Simone Kennedy (politician)

Simone Jeanet Kennedy-Doornbos (born 19 December 1970) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Union. Raised in a Reformed (Liberated) family in 't Harde, Kennedy studied medical biology at the University of Amsterdam. While a student, she unsuccessfully ran for the municipal council of Amsterdam in 1991 as the lead candidate of the Reformed Political League (GPV) – a precursor of the Christian Union. She married historian James Kennedy in 1994, and the couple moved to the American state of Iowa that same year.

In this Dutch name, the birth surname is Doornbos and the marital name is Kennedy.

Simone Kennedy
A Caucasian woman with brown hair holding her hands together while presenting
Kennedy at a 2016 conference
Senator
Assumed office
17 January 2023
Preceded byPeter Ester
Member of the Provincial Council of Utrecht
Assumed office
29 March 2023
Member of the Amersfoort municipal council
In office
18 April 2006 – 29 March 2022
Preceded byHans van Daalen
Personal details
Born
Simone Jeanet Doornbos[1]

(1970-12-19) 19 December 1970
Kampen, Netherlands
Political partyChristian Union
Other political
affiliations		Reformed Political League (before 2003)
Spouse
​
(m. 1994)​
Children3
Alma materUniversity of Amsterdam (MSc)
Occupation
  • Politician
  • translator
  • tour operator

When Kennedy returned to the Netherlands nine years later and settled in Amersfoort, she became active in both local and national politics. She joined the Christian Union's permanent campaign, several working groups, and its think tank nationally, while she was elected to the municipal council in her new home town in 2006. She served four terms as a councilor, filling the positions of leader of the Christian Union's parliamentary group and of vice chair of the council for part of that period. During the 2015 European migrant crisis, Kennedy spoke out against the living conditions of refugees in the Netherlands, and she played a central role in local volunteering for asylum seekers.

Kennedy also participated in several national elections in the years 2006–19 but was never elected. She was appointed to the Senate in January 2023 following the death of Peter Ester, and she was elected to the Provincial Council of Utrecht two months later.

Early and personal life

Kennedy was born in 1970 as Simone Doornbos in the Overijssel city of Kampen as the oldest of five children. Her parents were Frisians, and her father worked as an engineer. Aged two, she moved to the village of 't Harde, located across the border with Gelderland.[2][3] Her family belonged to the Reformed Church (Liberated), and Kennedy attended an elementary school of that denomination in Dronten. As a child, she did gymnastics, played volleybal, and she learned to play the piano.[3][4] She went to the Greijdanus secondary school in Zwolle, receiving her vwo diploma in 1989.[5]

Kennedy subsequently studied medical biology at the University of Amsterdam until her graduation in 1994.[6][7] While a student, she became politically active as a member of the Reformed Political League (GPV) – a precursor of the Christian Union. According to Kennedy, she was not interested in politics but joined the party in order to participate in a 1990 trip to the Soviet Union organized by the GPV's youth organization, called the GPJC.[4] She later became chair of GPJC Amsterdam, and she presented the GPV's national campaign for the May 1994 general election.[6][7] Kennedy ran for the Amsterdam municipal council in March 1994 local elections as the GPV's lead candidate. The conservative party had never managed to win a council seat in Amsterdam before. Kennedy conceded that she did not expect to be elected, but she explained that the campaign allowed the party to make its stances known.[7] The GPV received 0.6% of the vote – insufficient for a seat.[8]

In 1991, she also met her husband, James Carleton Kennedy, as they were both attending the Tituskapel in Amsterdam.[2] James had been born in 1963 in Orange City, Iowa to an American father and a mother from Rotterdam. He was visiting the Netherlands on a Fulbright scholarship to write his dissertation about Dutch history.[9][10] The couple married on 9 August 1994 in the English Reformed Church, part of the Amsterdam Begijnhof. They spent four months in the Christian living community L'Abri in Eck en Wiel before moving to the United States in December.[2][11] They initially lived in Iowa City, where James was completing his dissertation titled Building New Babylon: Cultural Change in the Netherlands During the 1960s at the University of Iowa. A translated version by Kennedy was published in 1995.[4][12][13] Unable to find a job in her field of study, Kennedy was employed by a women's shelter and did some secretarial work before setting up a travel agency called Eurotrail, organizing cycling trips in the Netherlands.[3][4] Kennedy moved to Holland, Michigan – a city with a significant Dutch-American community – in 1997. She was also active as a translator for Hope College's A. C. Van Raalte Institute.[14][15] Kennedy's daughter was born in 1996, and two more sons were born in 1998 and 2000.[16][17][18]

