Second presidency of Lula da Silva

The second presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva started on 1 January 2023, when he was inaugurated as the 39th President of Brazil.[1][2] Lula was elected for a third term as President of Brazil on 30 October 2022, by obtaining 50.9% of the valid votes in the 2022 Brazilian general election, defeating incumbent Jair Bolsonaro.[3] Lula is the first Brazilian president to ever be elected more than twice as well as he is the oldest person to ever be elected president in Brazil.[4]

Lula da Silva
Second presidency of Lula da Silva
1 January 2023 – present
CabinetSee list
PartyWorkers'
Election2022
SeatPalácio do Planalto (workplace)
Palácio da Alvorada (residence)

Standard of the President
Official website
This article is part of
a series about
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
39th President of Brazil
Scandals and controversies
Presidential elections





Media gallery

Background
Main article: Lula da Silva 2022 presidential campaign
Main article: Third inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

On 20 May 2021, in an interview with French magazine Paris Match, Lula confirmed that he was a pre-candidate for the next year's elections.[5][6]

The Workers' Party national committee, on 13 April 2022, approved the nomination of former Governor of São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) for vice president.[7] The ticket was officialized on 7 May, in a coalition formed by the Brazil of Hope Federation (formed by Workers' Party, Communist Party of Brazil and Green Party), Brazilian Socialist Party, Solidarity and PSOL REDE Federation.[8][9] With the withdrawal of André Janones on 4 August, the ticket received official support of Avante and Agir.[10]

On 2 October, the day of the first round, Lula placed first with 48.43% of the valid votes, classifying for a runoff with Jair Bolsonaro, who garnered 43.20% of the valid votes.[11] Lula was elected in the second round, on 30 October, being the first President of Brazil elect for three terms and the first since Getúlio Vargas to be elect for a non-consecutive term. He was inaugurated on 1 January 2023.[12]

On 1 January 2023 Lula and Geraldo Alckmin were sworn in as president and vice-president of Brazil, respectively, for the time between January 1, 2023, and January 4, 2027.[13]

Government plan
Logo of the second Lula administration. "Union and Reconstruction"

Lula has as some of his main compromises in his government plan: "the reconstruction of the country facing the economic crisis; with democracy, sovereignty, and peace; with the economic development and stability; with the fight against poverty; with education; with the implementation of a National System of Culture and extension of housing programs".[14]

Planned executive decisions

Lula's administration planned several decisions reversing those made by Bolsonaro's administration, including:

Transition
Main article: Second presidential transition of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

In his victory speech, Lula adopted a moderate tone, saying he wants to "pacify the country". The new government will face a very conservative Congress, with many former ministers and people close to the Bolsonarism.[21]

On 1 November 2022, Vice President-elect Geraldo Alckmin was appointed as coordinator of the government-elect transition team.[22] On 3 November, Alckmin and the Chief of Staff of the Presidency, Ciro Nogueira, had a meeting to being the government transition.[23] The Vice President-elect also met with political leaderships, aiming to adjust the federal budget in 2022, in order to enable the objectives of the future administration.[24]

2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress
Main article: 2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress

In response to an attack by supporters of former President Bolsonaro on the Praça dos Três Poderes, Lula announced that he had signed a decree declaring a state of emergency in the Federal District until the end of January.[25]

Domestic affairs

Right after taking office on January 1, 2023, President Lula and his ministers took several measures to revert Bolsonaro's administration policies and/or create policies announced during the election campaign and the transition of power.

On the same day of his inauguration, Lula signed his first decrees, in an act that became known as "revogaço" (mass repeal of decrees), revoking the previous government's measures involving weapons, environment policies and top officials' data secrecy; According to Environment and Climate Change Minister Marina Silva, another "revogaço" is yet to come. The current "teto de gastos" (debt ceiling) fiscal policy, seen as unpractical by government officials, is also expected to be replaced with other debt limit.[26]

On January 2, 2023, more "revogaços" happened, measures included stopping the privatization process of eight state-owned companies (including the Correios and Petrobras); almost a thousand appointees in federal posts linked in some way to the Bolsonaro government were dismissed.[27]

