Timeline of Bern
The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Bern, Switzerland.
Prior to 19th century
    
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| Early history | 
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| Transitional period | 
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| Modern history | 
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- 2nd-3rd century CE - Roman settlement abandoned.[1]
 - 1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.[2]
 - 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.[3]
 - 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built.[1]
 - 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes Schultheiss von Bern.
 - 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built.
 - 1259 - First mention of Jews in Bern.[4]
 - 1268 - Nydegg Castle demolished (approximate date).
 - 1270 - Felsenburg (castle) built (approximate date).
 - 1285 - Predigerkirche (Bern) (church) built.[1]
 - 1289 - April: Battle of Schosshalde takes place; Bern successfully resisted Rudolph of Hapsburg.[3]
 - 1298
 - 1331-1333 - Gümmenenkrieg (Fribourg-Bern war).
 - 1339 - Battle of Laupen.[2]
 - 1345 - Golatenmatttor (tower) built.
 - 1346
- Black Death plague.[2]
 - Äussere Neustadt area developed.
 - Christoffelturm (tower) and Nydeggkirche (church) built.
 
 - 1348-49 - Pogroms and persecution of the Jews in Bern following the Black Death.[5]
 - 1353 - Canton of Bern joins the Swiss Confederacy.[6][7]
 - 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[8]
 - 1383-1384 - Burgdorferkrieg (Kyberg-Bern war) takes place in the County of Burgundy.
 - 1406 - Construction begins of current Town hall of Bern.[7]
 - 1417 - Bern Town Hall (town hall) built.[1]
 - 1421 - Bern Munster construction begins.[7]
 - 1430 - Konrad Justinger writes Chronik der Stadt Bern, a history of the city.
 - 1470 - Tschachtlanchronik (Bern history) compiled.
 - 1489 - Untertorbrücke (bridge) built.
 - 1494 - Antoniterkirche (Bern) (church) rebuilt.
 - 1513 - Town begins to keep bears in the Bärenplatz.[7]
 - 1525 - Printing press in operation.[9]
 - 1528 - Bern Disputation.
 - 1530 - Astronomical clock installed in the Zytglogge.[1]
 - 1532 - Bernese Synod adopted.[10]
 - 1543 - Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern) (fountain) erected on Gerechtigkeitsgasse.
 - 1544 - Simsonbrunnen (fountain) erected.
 - 1546 - Fountains Anna-Seiler-Brunnen (on Marktgasse) and Pfeiferbrunnen (on Spitalgasse) erected.
 - 1573 - Munster construction ends.[7]
 - 1615 - Schallenhaus (prison) in operation.
 - 1700 - Population: 14,219.[11]
 - 1718 - Kornhaus (Bern) (granary) built.[1]
 - 1729 - Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern rebuilt.[1]
 - 1752 - Erlacherhof (mansion) built.[1]
 - 1759 - Ökonomische Gesellschaft (scientific society) founded.[12]
 - 1798 - 5 March: Battle of Grauholz takes place in canton; French in power.[6]
 - 1799 - Stämpfli (publisher) in business.
 
19th century
    
- 1803 - City library active.[13]
 - 1815 - Bernischen Musikgesellschaft (music society) founded.[14]
 - 1817 - Rathaus zum Äusseren Stand (government building) rebuilt.
 - 1818 - Population: 18,997.[11]
 - 1830 - Eidgenössisches Schützenfest held in Bern.
 - 1832
- Karl Zeerleder becomes mayor.
 - Canton becomes administratively independent of city.[1]
 
 - 1834 - University of Bern established.[7]
 - 1837 - Population: 24,362.[11]
 - 1844 - Nydeggbrücke (bridge) built.
 - 1846
 - 1848 - Bern becomes capital of Switzerland.[3][7]
 - 1850
 - 1851 - Tiefenaubrücke (bridge) built.
 - 1857 - Federal Palace of Switzerland[1] and Bärengraben (bear pit) built.
 - 1858
- Bern railway station opens.
 - Musikschule Konservatorium Bern founded.[14]
 
 - 1863 - Bernischen Juristenverein (lawyers' association) founded.
 - 1864 - Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bern built.[1]
 - 1868 - Chocolat Tobler in business.
 - 1874
- International Weltpostkongress 1874 (postal union meeting) held in Bern; "Treaty concerning the formation of a General Postal Union" signed.
 - Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland headquartered in Bern.[18]
 
 - 1877 - Bern Symphony Orchestra established.[19]
 - 1879 - Conche machine invented by chocolate maker Rodolphe Lindt.
 - 1880
 - 1886 - International "Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" signed in city.[3]
 - 1888 - Berner Tramway-Gesellschaft founded.
 - 1891
- August: 700th anniversary of city founding.[3]
 - State Archive of Bern founded.
 