When James became a history professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 2003, the family returned to the Netherlands after having spent nine years in the United States.[6] They settled in Amersfoort.[10] Throughout her later political career, Kennedy kept organizing cycling trips for American tourists, operating under the name Hollandtrail.[19] Besides, she translated another book of her husband called A Concise History of the Netherlands (2017).[2][20] Kennedy has remained a member of the Reformed Church (Liberated), and her family has taken care of a number of foster children.[6][21]

Amersfoort politics

Beginnings and rise to parliamentary leader

Next to her roles for the Christian Union nationally, Kennedy became active for the party in her new hometown of Amersfoort. She initially assisted its parliamentary group in the municipal council, and she participated in the March 2006 municipal elections, in which the Christian Union won three seats.[4][22] Kennedy was not elected, but she did enter the council on 18 April 2006, when Hans van Daalen vacated his seat to become an alderman in the new municipal executive.[23][24] Kennedy became her party's spokesperson for urban management, education, housing, the economy, culture, tourism, recreation, and sports.[25]

A historic urban house with a sign saying "Mondriaanhuis"
The Mondrian House in 2008

As a councilor, she opposed an artistic porn festival that was planned to be organized in the city in the spring of 2007. She argued that it should not be held in a public space such that people would not be unintentionally confronted with sexually explicit content.[26] She co-filed a motion to not designate the event as cultural in order to withhold subsidies. It did not receive support from a council majority, but the subsidies were not granted in the end due to a late application.[27] During her term, Kennedy also drew media attention for her knitting during council meetings. She told media outlets that she had transitioned from knitting below her desk to above it following positive reactions.[28] However, Kennedy announced in March 2007 that she would stop the practice to prevent leaving a disinterested impression.[29] In 2008, the Mondrian House and the cultural foundation Amersfoort in C were preparing a merger because of the former's financial troubles. Kennedy was critical of the foundation's plans to replace the collection of abstract constructivist and concrete art of Mondrian's successors on the museum's first floor by works of young regional artists. She argued in the council that the Mondrian House should spend €160,000 in subsidies on the acquisition of a climate system such that it could exhibit abstract works of art on loan.[30][31] After a private party offered money, a compromise was reached between Amersfoort in C and the Mondrian House under which the abstract art would remain and the climate system would be purchased. Kennedy co-sponsored a motion to provide the municipal funding required to execute the plan.[32][33]

Kennedy was re-elected in March 2010 as the Christian Union's second candidate behind Van Daalen, while the party retained its three seats.[34][35] Kennedy was chosen as the council's vice chair, allowing her to presided over meetings in the absence of the mayor.[36] The new governing coalition consisted of the VVD, GroenLinks, D66, the CDA, and the local BPA party, but the last of those stepped out in December. The Christian Union joined the remaining coalition parties seven weeks later after Kennedy had represented her party during the negotiations. She simultaneously succeeded Menno Tigelaar as the leader of the parliamentary group in the council, since Tigelaar joined the municipal executive.[37][38] As a coalition party, the Christian Union voted in favor of a round of spending cuts totaling €20 million. However, during the preceding budget talks, Kennedy complained about savings on basic services. In particular, she highlighted the removal of swimming lessons from the primary school curriculum, the closing of several library locations and neighborhood centers, and the discontinuation of transportation for disabled students for distances below 7 km (4 mi) as painful.[39][40][41] The coalition fell again in December 2012 due to a conflict between the VVD and GroenLinks, and a new one was formed that excluded the Christian Union.[42][43]

Kennedy was her party's lead candidate in March 2014 municipal elections, in which The Christian Union increased its seat count from three to five.[44][45] The party entered into a new governing coalition with the VVD, D66, and the Labour Party.[46] Kennedy proposed to subsidize couples therapy for disadvantaged people, arguing that poverty and hardship resulting from divorces are costly to society.[47] The Christian Union also cooperated with three homeless shelters to connect homeless youth with families willing to take them into their home.[48] In 2017, a majority of the council voted in favor of a joint proposal by the party and the CDA to make it possible for troublemakers to be placed in a temporary house. However, some questions about its legality were later raised, as the measure would not be imposed by a judge.[49][50]

Refugee crisis

In 2015, Europe experienced an increased number of migrants entering the continent – partly as a result of the Syrian civil war. In an opinion article, Kennedy proposed to convert empty office buildings, schools, and healthcare facilities into cohousing units for refugees to prevent increased demand on the housing market. She suggested that they could also temporarily house students, divorced parents, and people early in their career.[51][52] Some councilors criticized the plan, saying it would lead to clashes between different groups and to ghettos in the city.[53] The idea was later brought into practice at several locations.[21][54] Kennedy herself had taken in a Syrian lesbian professor before the influx of refugees had started at the suggestion of her husband.[6][55] She created a Facebook group called Gastgezin Amersfoort (Host family Amersfoort) in September 2015 for people interested in volunteering for or housing refugees.[56] It grew to 800 members and became the center of coordinating volunteer work to aid refugees in the city.[6][57] Starting on 30 September, a group of refugees stayed a week in an Amersfoort sports hall. They moved to an empty school building before being relocated on 11 November to an emergency shelter in nearby Soesterberg.[58] She criticized the Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers (COA), saying that refugees were only given basic necessities. According to Kennedy, not providing them with language courses, activities, or a purpose destroyed them mentally.[57] Furthermore, she told that the move to the permanent location in Soesterberg made it more difficult for volunteers such as Kennedy to enter.[59]