Social policies

On February 16, Lula increased the value of the minimum wage from 1,302 reals to 1,320 reals, correcting it above inflation.[28][29] There was also an increase in the exemption from Income tax to 2,640 reals, compared to the previous amount of 1,900 reals.[30]

Public housing
Lula during the relaunch of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida program in Santo Amaro, Bahia

On February 14, Lula, alongside the Governor of Bahia Jerônimo Rodrigues, the Chief of Staff of the Presidency Rui Costa, the President of the Caixa Econômica Federal Maria Rita Serrano, the Minister of Transport Renan Filho, the Minister of Cities Jader Filho, as well as state and municipal authorities (such as the mayor of the city and federal/state deputies from Bahia), announced the return of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida program during a visit to the city of Santo Amaro, Bahia; the program will replace the Bolsonaro government's "Casa Verde e Amarela" program (which in turn had replaced Lula's first "Minha Casa, Minha Vida" program), the program is expected to create over 2 million houses for the low-income population by the end of 2026 (the last year of Lula's presidency).[31] The program was also restructured, with the proposal to serve families with a monthly income of up to R$8,000 in urban areas, and an annual income of up to R$96,000 in rural areas.[32]

Fight against hunger

On February 28, 2023, Lula reinstalled the National Council for Food and Nutritional Security (Consea), deactivated by Bolsonaro in 2019.[33] On March 22, he relaunched the Program of Food Acquisition (PAA), whose objective is to guarantee food and nutritional security and encourage the production of food from family farms.[34]

Environment

On the day of his inauguration, Lula revoked a decree by Bolsonaro that allowed mining in indigenous lands, which was seen as an incentive to illegal miners.[26] Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest fell 61% in January 2023 from a year earlier following a series of anti-logging and anti-mining operations launched by government agencies under Lula, satellite data showed.[35]

Education and research

On January 2, Lula revoked an bill made during the Bolsonaro government, which created schools exclusively for persons with disabilities.[27] On January 11, Lula signed in a bill called the "National Digital Education Policy", which deals with expanding access to digital education in the country.[36]

Another measure taken by the government was the increase in the amount for research grants, Lula later stated that "this government is forbidden to treat [as] wasted money that goes to education, money that goes to scholarships, money that goes to health care".[37] On March 10, Lula announced a readjustment in the values of the school meals of public schools, after having been frozen for more than five years.[38] The increase is 39% and the value is 5.5 billion per year.[39]

Healthcare

On January 20, Lula signed a bill that recognizes community and disease control agents as health professionals.[40] Also on January 20, under pressure from religious entities, Lula created the "Department of Support for Therapeutic Communities", aimed at treating drug addicts; After the measure was criticized by human rights organizations, the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger announced that it would review the decision.[41] The Brazilian Association of Mental Health had also spoken out against the measure in a repudiation note.[42]

On March 8, International Women's Day, Lula announced the creation of the "Program for the Protection and Promotion of Menstrual Dignity", which provides distribution of menstrual pads by the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) to people in vulnerable situations, below the Poverty threshold.[43] The document regulates the Law nº 14.214/2021, which had been vetoed by Jair Bolsonaro in 2021.[44] 8 million people will benefit from the initiative, according to specialists, with an investment of 418 million reals per year, according to the Ministry of Health.[45]

On March 20, Lula and the Minister of Health, Nísia Trindade, announced the re-creation of the "Mais Médicos" program, first created in 2013 with the purpose of expanding the number of health professionals in less economically developed areas and in the interior of the country.[46] The program had been partially replaced by Bolsonaro's "Doctors for Brazil"; The "Mais Médicos para o Brasil", as it is now called, should prioritize Brazilian professionals and, according to Paulo Pimenta, chief minister of the Secretary of Social Communication, increase the number of health professionals and improve the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).[47]

Energy

The Lula government inaugurated, on March 22, the first hybrid Renewable energy park in the country authorized by the National Electric Energy Agency (Aneel): the "Neo-energy Renewable Complex – Fountain Wind Farm", which consists of renewable Wind power and solar energy, located in Santa Luzia, Paraíba.[48][49]

In a meeting with the Minister of Mines Energy, Alexandre Silveira, President Lula showed support for the use of electricity derived from renewable sources, in particular for reducing the cost of the service, especially for the poor; Also, goals were discussed to place Brazil in an "leading global position in the generation of clean energy", in addition to encouraging more sustainable public transport.[50]

Women's rights

"[We are doing] what was lacking from the previous government, when it chose to destroy public policies, cut essential budgetary resources and even encouraged violence against women. I am pleased to tell you that Brazil has finally returned. returned to fight discrimination, sexual harassment, rape, femicide and all forms of violence against women."