 - 1893
- June: Labour unrest.[3]
 - Johanneskirche (Bern) (church) built.
 - Frauenkomitee Bern founded.
 
 - 1894 - Bern Historical Museum built.
 - 1900
- Städtische Strassenbahn Bern (public transit operator) and Gutenberg Museum (Bern) established.
 - Population: 64,227.[7]
 
 
20th century
    
- 1902 - Federal Palace of Switzerland building expanded.[7]
 - 1903 - Albert Einstein moves into Einsteinhaus on Kramgasse.
 - 1905
- St. Paul's Church, Bern built.
 - Akademischer Alpenclub Bern (hiking club) formed.[20]
 
 - 1906
 - 1910
- Eidgenössisches Schützenfest and Swiss Aviation Exhibition held.[21]
 - Population: 90,937 in city; 578,381 in canton.[17]
 
 - 1914 - Schweizerische Landesausstellung 1914 (national exposition) held in Bern.
 - 1915 - March: International socialist anti-war women's conference held in Bern.[22]
 - 1918
- Elfenau park now belongs to city.[23]
 - Haupt Verlag (publisher) in business.
 
 - 1919
- Bümpliz becomes part of city.[11]
 - February: Second International conference held in Bern.[22]
 
 - 1920 - Friedenskirche (Bern) (church) built.
 - 1928 - Schweizeische Ausstellung für Frauenarbeit (women's rights event) held in Bern.
 - 1929
- Bern Aerodrome begins operating.[21]
 - Alpar AG airline headquartered in Bern.[21]
 
 - 1930 - Population: 111,783 in city; 623,665 in canton.[17]
 - 1933 - Bern Trial begins.
 - 1936 - National Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents headquartered in Bern.[24]
 - 1939
- Tierpark Dählhölzli (zoo) opens.[25]
 - Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (history journal) in publication.[26]
 
 - 1940 - Trolleybus begins operating.
 - 1941- 1943 – The Bern group (Lados group) operates secretly to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.[27]
 - 1947 - Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Bern (public transit operator) established.
 - 1949
- Zytglogge Theater founded.[28]
 - Felsenaubrücke (bridge) and Petruskirche (Bern) (church) built.
 
 - 1950 - Population: 146,499 in city; 731,550 in canton.[17]
 - 1951 - Burgerbibliothek of Berne (public library) foundation established.[13]
 - 1955 - February: The Romanian embassy is seized.
 - 1963 - Camerata Bern founded.
 - 1969 - Szeemann's art exhibit "provokes a national scandal."[29]
 - 1970 - Population: 162,405 in city; 901,706 in canton.[17]
 - 1977
- Gurtenfestival of music begins.
 - Albert Einstein Society founded.
 
 - 1979
- French-speaking Canton of Jura secedes from mostly German-speaking Canton of Bern.[30]
 - Berner Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
 
 - 1982 - 6 September: Polish embassy occupied.[31]
 - 1983 - Old City of Bern designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1]
 - 1984 - Regional Transport Bern-Solothurn established.
 - 1990 - March: Demonstration against federal government keeping secret files on citizens.[18]
 - 1993 - Klaus Baumgartner becomes mayor.
 - 1995 
- Jewish religious community of Bern recognised under public law.[5]
 - Bern S-Bahn railway in operation.
 
 - 2000 - Population: 128,634 in city; 957,197 in canton.[17]
 
21st century
    
- 2002 - House of Religions founded.[1]
 - 2004 - Buskers Bern Street Music Festival begins.[32]
 - 2005
- Paul Klee Centre built.
 - Alexander Tschäppät becomes mayor.
 
