Synura

Synura is a genus of colonial chrysomonad algae covered in silica scales.[2] It is the most conspicuous genus of the order Synurales.[3]

Synura
A colony of Synura sp.
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Clade: Stramenopiles
Phylum: Gyrista
Subphylum: Ochrophytina
Class: Chrysophyceae
Order: Synurales
Family: Synuraceae
Genus: Synura
Ehrenberg 1834
Species

See text.

Synonyms[1]
  • Chrysodidymus Prowse

Description

Species of Synura form microscopic, spherical colonies with cells attached at the center. Cells are variously shaped, typically spherical to pear-shaped or club-shaped. Each cell contains two plastids aligned with the long axis of the cell; they impart a distinctive golden color to the cells, which come from chlorophyll c1 and fucoxanthin. Cells are covered in scales made of silica. Two flagella are present.[4]

Identification of species depends on the morphology of the scales. For many species, a positive identification is only possible with an electron microscope, either with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM).[4]

Classification

The present taxonomy recognizes five sections:[2][3]

  • Section Peterseniae
    • S. americana
    • S. australiensis
    • S. borealis
    • S. conopea
    • S. glabra
    • S. heteropora
    • S. hibernica
    • S. laticarina
    • S. longisquama
    • S. macracantha
    • S. macropora
    • S. petersenii
  • Section Spinosae
    • S. curtispina
    • S. mollispina
    • S. nygaardii
    • S. sphagnicola
    • S. spinosa
  • Section Echinulatae
    • S. biseriata
    • S. echinulata
    • S. leptorrhabda
    • S. mammillosa
    • S. multidentata
  • Section Splendidae
    • S. splendida
  • Section Uvellae
    • S. uvella

References
  1. Pusztai, Martin; Čertnerová, Dora; Škaloudová, Magda; Škaloud, Pavel (2016). "Elucidating the Phylogeny and Taxonomic Position of the genus Chrysodidymus Prowse (Chrysophyceae, Synurales)". Cryptogamie, Algologie. 37 (4): 297–307. doi:10.7872/crya/v37.iss4.2016.297. S2CID 51739744.
  2. Škaloud, Pavel; Kristiansen, Jørgen; Škaloudová, Magda (July 2013). "Developments in the taxonomy of silica-scaled chrysophytes – from morphological and ultrastructural to molecular approaches". Nordic Journal of Botany (published August 2013). 31 (4): 385–402. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00119.x.
  3. Škaloud P, Škaloudová M, Procházková A, Němcová Y (2014). "Morphological delineation and distribution patterns of four newly described species within the Synura petersenii species complex (Chrysophyceae, Stramenopiles)". European Journal of Phycology. 49 (2): 213–229. doi:10.1080/09670262.2014.905710.
  4. Siver, Peter A. (2014). "Chapter 14. Synurophyte Algae". In Wehr, John D.; Sheath, Robert G.; Kociolek, J. Patrick (eds.). Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification (2 ed.). Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-385876-4.
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