— Lula[51]

In order to guarantee policies that secure women's rights, the Lula government created, on March 8, the International Women's Day, numerous actions and measures for this purpose.[44] One of the measures was the Equal Pay Bill, which requires companies to be more transparent and strengthen inspection and combat wage discrimination between women and men.[51] On April 4, lula decreed that Women's police stations would be open 24/7, even on holidays; another measure was also made, with the objective of fighting sexual harassment in public agencies and private institutions that provide services to the government.[52]

Racial equality

On January 11, lula signed in a bill that equalized the crime of "racial injury" to racism.[53]On March 21, on the National Day to Combat Racial Discrimination, Lula signed the Racial Equality Bill, made up of seven measures, among which is the "Aquilomba Brasil" program and the goal of having black people in at least 30% of commissioned positions and functions.[54][55]

Indigenous affairs

Upon taking office, Lula also issued the Provisional Measure No. 1,154, of 1 January 2023, which created the Ministry of Indigenous People, and also renamed the Fundação Nacional do Índio (National Indian Foundation – FUNAI) with the name of Fundação Nacional dos Povos Indígenas (National Indigenous People Foundation), in addition to linking this foundation authority to the newly created ministry.[56] He appointed Sônia Guajajara as Indigenous minister, and Joênia Wapixana to head FUNAI.[57]

Yanomami crisis
Main article: Yanomami humanitarian crisis

On January 20, the Brazilian Ministry of Health declared a national emergency following reports of deaths among Yamomami children due to malnutrition and easily curable diseases.[58] President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva accused Jair Bolsonaro's administration of having committed genocide against the Yanomami.[59]

LGBT rights
See also: Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação and LGBT rights in Brazil

On April 7, 2023, Lula re-established the National Council for LGBTQIA+ Rights, a 38-member body of advisors charged with proposing policies and supporting campaigns aimed towards support for the LGBTQIA+ community in Brazil. The Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship will be charged with funding for the council.[60][61] The body previously existed from 2010 until the Bolsonaro presidency.[62]

Other policies

On January 1, Lula created the Secretary of Digital Policies, whose goal is to "combat disinformation, fake news and hate speech on the internet", as well as to "encourage pluralism", this secretary is subordinated to the Secretary of Social Communication (Secom).[63] On the same day, Lula decreed the temporary suspension of authorization for new shooting clubs.[26] On January 6, Lula signed into law a bill creating the Day of the Traditional African Religions.[64]

On January 11, Lula signed into law another bill, which makes the CPF the only necessary document for identification.[65] On the same day, Lula created the "National Policy for the Prevention of Self-Mutilation and Suicide", with the objective of giving mental health support for public security agents.[66]

Foreign affairs
See also: List of international presidential trips made by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Lula stated during the 2022 election campaign and after taking office that his administration will consistently focus on to "bring back Brazil to the world stage", meaning the country will seek to rebuild ties cut or damaged during Bolsonaro's presidency, and expand its foreign relations worldwide. On 9 December 2022 Lula announced that to head the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Itamaraty) he had chosen Brazilian ambassador, career diplomat and former foreign minister Mauro Vieira.[67] As an effort to empower women diplomats, he picked ambassador and career diplomat Maria Laura da Rocha as Itamaraty's deputy foreign minister and Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti as Brazil's ambassador to the US, both the first women to ever hold those positions. More women are also expected to be appointed to top positions.[68]

Americas
Lula and other Latin American leaders at the 7th CELAC Summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Mercosur
See also: 2023 South American summit

In January, 2023, Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira announced Brazil's return to the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC).[69] During the 7th CELAC summit, president Lula expressed support for a modernization of the South American customs union Mercosur and the creation of a common unit of account between Argentina and Brazil which other South American nations could also join to boost regional integration and skip US dollar dominance.[70]

Lula, Uruguay president Luis Lacalle Pou, First Ladies Rogângela and Lorena Ponce on January 25, 2023.