Kennedy announced in May 2016 that she would cease volunteering for refugees, as she could no longer handle it. She believed that all asylum seekers in Soesterberg were depressed, and she encouraged others to take on the work.[60] Kennedy did continue some activities, connecting refugees with people willing to have them stay in their empty home during the summer holiday.[61] Kennedy received significant media attention for her refugee work, including from national publications.[6][57][59][62]

Final term

Kennedy sought a fourth term in the council in March 2018 municipal elections, again as the Christian Union's lead candidate.[63] The party lost one of its five seats, while it had – in contrast to previous election cycles – competition from the Reformed Political Party (SGP).[64][65] Kennedy did not renominate herself as the council's vice chair after this election.[36] In May 2019, she announced that she would not run for re-election, citing term limits imposed by the party.[66] She already stepped down as parliamentary leader as of the start of the following year in order to focus on her career and on the national election campaign, being succeeded by Hans Bol.[67] Her final term ended on 29 March 2022 following municipal elections earlier that month.[68] On her last day in the council, the municipality awarded Kennedy the Sint-Jorispenning – a medal given to people who have contributed majorly to the city.[69][70] She had earlier become a member of the Order of Orange-Nassau in April 2017.[71] She received those honors for her career in local politics as well as for her volunteering and refugee work. Kennedy volunteered at De Kandelaar, a Reformed church; at the Amersfoort food bank; at Stadsring 51, a local credit counseling foundation; and at CJVV, a local football club. She also co-founded the Amersfoort diaconal charity fund in 2013.[69][72]

Following her exit form local politics, Kennedy became a youth care worker for The Salvation Army, and she coordinated the sheltering of Ukrainian refugees following the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a location manager for the municipality. She fulfilled the latter role until November 2022.[24][73]

National and provincial politics

Permanent campaign and think tank

Upon her return from the United States in 2003, Kennedy joined the Christian Union's permanent campaign as well as the party's women's working group called Inclusief and the board of trustees of its think tank.[74] Furthermore, she chaired a Christian Union working group on public art. Together with Arie Slob – then a House member – Kennedy argued that public spaces should not be used to showcase innovative and experimental art, calling such works incomprehensible to the general population. She instead proposed to have more public art that reinforces the identity and history of a place. For her hometown of Amersfoort, she suggested erecting statues of statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1547–1619) and painter Piet Mondrian (1872–1944) – both born in the city.[75][76] Kennedy also wrote an opinion piece for de Volkskrant in that period, in which she criticized childcare benefits introduced by the 2004 Childcare Act. According to Kennedy, the government was financially punishing stay-at-home parents and subsidizing double-income families. She recommended a four-year benefit to be received by all parents to maximize freedom of choice.[77][78]

As part of the permanent campaign, Kennedy helped write the Christian Union's election program for general elections in 2006, 2010, and 2012.[79][80][81] During those elections, she also occupied places 12, 13, and 39 on the party list, respectively.[82][83][84] She ran for the Senate in May 2011 as the party's third candidate and described herself in an interview as a little right of the center within the party, mentioning the importance of personal responsibility. Kennedy was not elected due to the Christian Union losing two of its four Senate seats.[85][86][3] Kennedy co-authored a 2009 publication by Christian Union's think tank that called for a raise of the retirement age – contrary to the party's official position – to relieve younger families. The measure would generate additional tax income to bear the costs of an aging population. Kennedy stated that consequently parents would not have to be pushed to work more and would therefore have enough time to spend with their families and on volunteering.[87][88] In 2012, during the European debt crisis, the Christian Union joined the VVD, the CDA, GroenLinks, and D66 in support of a budget that raised the retirement age from 65 to 67 years after the first Rutte cabinet had fallen.[89]

Kennedy did not run again for a Senate seat in the 2015 election, saying she wanted to remain a councilor in Amersfoort in order to deal with new responsibilities that were given to municipalities as part of a decentralization effort. She also called herself too much of an activist for the body.[6] She did announce her candidacy for the 2017 general election, as her children had become more independent. However, she was disappointed with her 22nd spot on the Christian Union's party list.[90][91] After the Christian Union joined the new governing coalition, Kennedy found the coalition agreement's paragraph on immigration too negative towards refugees, and she called on her party to execute it as leniently as possible, especially with regard to pardons for immigrant children.[92][93]

