Scheenstia

Scheenstia is an extinct genus of neopterygian ray-finned fish from the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous of Europe. Fossils have been found in both marine and freshwater environments.[2][3]

Life restoration of S. maxima

Scheenstia
Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous,
Fossil specimen of S. maxima
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Lepisosteiformes
Family: †Lepidotidae
Genus: †Scheenstia
López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2011
Type species
Scheenstia zappi
López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2011
Species[1]
  • †S. mantelli (Agassiz, 1833)
  • †S. laevis (Agassiz, 1837)
  • †S. maximus (Wagner, 1863)
  • †S. decoratus (Wagner, 1863)
  • †S. degenhardti (Branco, 1885)
  • †S. hauchecornei (Wagner, 1863)
  • †S. zappi López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2011
  • †S. bernissartensis (Traquair, 1911)

Most species of the genus were previously referred to the related genus Lepidotes, but most Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous species of that genus have since been re-classified as Scheenstia following detailed phylogenetic analysis.[1] It is a member of Lepisosteiformes meaning that is closest living relates are gars. The teeth of Scheenstia are low and rounded, and were likely used for crushing hard shelled organisms (durophagy).[2] It was probably a relatively slow swimmer.[4] One species, the marine Scheenstia maximus from the Late Jurassic of Germany, could reach body lengths in excess of 1.5 metres.[1]

Classification

Scheenstia is related to the genus Lepidotes, with both genera placed in the family Lepidotidae. Lepidotes has been one of the greatest actinopterygian wastebasket taxa, with one 2012 study finding species referrable to a minimum of three different and distantly related genera. Scheenstia is also related to Isanichthys. A cladogram showing the relations of Neopterygii was published in the review, and a simplified version labelling the previous species of Lepidotes is shown here.[1]

Ginglymodi
Semionotiformes

Sangiorgioichthys

Macrosemiidae

Luoxiongchthys

Notagogus

Macrosemius

Propterus

Semionotidae

Semionotus

Callipurbeckiidae

Semiolepsis

Paralepidotus

Macrosemimimus

Tlayuamichin

Callipurbeckia (incl. L. minor, L. notopterus, L. tendagurensis)

Lepisosteiformes

Neosemionotus

Scheenstia (incl. L. mantelli, L. laevis, L. maximus, L. decoratus, L. degenhardti, L. hauchecorni)

Lepidotes

Isanichthys

Lepisosteoidei

References
  1. López-Arbarello, A. (2012). "Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Ginglymodian Fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii)". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): e39370. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...739370L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039370. PMC 3394768. PMID 22808031.
  2. Leuzinger, Léa; Cavin, Lionel; López‐Arbarello, Adriana; Billon‐Bruyat, Jean‐Paul (January 2020). Smith, Andrew (ed.). "Peculiar tooth renewal in a Jurassic ray‐finned fish (Lepisosteiformes, † Scheenstia sp.)". Palaeontology. 63 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1111/pala.12446. ISSN 0031-0239. S2CID 204265568.
  3. Cavin, Lionel; Deesri, Uthumporn; Olive, Sébastien (2019-07-22). "Scheenstia bernissartensis (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart, Belgium, with an appraisal of ginglymodian evolutionary history". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (6): 513–527. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1634649. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 199631685.
  4. Cawley, John J.; Marramà, Giuseppe; Carnevale, Giorgio; Villafaña, Jaime A.; López‐Romero, Faviel A.; Kriwet, Jürgen (February 2021). "Rise and fall of †Pycnodontiformes: Diversity, competition and extinction of a successful fish clade". Ecology and Evolution. 11 (4): 1769–1796. doi:10.1002/ece3.7168. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 7882952. PMID 33614003.


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