On January 25, during a trip to Uruguay, Lula called for the European Union-Mercosur trade deal to be sealed and a China-Mercosur trade agreement to be explored.[71] Lula and Uruguayan president Luis Lacalle Pou held talks over infrastructure projects to be developed in Uruguay, including a joint Uruguayan-Brazilian administration of the Rivera International Airport.[3]

In March 2023, Uruguayan and Brazilian top officials jointly detailed the said infrastructure projects in Brasilia.[72][73] Brazil also invited Paraguay and Uruguay to join the works of the G20 ahead of the 2024 G20 Brazil Summit, as Brazilian rotating presidency in the group begins on December 1st, 2023.[74][75]

Argentina
Lula and Argentine President Alberto Fernández at Casa Rosada on January, 23, 2023.

After assuming the presidency, Lula made his first international trip as president to Buenos Aires, where he announced that Brazil would resume its relations with Latin America and that the government would be willing to finance infrastructure works in neighboring countries through the BNDES again. Lula also defended the construction of a gas pipeline between Brazil and Argentina to transport the shale gas extracted in the Vaca Muerta field.[76][77] The idea was criticized by some experts, as the project may cause damage to the region's environment.[78] The announcement also generated several criticisms from economists, as this practice has already caused the country to suffer from defaults in the past.[79]

In May 2023, Lula and Fernández met in Brasília to discuss the economic crisis in Argentina as well as trade and energy between Argentina and Brazil. President Lula stated that he has committed to make "each and every sacrifice so we can help Argentina in those hard times" including reaching out to both the IMF and the Brics and that he will back up Brazilian exporters operating in the country.[80][81]

Mexico

In March 2023, Brazilian presidential office said Mexican president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador invited Lula to visit Mexico and discuss expanding economic cooperation between Mexico and Brazil including the removal of trade tariffs between their countries.[82]

United States
President Lula and US President Joe Biden at the White House on February 10, 2023.

In January 2023, US president Joe Biden invited Lula to meet him in Washington, D.C. in February 2023 following a phone conversation between them on the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack.[83] White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre confirmed the meeting adding that it would address "U.S. support of Brazil's democracy and how the two countries can continue to work together to promote inclusion and democratic values in the region and around the world". Climate change, migration, economic development and security matters were also discussed.[84]

In February 2023, Lula and a delegation including his Foreign Affairs special advisor Celso Amorim, Foreign minister Mauro Vieira, Finance minister Fernando Haddad, Racial Equality minister Anielle Franco, Environment e Climate Justice minister Marina Silva traveled to the US. During the trip Lula met with US Senator Bernie Sanders, Democratic House Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Pramila Jayapal, Sheila Jackson Lee, Brad Sherman and Ro Khanna before he met with US president Joe Biden at the White House.[85][86] On February 10, at a meeting with American president Joe Biden, Lula proposed the creation of a group of negotiators made up of countries "not involved in the war" (assuming Lula considers countries sending weapons to Ukraine as belligerents) between Russia and Ukraine to negotiate an end to the conflict and invited the US to join Brazil in a new global climate governance[87][88] On February 28, Brazilian Environment minister Marina Silva met with John Kerry, the White House envoy for climate change during his visit to Brazil, and announed the resumption of a US-Brazil environment group created in 2015 to debate energy transition, low carbon economy, climate change mitigation, indigenous peoples protection and bioconomy among others between the two countries.[89] Nevertheless, no contribution to the Amazon Fund was announced by Kerry during the visit.[90]

European Union

In January 2023, Vice President Geraldo Alckmin met with Vice President Frans Timmermans of the European Union Comission in Brasilia.[91] During his visit to Braziil, Timmermans said that President Lula's efforts to end destruction in the Amazon deserves support and cooperation from the European Union, adding that the EU could donate up to €750,000 to help the Yanomami people facing a humanitarian crisis.[92]

In March 2023, EU's commissioner for competition Margrethe Vestager met with Vice President Alckmin and other Brazilian officials during a meeting in Brasilia to unveil the EU-Brazil bilateral Investment Map.[93]

Germany
Joint press conference of Lula and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz following their meeting on January 30, 2023

