Sar language

Sar or Sara, also known as Madjingay and Sara Madjingay is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of southern Chad, and the lingua franca of regional capital of Sarh.

Not to be confused with Sar language (Indonesia).
Sar
Madjingay
Native toChad
Native speakers
(180,000 cited 1993 census)[1]
Dialects
  • Sar
  • Nar
Language codes
ISO 639-3mwm
Glottologsarr1246

Phonology

The consonants are as follows.[2]

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Postalveolar
/Palatal		 Velar
Stop/
affricate		 tenuis p t k
voiced b d ɡ
implosive ɓ ɗ
prenasalized m͡b n͡d ŋ͡ɡ
Affricate voiced d͡ʒ
prenasalized n͡dʒ
Fricative s
Nasal m n
Liquid oral l ɽ
nasalized ɽ̃
Semi-vowel oral j w
nasalized j̃

Vowels and nasal vowels are as follows:

Front Central Back
Close i ĩ ɨ u ũ
Mid e ẽ (ə) o õ
ɔ
Open a ã

/o, e/ can also be heard as [ə].[3]

There are three tones.[4][5]

ToneExampleGloss
highɡáŋɡádrum
midmālscavenger
lowjàbə̀hippopotamus
nasal tã sauce

References
  1. Sar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. (in French) Fournier, Maurice, Les consonnes du sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 37-44, Paris, SELAF, 1977, ISBN 2-85297-019-8
  3. Keegan, John M. (2014). Lexique Sar. The Eastern Sara Languages: Cuenca: Morkeg Books.
  4. (in French) Moundo Ndimajibay, Nei-Balway, Les limites des modifications en sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 45-58, Paris, SELAF, 1977, ISBN 2-85297-019-8
  5. "PanAfriL10n - PanAfrLoc - Sara". PanAfrican Localisation Resource Wiki. Retrieved 2017-03-07.


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