search engine - and was divided into a dozen legal structures according to the new management, this concealed the extent of the problems.[57]

In September 2021, Qwant becomes available in all European countries and in the top 5 search engines now available on Android phones. Indeed, the European Commission signed the "choice screen" on Android[58] phones teams in June 2021, and Qwant contributed to the passage of this resolution.

On November 25, 2021, Qwant publicly announced its contribution to the development of the "Manifesto of French startups" by the association France Digitale, intended to bring concrete proposals related to digital for the 2022 presidential election.

In early 2022, a new executive committee composed the management of Qwant: Laurent Ach, CTO, Flore Blanchard-Dignac, CMO and Amélie Mathieu,[59][60] CFO.

In June 2022, Qwant launched a browser extension, Qwant VIPrivacy, to block cookies and trackers on websites visited. The site deploys a new graphic identity by the same occasion.[61][62]

In January 2023, for Data Privacy Day, Qwant released the first edition of its barometer about online privacy alongside Proton, Murena and Olvid.[63]

Evolution of services

In December 2014, Qwant announced the release in beta of its search engine for young audiences, Qwant Junior, targeting 3- to 12-year-olds, and its experimental launch in several French schools in January 2015, in partnership with the French National Education.[64][65] On December 4, 2015, Qwant Junior was released as a final version.

On October 5, 2015, Qwant presents a Lite version of its search engine. It is intended for older browsers, aging terminals and low-speed Internet connections. This version of the search engine presents a more streamlined page. It does not use JavaScript or CSS3, technologies deemed too resource-consuming.[66]

On June 3, 2016, the beta version of the Qwant Music service is launched, allowing you to search for artists, albums and titles.[67] In September 2017, Qwant Music was detached as a subsidiary based in Ajaccio, Corsica.[68]

New services were announced in 2016: Qwant Maps and Qwant Earth, initially for the fall of 2016,[69] which will offer tracking-free route searches.

In March 2018, Qwant Junior was transcribed into an app for Android and iOS.[70]

At VivaTech in May 2018, Qwant announced the development of a search engine for the Internet of Things, in partnership with Kuzzle (Qwant loT[71]), and the development of tools to protect private medical data, QwantMed.[72]

On June 8, 2018, the final version of Qwant Music was released.[73] A partnership is signed with the music streaming and downloading service Qobuz, allowing, in France, full online listening in CD quality of the tracks proposed by the search engine.[74]

At the end of August 2018, Qwant created a search engine for elected officials and territorial agents called Elunum. This engine is produced in cooperation with Villes Internet.[75]

On December 4, 2018, Qwant published Qwant Maps in alpha.[76]

At the MWC in Barcelona from 25 February 2019 to 28 February 2019, Qwant unveils Qwant Causes. The principle is the same as Lilo and Ecosia, it is a search engine that allows to fund a project while conducting searches respecting the privacy of the users.[77]

Qwant Causes is launched on May 14, 2019, in partnership with HelloAsso, which is responsible for donations payment.[78]

On June 27, 2019, Qwant Maps is released in beta. At the same time, the Masq by Qwant service is released in alpha.[79]

On April 30, 2020, the search engine Qwant Causes is closed because « its use remains insufficient with regard to societal and associative issues addressed[80] ».

On September 17, 2020, the Masq by Qwant service is in turn closed.

At the end of 2020, Qwant refocused its services around its search engine and its online map, Qwant Maps. The first version of the mapping service is announced for spring 2021.[81] Qwant also closes its services in several countries but remains available in 39 countries worldwide.[82]

In June 2022, Qwant launches Qwant VIPrivacy, a browsing extension that automatically blocks trackers and cookies when browsing.[83] Qwant also launched the first privacy-friendly translation service on its search engine, in partnership with DeepL. It is possible to translate 28 languages from the Qwant search page.[84]  

Logotype

Versions

Version 4, published in July 2018 for the 5 years of Qwant, eliminates the presentation in columns in favour of an online presentation; the different types of current/social research remain accessible through a side menu.[85]

On December 3, 2019, Qwant announces on Twitter the arrival of a new design to «simplify the experience and bring new experiences[86]».

In March 2021, a new version is available online to rejuvenate the interface and make it more accessible on the phone.[87]

In June 2022, Qwant unveiled a new identity to engage new hearings on the importance of personal data protection.

Features

Qwant offers several types of results in the same search: classic websites, merchant websites, news webs[88] not based on information related to the user’s profile. Qwant’s goal is to propose «a new vision of the web». In addition, one of Qwant’s main objectives is to respect the privacy of its users, in particular the lack of tracking of its users.[89][90]

In its early days on the Internet, the Qwant search engine relied on Bing to provide more relevant results. In 2016, Qwant claims to be increasingly using its own results from its own exploration robots. It is still at the status of hybrid engine.[91] In 2020, Qwant claims to have exceeded 50% of independent results for web searches, and 70% for all researchs.[92]

Part of Qwant’s business model is based on cost per click through contextual advertising, and has partnerships with companies such as TripAdvisor, PagesJaunes[93] or DeepL,[94] allowing to enrich the results (for example DeepL providing a translation service directly on the Qwant results page or TripAdvissor to display reviews on Qwant Maps).