In January 2023, Germany ambassador to Brazil Heiko Thoms confirmed Chancellor Olaf Scholz would visit Brazil on January 30. According to a statement, the main subjects to be addressed would be environment (including the re-establishment of the Amazon Fund) and trade between Germany and Brazil .[94] On January 30, Germany development minister Svenja Schulze announced the country will donate €204 million (USD 222 million) to Brazil aiming to help restore farming degraded areas through low-interest rate loans, as well as it will make fresh monetary contributions to the Amazon Fund and provide local aid to Brazilian states in the Amazon region; new sustainable agriculture and green hydrogen projects in Brazil are also being looked upon by the German government, according to Schulze.[1][2] During the meeting with Scholz, Lula proposed creating a group of countries, including India, Indonesia and China, that would "mediate a peace process" in the Russo-Ukrainian War.[95][96]

In March 2023, Germany's Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck and agriculture minister Cem Özdemir, as well as several German business people, attended the German-Brazilian Economic Meeting in Belo Horizonte.[97]

France

In February 2023, French Foreign Minister minister Catherine Colonna met with President Lula and stated that "Brazil is one of the main actors in the global stage and its comeback is highly expected", highlighting France and Brazil share a strong, centuries-old relationship. She also said that France supports a Brazilian OECD membership and that both France and the European Union are considering monetary contributions to the Amazon Fund.[98][99] On February 11, French president Emmanuel Macron expressed approval for a peace plan on the Russian-Ukrainian War proposed by Lula which consists of creating a group of countries not involved in the conflict (Lula sees the United States and its NATO allies as countries involved in the conflict) to mediate a peace process.[100]

Portugal
President Lula, First Lady Rosângela and Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in a meeting in the Belém Palace on April 22, 2023.

In November 2022, then President-elect Lula visited Portugal after attending the COP27 in Egypt, making it his first bilateral trip after being elected. He met with Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa and prime minister António Costa.[101]

In March 2023, Brazilian minister Alexandre Padilha confirmed Lula's first visit to Portugal as president.[102]

President Lula and Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa visit a OGMA facility in Alverca on April 24, 2023.

In April 2023, President Lula began his four-day trip during which he called Portugal relations with Brazil "extraordinary" and stated that "Portugal is not simply a foreign country but our home extension".[103] In the 13th Brazil-Portugal Summit the countries signed several agreements such as a mutual recognition of professional degrees, driver's licenses, rights of persons with disabilities and a witness protection program in both countries. Other agreements signed during the visit include education, science, tourism, energy and audiovisual areas.[104] Lula also attended a high-level Brazilian-Portuguese business meeting in Matosinhos in which Brazilian aerospace giant Embraer and four Portuguese companies (OGMA, Empordef, GMVIS Skysof and CEiiA) announced a deal to build a Brazilian-designed aircraft.[105] Also in the meeting, Prime Minister António Costa announced Portugal companies EDP and Galp will be investing a total of €5.7 billion in projects in Brazil over the next years.[106] On April 24, President Lula took part in a ceremony at the Queluz Palace to award Brazilian singer and songwriter Chico Buarque the Camões Prize.[107][108][109][110][111]

Spain
President Lula and Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez at the Moncloa Palace on April, 26, 2023.

In April 2023, President Lula met with union leaders and took part in the Brazil-Spain Business Forum in Madrid.[112][113] On April 26, Lula, alongside several of his cabinet ministers, met with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez at the Moncloa Palace, where he signed two different deals regarding education and work areas, which includes facilitating student exchange programs between universities in both countries, expanding cooperation between in higher education and adopting regulations for IT companies[114][115] Later on that day, Lula, First Lady Rosângela and FM Mauro Vieira met with King Felipe VI at the Royal Palace of Madrid.[116]

United Kingdom
Lula and Prime minister Rishi Sunak on May 5, 2023.

