Soviet Civil Administration

The Soviet Civil Administration (SCA) was the government of the northern half of Korea from 24 August 1945 to 9 September 1948 though governed concurrently after the setup of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea in 1946. Even though formally referred as civilian administration, it was originally a military organization that included civilians of different professions.[3]

Soviet Civil Administration in Korea
Советская гражданская администрация (Russian)
소비에트 민정청 (Korean)
1945–1948
Flag of SCA
Anthem: 소비에트 연방 찬가
"State Anthem of the Soviet Union"
(1946–1947)
Location of northern Korea
Location of northern Korea
StatusMilitary occupation
CapitalPyongyang
Official languagesRussian, Korean
GovernmentMarxist–Leninist Provisional government
General[1] 
• 1945–1947
Andrei Alekseevich Romanenko[2]
• 1947-1948
Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev
Head of Civil Administration 
• 1945-1948
Terentii Shtykov
History 
15 August 1945
• Soviet troops stationed in Pyongyang
24 August 1945
8 February 1946 1948
9 September 1948
CurrencyWon of the Red Army Command
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Chōsen
People's Republic of Korea
Provisional People's Committee of North Korea
Today part ofNorth Korea
South Korea
Soviet Civil Administration
Chosŏn'gŭl
소비에트 민정청
Hancha
소비에트 民政廳
Revised RomanizationSobieteu Minjeongcheong
McCune–ReischauerSobiet'ŭ Minjŏngch'ŏng

It was the administrative structure that the Soviet Union used to govern what would become North Korea following the division of Korea. General Terentii Shtykov was the main proponent of setting up a centralized structure to coordinate Korean People's Committees. The setup was officially recommended by General Ivan Chistyakov and headed by General Andrei Romanenko in 1945 and by General Nikolai Lebedev in 1946.[4]

Postwar period
Main articles: World War II and Division of Korea

In the postwar period between 1946–1949 the Sakhalin administration (Soviet Union) in anticipation of Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands had allegedly established a relationship with SCA in order to secure cheap Korean workforce to be used on Sakhalin fisheries that was about to evacuate from Islands along with Japanese civilians.[3] By 1950 the Korean workforce grew up to 10 thousands people on Sakhalin island only.[3]

During the Soviet occupation, Soviet soldiers committed rape against both Japanese and Korean women alike.[5][6] Soviet soldiers also looted the property of both Japanese and Koreans living in northern Korea.[5]

Even in North Korea, ‘Japanese enterprises of military and heavy industry’ were considered ‘trophies of the Red Army, since all these enterprises to one degree or another worked for the Japanese army’. These factories ‘must be transferred to the Soviet Union as partial payment of reparations’, as a December 1945 document put it.

The Soviets claimed Japanese enterprises in northern Korea and took valuable materials and industrial equipment.[5]

See also

References
  1. North Korean History through the Lens of Soviet Power
  2. Andrei Alekseevich Romanenko, Russian: Андрей Алексеевич Романенко
  3. "Андрей Ланьков: Северокорейские рабочие в СССР и России. Бесправные рабы или рабочая аристократия?". polit.ru. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  4. Armstrong, Charles K. (2013-04-15). The North Korean Revolution, 1945–1950 (Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University) (Kindle Location pp. 154–155, 1367). Cornell University Press. Kindle Edition.
  5. Edele, Mark (2015), Maiolo, Joseph; Bosworth, Richard (eds.), "Soviet liberations and occupations, 1939–1949", The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 2: Politics and Ideology, The Cambridge History of the Second World War, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 2, pp. 487–508, ISBN 978-1-107-03407-5, retrieved 9 May 2021
    In Korea, Red Army men also ‘committed depredations against the Japanese and Koreans, including rape and looting, on what appears to have been a wide scale and which went quite beyond taking revenge against the enemy and its Korean allies’
  6. Cumings, Bruce. "The North Wind: The Origins of the Korean War" (PDF).
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