Having assisted previous campaigns, she first participated in an election for the European Parliament in 2019 as the eighth candidate on the shared list Christian Union – Reformed Political Party (CU-SGP). Kennedy was not elected as the party won two seats, but she did receive 6,776 preference votes – more than any other candidate on the CU-SGP list after the third spot.[90][94] Kennedy had earlier criticized the Christian Union's 2009 decision to end its cooperation in the European Parliament with the Reformed Political Party (SGP). Her party had joined the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), while the SGP had been barred from entering the political group by the British Conservative Party due to the SGP's opposition to female political office holders. Kennedy wrote that she had cooperated well with the SGP and that the Conservative Party was exhibiting the same intolerance it was accusing the SGP of by not allowing it to join.[95][96] The SGP was finally allowed to enter the ECR in 2014.[97]

Senate and Provincial Council of Utrecht
A tall white office building with a blue sky in the background
Seat of the Provincial Council of Utrecht

Kennedy was the Christian Union's sixth candidate in the May 2019 Senate election, in which her party received four seats.[98][99] Following the death of Christian Union Senator Peter Ester on 11 December 2022, Kennedy was appointed as his successor due to her position on the party list during the last election. She was sworn into the Senate on 17 January 2023. Kennedy said that she would focus on helping vulnerable people in society, on having a fair distribution of the tax burden, and on preventing the government from interfering in the responsibilities of individuals and organizations.[100][101]

She was elected to the Provincial Council of Utrecht in March 2023, when the Christian Union won three seats and Kennedy had been placed third on the party list. She was installed on 29 March.[102][103]

Senate committee assignments
  • Committee on Finances
  • Committee on Kingdom Relations
  • Committee on Social Affairs and Employment[104]

Electoral history
Electoral history of Simone Kennedy
Year Body Party Pos. Votes Result Ref.
Party seats Individual
1994 Amsterdam municipal council Reformed Political League 1 0 Lost [7][8]
2006 Amersfoort municipal council Christian Union 3 Lost [22]
2006 House of Representatives Christian Union 12 369 6 Lost [82]
2010 Amersfoort municipal council Christian Union 2 885 3 Won [34][35]
2010 House of Representatives Christian Union 13 489 5 Lost [83]
2011 Senate Christian Union 3 641[lower-alpha 1] 2 Lost [86]
2012 House of Representatives Christian Union 39 175 5 Lost [84]
2014 Amersfoort municipal council Christian Union 1 4,064 5 Won [44][45][105]
2017 House of Representatives Christian Union 22 748 5 Lost [106]
2018 Amersfoort municipal council Christian Union 1 4,694 4 Won [63][64][107]
2019 European Parliament Christian Union – Reformed Political Party 8 6,776 2 Lost [108]
2019 Senate Christian Union 6 0[lower-alpha 1] 4 Lost [99]
2021 House of Representatives Christian Union 12 1,600 5 Lost [109]
2023 Provincial Council of Utrecht Christian Union 3 3,874 3 Won [102]

Notes
  1. Weighted vote total that is used to account for population differences between provinces

References
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  3. De Vries, Huib (2 March 2011). "Een onafhankelijke politica" [An independent politician]. Terdege (in Dutch). pp. 18–22. Retrieved 14 April 2023 – via Digibron.
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  5. "Uitslag examens" [Exam results]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). 15 June 1989. p. 10. Retrieved 25 March 2023 – via Delpher.
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  29. "Breiend CU-raadslid haakt af" [Knitting CU councilor quits]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 28 March 2007. p. 3.
  30. "'Amersfoort schrijft Mondriaanhuis af'" ['Amersfoort is done with the Mondrian House']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 8 July 2008. p. 2.
  31. "'Museum gaat zonder krachtig ingrijpen failliet'" ['Museum will go bankrupt without a forceful intervention']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 11 July 2008. p. 3.
  32. De Valk, Jeroen (20 September 2008). "Compromis Mondriaanhuis" [Compromise Mondrian House]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 3.
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  39. "ChristenUnie tegen afschaffen schoolzwemmen" [Christian Union against abolishing swimming lessons in school]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 2 November 2010. p. 3.
  40. De Vries, Leo (10 May 2011). "Meer verzet tegen snoeien" [Increased opposition against cuts]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 1.
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  52. "Opvang in kantoren" [Shelter in offices]. Amersfoort Nu (in Dutch). 2 September 2015.
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  54. Van Dijk, Piet (6 March 2021). "Heel veel flyeren en niet aanbellen: corona maakt kiezers winnen moeilijk" [Handing out a lot of flyers and not going from door to door: COVID-19 makes it hard to gain voters]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 April 2023.
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  59. Kennedy, Simone (13 February 2016). "'Ieder mens heeft recht op een beetje warmte'" ['Every human is entitled to a little bit of warmth']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Marco Willemse. pp. 6–7.
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