In May 2023, Lula and Frst-lady Rosângela travelled to the UK to attend the coronation of Charles III and Camilla and had a separate meeting with Charles.[117][118] Lula also met with UK's prime minister Rishi Sunak, who announced his country was donating £80 million (BRL 500 million) to the Amazon Fund iniciative, run by Brazil.[119] During his trip, Lula called for the release of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange adding that "We talk about freedom of speech [but] the guy is in prison because he denounced wrongdoing" and "It is an embarrassment that a journalist who denounced trickery by one state against another is arrested, condemned to die in jail and we do nothing to free him. It's a crazy thing."[120]

Russia

Lula took a non-aligned stance on the Russian invasion of Ukraine, describing it in a way that Ukraine compared to a "Russian attempt to distort the truth".[121][122] While highlighting the human cost of the war, as well as its impact on food security, cost of living and global supply chains,[123] and condemning the invasion, Lula repeatedly attacked NATO and the European Union as the cause of the war, accusing the former of "claiming for itself the right to install military bases in the vicinity of another country." Refusing to send arms to Ukraine, he also put blame on Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, saying "This guy is as responsible as Putin for the war," during an interview in May 2022.[124] Later in April 2023, he urged Ukraine to "give up Crimea", saying Zelenskyy "can not want everything".[125][126]

Lula has also insisted in seeking peace, which is a binding foreign policy principle under the current pacifist Brazilian Constitution of 1988 (See Article 4, VI, VII), as he turned down Brazilian military weaponry sales proposed by Germany to be sent to Ukraine.[127]

China
See also: 2023 Brazil-China summit
President Lula, first-lady Rosângela da Silva, Chinese leader Xi Jinping and first-lady Peng Liyuan on April 14, 2023, in Beijing.

In February, 2023, Reuters reported President Lula would meet with Chinese leader Xi Jinping during a four-day trip to China on March 28 to hold talks about trade, including green economy, digital inclusion, reindustrialization and the Russo-Ukrainian War.[128][129]

On March 17, 2023, Itamaraty confirmed Lula's trip to China adding he would also meet with Chinese premier Li Qiang and National People's Congress chairman Zhao Leji.[130] A week later, New Development Bank (NDB), whose headquarters are in Shanghai, elected Brazilian former president Dilma Rousseff as its new CEO after president Lula made his official appointment.[131] On March 24, however, due to health issues Lula canceled his trip which was later rescheduled for April 11-14.[132][133] As part of a separate high-level business forum between Brazilian and Chinese officials and hundreds of business people in Beijing, both countries announced on March 29 they were starting to trade in their own currencies (the Real and the Renmimbi) instead of in the US dollar.[134]

In April 2023, President Lula, who was accompained by many of his cabinet ministers, Brazilian state governors and lawmakers, met with Chinese deputy foreign minister Xie Feng upon their arrival in Shangai, where Lula also attended Brazilian former president Dilma Rousseff inauguration as the new NDB CEO, visited a Huawei center and spoke with several Chinese chairpeople including BYD CEO Wang Chuanfu and China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) CEO Wang Tongzhou.[135][136] During his stay in Shanghai, Lula criticized US dollar dominance stating "Who was it that decided that the dollar was the currency after the disappearance of the gold standard?" and "why can't we do trade based on our own currencies?". He also urged developing nations to find an alternative currency to the dollar.[137]

On April 14, President Lula separately met with Congress chairman Zhao Leji, Chinese premier Li Qiang and Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Beijing and signed numerous agreements (worth BRL 50 billion - nearly USD 10.1 billion) aiming at mutual cooperation such as to further develop the CBERS-4 constellation, to create a pannel to follow the Sustainable Development Goals in both countries and to open a Sino-Brazilian trade fair mainly focused on green, low-carbon economy and digitalization, among other agreements.[138][139][140] China and Brazil also urged developed countries to speed up climate change mitigation funds following the rich countries' commitment at the COP 15 to donate USD 100 billion a year to do so from 2009 on.[141]

Japan

On March 21, Japanese ambassador to Brazil Teiji Hayashi confirmed that prime minister Fumio Kishida would invite president Lula to the 49th G7 Summit to be held from 19 to 21 May 2023 in Hiroshima, which formally took place on April 6.[142][143]

United Arab Emirates
President Lula is welcomed by Emirati president sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in the Qasr Al Watan palace on April 15, 2023.

