Al-Sha'rani
Abd al-Wahhab al-Sha'rani (1492/3–1565, AH 898–973, full name Arabic: عبد الوهاب ابن أحمد الشعرانى ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Aḥmad ash-Shaʿrānī) was an Egyptian Shafi'i scholar and mystic, founder of an Egyptian order of Sufism, eponymously known as Šaʿrāwiyyah. The order gradually declined after Shaʿrani's death, although it remained active until the 19th century. Sharani's master was the prominent Shaykh Ali al-Khawas.[3]
'Abd al-Wahhab al-Sha'rani | |
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عبد الوهاب ابن أحمد الشعرانى | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1493 |
| Died | 5 December 1565 (aged 71–72) |
| Religion | Islam |
| Era | Medieval philosophy |
| Jurisprudence | Shafi'i |
| Creed | Ashari[1] |
| Main interest(s) | History |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by | |
Influenced | |
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| Ash'arism |
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Besides voluminous mystic writings, he also composed an epitome of a treatise by as-Suwaydī (1204–1292; AH 604–690).[4]
His seminal work Al-Mīzan al-Kubra (The Supreme Scale) compares the rulings of all four Sunni schools of sharia as if they were a single school. He considered the differences, according to their difficulty, as either strictness ('azima) or dispensation (rukhsa).[5]
Works
- Al-Ajwiba-t al-Marḍiyya
- Al-Kibrīt al-Aḥmar
- Al-Mīzan al-Kubra (The Supreme Scale) [Arabic ed. Cairo: al-Maṭābi` al-Amīriyya, 1900. 2 vols.]
- Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (The supreme levels)
- Lata'if al-minan wa al-akhlaq (Subtleties of gifts and character)
- Lawaqih al-anwar al-qudsiyya (The fecundating sacred illuminations)
- Kitab al-yawaqit wa al-jawahir fī bayan 'aqa'id al-akabir (The book of rubies and jewels: an explanation of the tenets of faith of mystic luminaries).
- Al-Jawahir wa al-Durar (The jewels and pearls)
- Durar al-Ghawas li sayyidi Ali al-Khawas
- Al-Kawkab al-shahiq fī al-farq bayn al-Mureed al-sadiq wa Ghayri sadiq
- Mawazin al-qaswirin min shuyukhin wa muridin
- al-Fulk al-mashḥūn fī bayān anna l-taṣawwuf huwa mā takhluqu bihi al-'ulamā' al-'āmilūn
- Muẖtaṣar taḏkira-t as-Suwaydī fī l-ṭibb
References
- Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-4384-5370-5.
- Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-4384-5370-5.
- Woodhead, Christine, ed. (15 December 2011). The Ottoman World. Routledge. ISBN 9781136498947 – via Google Books.
- Muẖtaṣar taḏkira-t as-Suwaydī fī l-ṭibb / lil Imām aš-Šaʿrānī ; wa bi-hāmiš-i-hā taḏkira-t aš-Šayẖ ʾAḥmad al-Qalyūbī fī l-ṭibb ed. Cairo, 1302 [1885]/1316 [1899]; ed. Aḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdī, Beirut (1998). MS A 45 in the US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
- This issue is partially discussed by Ahmed Fekry Ibrahim, "Al-Sha`rani's Response to Legal Purism: A Theory of Legal Pluralism", in Islamic Law and Society, vol. 20 (2013, pp. 110-140.
- C. Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (GAL), 1st edition, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1889–1936), vol. 2, pp. 335–8.
- M. Winter, 'Shaʿrānī' in Gibbs et al. (eds.), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, 11 vols. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1960–2002), vol. 9, p. 316.
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