 - 2007
 - 2008 - June: UEFA Euro 2008 Group C football contest takes place in Bern.[35][36]
 - 2009 - Bärengraben opens.[37]
 - 2013 - Population: 137,980.[38]
 
See also
    
- History of Bern
 - List of mayors of Bern
 - List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Bern
 - Timelines of other municipalities in Switzerland: Basel, Geneva, Zürich
 
References
    
- Leo Schelbert (2014). Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
 - Leo Schelbert (2014). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
 - Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Berne", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via HathiTrust
 - Wild, Matt, Dölf, Christoph Philipp (2005). "Zeugnisse jüdischen Lebens aus den mittelalterlichen Städten Zürich und Basel", in: Kunst und Architektur in der Schweiz. Synagogen 56:2. pp. 14–20.
 - "«Judentum», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2016".
 - "Bern (Kanton)" [Bern (canton)], Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German), retrieved 30 October 2015
 - Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 795.
 - Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
 - Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
 - Glenn Ehrstine (2002). Theater, Culture, and Community in Reformation Bern: 1523 - 1555. Brill. ISBN 90-04-12353-9.
 - "Bern (Gemeinde)" [Bern (municipality)], Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German), retrieved 30 September 2015
 - James E. McClellan (1985). Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
 - Hans A. Michel (1985). "Das wissenschaftliche Bibliothekswesen Berns vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart". Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (in German) (47): 167–234 – via ETH-Bibliothek.
 - Gustav Grunau (1908). Gedenkschrift zum 50-jährigen Bestehen der Berner Musikschule (in German). Bern: Grunau.
 - "«Antisemitismus», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2009".
 - "Archiv des Historischen Vereins des Kantons Bern". DigiBern (in German). Universitätsbibliothek Bern. Retrieved 30 September 2015. (links to fulltext publications of the society)
 - Evolution de la population des communes 1850-2000 (xls) (in French), Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office, 2005
 - "Switzerland". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
 - Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
 - A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal. UK (177). hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
 - "History". Bern Airport. Flughafen Bern AG. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
 - James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
 - "Russische Fürstin wirkte Wunder in Bern", Berner Zeitung (in German), 15 September 2012
 - Andreas Ladner (2004). Stabilität und Wandel von Parteien und Parteiensystemen: Eine vergleichende Analyse von Konfliktlinien, Parteien und Parteiensystemen in den Schweizer Kantonen (in German). Springer Fachmedien. ISBN 978-3-322-80995-7.
 - Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
 - "Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte". DigiBern (in German). Universitätsbibliothek Bern. Retrieved 30 September 2015. (links to fulltext)
 - Lubrich, Naomi (2021). Pässe, Profiteure, Polizei. Ein Schweizer Kriegsgeheimnis. Passports, Profiteers, Police. A Swiss War Secret. Basel/ Biel: Edition Clandestin, Jüdisches Museum der Schweiz.
 - Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). "Switzerland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp. 828+. ISBN 9780415251570.
 - "Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
 - "Switzerland Profile: Timeline", BBC News, retrieved 30 September 2015
 - "Polish rebels seize embassy in Bern", The New York Times, 7 September 1982
 - "Switzerland: Bern City Guide", Time Out, UK, retrieved 30 September 2015
 - "Sprengstoffanschlag auf Reitschule: Prozess könnte noch heuer stattfinden", Der Bund (in German), Bern, 25 June 2015
 - "Switzerland reeling as radicals create havoc at rightwing political rally", The Guardian, UK, 7 October 2007
 - Back to normality for Berne after Dutch invasion, Reuters, 10 June 2008
 - Berne police fired pellets on rowdy fans, Reuters, 12 June 2008
 - "Chronologie: Ein Park mit einem zehnjährigen Auf und Ab", Berner Zeitung (in German), 2 July 2010
 - "Bevölkerung", Jahrbuch 2014 (in German), Stadt Bern
 
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
    
in English
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Berne". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
 - Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 795.
 - "Berne". Switzerland. Grieben's Guide Books (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1912. hdl:2027/uc1.$b264107.
 
in German
- Eduard von Rodt [in German] (1886). Bernische Stadtgeschichte (in German). Bern: Huber & Comp.
 - Berchtold Weber (1976). Historisch-topographisches Lexikon der Stadt Bern (in German) – via DigiBern. (fulltext)
 - Peter Meyer (ed.). Illustrierte Berner Enzyklopädie (in German) – via DigiBern. 1981-1987 (fulltext)
 - J. Sulzer; et al. (1989). Stadtplanung in Bern (in German).
 - "Festschrift zum 800-Jahr-Jubiläum der Stadt Bern". Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (in German) (53). 1991 – via ETH-Bibliothek. (fulltext)
 - Ch. Lüthi; B. Meier, eds. (1998). Bern: eine Stadt bricht auf (in German).
 
External links
    
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Bern.
- Bibliografie der Berner Geschichte [Bibliography of the History of Bern] (in German), Burgerbibliothek of Berne 1995–present
 
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