To enrich the proposed results, Qwant also relies on programming interfaces provided by third-party companies, so are used those Facebook, Twitter or YouTube.

The extension of the search engine for the Mozilla Firefox browser is part of the list of free software recommended by the French State as part of the overall modernization of its information systems,[95] where it is mentioned that it is published under MIT/X11 license, however, the engine itself is not open source.

Controversies

Qwant is originally a meta engine that presents itself as a search engine. Two audits of the Interdepartmental Digital Directorate (Dinum) in July and September 2019 reveal that the Qwant index does exist, but that it is not directly related to users' requests, according to LeMediaTV.[96]

With dated results, the technical appendix of the first audit notes inconsistencies in cache management and cannot exclude situations where all cached data can come from the Bing API and not from Qwant’s internal robots, especially since the team does not know precisely how to answer questions about the exact sequence of treatments and does not know how to quantify its actual level of use of Bing.[97]

According to co-founder Éric Léandri, Qwant does not want to compete with Google, but simply «show something different[98]».

At its launch in February 2013, Qwant does not position itself on privacy, as demonstrated by La Lettre A.[99] This would be because the door of American venture capital cannot be opened for risk of an inevitable and feared technical audit, in conjunction with the Snowden outbreak in June 2013, which highlights general Internet surveillance, which provides an exit strategy for Qwant.

Because of its results very close to those of Bing and Wikipedia,[100][101] a new version of the engine is published, in April 2015, which is still based on the Bing API, still without clearly displaying it as required by the Bing[102] API.

In the summer of 2016, in preparation for an audit conducted by the Caisse des dépôts et consignations with a view to an entry in the capital of Qwant, a code amendment to reduce the use of the Bing API took place a few days before the audit.

NextInpact reveals in September 2019 that CEO Éric Léandri threatened Qwant employees at the end of 2016.[103]

In March 2017, after a fundraising with the participation of the Caisse des dépôts et consignations (and after the refusal of funding by Bpifrance[104] because of this strong dependence on Bing’s API), new press articles evoke Qwant’s use of several technologies, algorithms and advertising governance, provided by Microsoft.

In its early stages, the similarity of its first logo with that of Google was also pointed out.[105] A few days after its launch in July 2013, it was accused by the designers of the Canadian search engine GooL.li, launched in 2012, of plagiarizing its interface.[106] Mohamed Kahlain, co-founder of GooL.li, announced that he did not want to sue Qwant and said that he was not aware of the interface change.

In March 2017, Qwant, through the Open Internet Project of which he is a member, accused Google of anti-competitive practices and filed a complaint with the European Commission in Brussels.[107]

The list of shareholders, grouped in a holding Angels 2, whose life president is Éric Léandri, it is possible to find Philippe Douste-Blazy, Thierry Gaubert, Franck Ullmann-Hamon or Claude Berda, among other investors from the world of advice and finance throughout the world.[108]

Since mid-2016, the company has started sending data to Microsoft Bing Ads, without informed consent of its users. It did not announce this to its users until mid-2021.[109]

In July 2019, La Lettre A reveals that Qwant was arrested by the Caisse des dépôts et Consignations on Qwant’s[110] twenty highest salaries, the letter talks about wages that are “manifestly indecent”.

Confidentiality

Qwant does not install advertising cookies or trackers and does not track its users, the only cookies present are for functional use only (and not advertising) the first cookie exists only during the session and is deleted immediately afterward.[111][112] The second (which is of the Local Storage type) allows you to memorize the parameters of the search engine (it allows for example to remember the theme, the filtering or the language).[113] The results displayed are neutral and are not customized according to a search history (as for Google), Qwant does not have any, but depends only on the trends of the moment.

Since mid-2016, Qwant has been sending data to Microsoft Bing Ads to respond to requests.[114] These are the IP/24 of the user, the User-Agent of his browser and the search keywords. For a time, Qwant denied the facts before clearly announcing it on his site.

The sending of these data does not correspond to an anonymization but to a pseudonymization of those.[115]

Functionalities

Research

With the new design released in 2022, the goal is to engage new audiences, especially younger ones, on the importance of protecting personal data. The homepage has a communication space of the brand that highlights content dedicated to the challenges of the protection of digital personal data. The search engine offers a colorful and engaging homepage. The horizontal strip makes possible to find the search bar as well as to access other services of the brand such as Qwant Maps.

A "news" tab is active to find the main news from the home page.