In April 2023, President Lula visited the UAE where he met with sheikh and Emirati president Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. During the visit, Emirati state-owned Mubadala Investment Company announced a deal to invest up to USD 2.5 billion in biofuels in a refinery in Brazil. The countries signed a series of agreements including one aimed at mutual coopeeration against climate change and another on artificial intelligence. Lula also meet with the organizers of the COP28 which will take place in Abu Dhabi in late 2023.[144][145][146]

Africa
Lula greets Cape Verde prime minister Ulisses Correia e Silva at the Itamaraty Palace in May 2023.

In February 2023, President Lula said he was planning to visit Angola, Mozambique and South Africa, and that Brazil should "repay its historical, cultural debt with Africa" through strengthening scientific and technological assistance to African nations.[147][148]

In May 2023, Lula met with Cape Verde prime minister Ulisses Correia e Silva in Brasilia. Correia e Silva said his country could play an important role in bringing Brazil closer to CEDEAO countries markets while Lula stated that "Brazil believes in a solidary, mutually beneficial South-South cooperation based on shared experiences" between countries with Africa being a top priority. Lula said that he intends to step up cooperation programs with Cape Verde in education and agriculture areas and that he plans to visit at least two African countries in 2023, namely Cape Verde and South Africa, respectively for the 12th CPLP Summit and the 15th BRICS Summit.[149][150][151]

Australia

On March 10, 2022, Brazil's Agriculture Ministry announced the country was holding talks with Australia about agricultural trade agreements regarding wheat, barley and pork trade as well as sustainable agriculture including research projects between both countries.[152]

Global Compact for Migration

On January 8, 2023, Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira announced Brazil rejoined the Global Compact for Migration from which the Bolsonaro administration withdrew on January 9, 2019[153][154] The UNHCR welcomed the decision stating that ensures "the people's rights and the means so that migrants and refugees can contribute positively to the host countries". According to the Foreign Ministry, the parties mutual benefits of the pact also reflects on the "Brazilian government's commitment to the protection and promotion of the rights of more than 4 million Brazilians living abroad".[153]

Geneva Consensus Declaration

On January 17, Lula withdrew Brazil from the Geneva Consensus Declaration on Promoting Women's Health and Strengthening the Family. Signed by Bolsonaro in 2020, the document stated that "there is no international right to abortion nor any international obligation on the part of States to finance or facilitate abortion". The document, which also limits families to only those formed by heterosexual couples, was signed by countries such as Saudi Arabia, Uganda, Egypt, Indonesia, Hungary, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Belarus, as well as the United States (which left the declaration in 2021), totaling 31 countries.[155][156]

United Nations Climate Change Conference

On November 1, 2022, the COP27 host Egypt invited then President-elect Lula to visit the summit which raised hopes among climate activists and international organizations officials that Brazil will strengthen its environmental policies.[157] Lula accepted the invitation and, while attending the COP27, promised to fight for a zero deforestation in the Amazon and other biomes. He also promised to have a United Nations Climate Change Conference held in the Amazon.[158][159][160] On 11 January 2023, Lula announced Brazil was making an official bid for the Brazilian city of Belém to host the COP 30.[161]

Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization

On January 4, 2023, it was reported that Brazil was seeking an Amazon summit between members of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) and other non-members which was reportedly well received by the ACTO countries.[162] On January 26, Lula invited French president Emmanuel Macron to attend the ACTO summit due to the French department of French Guiana location in the Amazon region.[163]

International aid

On February 8, 2023, President Lula authorized immediate emergency aid, including several fire brigades, Brazilian Air Force airtankers and other emergency services and equipment to be sent to Chile after severe wildfires broke out across the country.[164][165][166] In the following day, Brazil sent aid, rescue crews, including sniffer dogs, among other equipments and staff to Turkey and Syria following the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.[167][166]

Controversies

Appointment of ministers

Some controversies surrounded the Lula government during the first month of his third term. In early January, the NGO Transparency International, which works worldwide to fight corruption, issued a statement criticizing the government for choosing Waldez Góes as Minister of National Integration, Waldez was previously sentenced to prison for embezzlement.[168] Also in January, it was discovered that Lula's Minister of Tourism, Daniela Carneiro, and her husband, were allegedly involved with militias in Rio de Janeiro.[169][170]

See also

References
  1. Savavrese, Mauricio; Bridi, Carla (1 January 2022). "Lula sworn in as president to lead polarized Brazil". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
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