On the result pages, the display consists of a list of answers to the query. Based on this request, Qwant will highlight direct access to information insert, for clearer and faster information. The Lite version is always accessible.

Qwick

Qwant allows, on the model of DuckDuckGo, to perform redirect queries to other search engines or sites by typing the corresponding command called Qwick.[116]

Actives services

Qwant Junior

Qwant Junior is a search engine for children aged 6 to 12. This engine does not contain any advertising and filters the results so as not to show violent or pornographic content and e-commerce links. Since March 2023, Qwant Junior has partnered with the BayaM app, designed by publishers Bayard Jeunesse and Milan, to offer educational content to children aged 6–12.[117]

Qwant Music

Qwant Music is a search engine for albums and artists developed in collaboration with Ircam and Qobuz.

Qwant Maps

Qwant Maps mapping service, based on OpenStreetMap, was released in alpha version on December 4, 2018. The service goes into beta on June 27, 2019, and comes out in a final version in 2021.[118] Qwant Maps has most of the features of a classic online map, namely finding routes (by car, on foot, by bike, by public transport), places of interest (services, shops, activities).

Qwant VIPrivacy

Qwant VIPrivacy is the browser extension of Qwant, allowing to block trackers and cookies when browsing the internet. In addition, once installed, Qwant becomes the default search engine used on the browser. This feature is included on mobile apps.

Qwant@Work

Qwant@Work is a service dedicated to businesses, administrations and organisations, enabling them to protect the navigation of their employees by limiting the collection of personal data.[119] The extension installs Qwant as the default search engine. The service was launched in January 2023.

Closed services

Masq by Qwant

Masq by Qwant was a personal data storage service developed by Qwant that was designed to personalize the service to users without collecting personal data.[120] This service closed on September 17, 2020, because it “does not meet the expectations of most users.”

Qwant Causes

Announced at the Mobile World Congress 2019, Qwant Causes is a service launched on May 14, 2019, that allows you to fund a project while doing research, as Lilo is already proposing, with the difference that creating an account is not mandatory. This is in line with its guidelines for the protection of personal data. In the results pages of a query, more advertisements are displayed to fund these associations of general interest, without impacting Qwant’s revenue. The service is launched in partnership with HelloAsso, which offers its beneficiary associations to benefit from the service. It was closed on April 30, 2020, because of “insufficient use of societal and associative issues addressed.”[121][122]

Qwant Boards

Qwant Boards was a Qwant service that made it easy to share images, videos, websites or messages. It was closed on August 27, 2020, making it impossible to publish new notebooks and access the notebooks of other users. “An archive of your notebooks is available for download until August 27, 2021, at the latest [...].”[123]  

Here are the company’s explanations on the shutdown of this service: “We are aware that this service could be useful to you, however, the closure of Qwant Boards will allow all Qwant teams to focus even more on improving the Qwant search engine and creating new features and services that we believe will also please you.”[124]

Qwant Junior Education

This was a version of Qwant Junior where teachers of French National Education could open a session through their academic email address.

Qwant School

Qwant School was a filtered version of the Qwant search engine for teens, especially middle school students. Like Qwant Junior, it did not have any advertising or online commerce links and had somewhat less restrictive filters but did not allow violent or pornographic content to be displayed.[125]

Popularity

In July 2013, a week after its launch, Qwant claimed 3.5 million monthly views.[126] In February 2016, it claimed 17.7 million monthly visits and reported that traffic doubled in the previous six months.[127] In November 2016, it claimed nearly 27 million monthly visits and 37 million at the beginning of 2017.[128] At the end of July 2017, Qwant claimed 40 million monthly visits.[129]

In June 2018, Qwant claims to be the second most used search engine in France, and to have entered the top 50 most visited websites in France and in the top 1,000 worldwide.[130] This information is confirmed by the SimilarWeb site, but contradicted by the StatCounter site, supporting figures: Between June 2017 and June 2018, Qwant is the 5th French search engine in terms of market share in France, with 0.55% against 90.99% for Google.

In October 2018, in an interview for Usine nouvelle magazine, for the “Nugget of the Year” award, Qwant explained the evolution of its popularity: 2.6 billion requests in 2016, 9.7 billion in 2017 and 18 billion in 2018.[131] In 2018, this would amount to 1.6 billion requests per month.

In April 2018, nearly 81% of its traffic came from France, followed by Germany (5%) and Italy (2%).

In the first half of 2020, Qwant is the fourth most popular search engine in France, behind Google, Bing and Yahoo, and ahead of Ecosia and DuckDuckGo.[132]

In August 2020, 79% of its traffic came from France, 7% from Germany and 3% from the United States.

As of February 2021, according to SimilarWeb, 51.78% of its traffic (38.7 million searches) is from France, 10.96% from the US, 9.23% from Germany, 2.81% from Canada and 2.76% from Italia.

See also

References
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