Timeline of Brussels
The following is a timeline of the history of Brussels, Belgium.
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Prehistory
- 3000–2200 BCE – First known settlements in Brussels during Neolithic era, located in the Sonian Forest.[1]
Roman Period
- 1st century CE – Roman villa constructed in Anderlecht, located near the Allée de la Villa Romaine/Romeinse-Villadreef.[2]
- 2nd century CE – Gallo-Roman villa constructed in Jette, located in the King Baudouin Park.[3]
Middle Ages
- 580 – Saint Gaugericus builds a chapel on an island in the river Senne.[4]
Charles of Lorraine founded what would become Brussels, c. 979.
- 979 – Charles of Lorraine transfers the relics from Saint Gudula to the chapel built by Saint Gaugericus.
- 1012 – Guy of Anderlecht dies in Anderlecht on his return home from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.[5]
- 1015–1020 – Oldest written record of Brussels by Olbert of Gembloux.[6]
- 1229 – Henry I, Duke of Brabant, issues charter of city rights for Brussels.[7]
- 1273 – First stage of the rebuilding of the Church of St Michael and St Gudula in the Gothic style completed (approximate date).[8]
- 1304 – Church of Our Blessed Lady of the Sablon founded.[9]
- 1308 – Meyboom first attested.[10]
- 1348 – Ommegang begins as a Marian procession.[11]
- 1356
- Joyous Entry of Joanna and Wenceslaus into city.
- Expansion of fortifications of Brussels begins.
- 1370 – Brussels massacre occurs, followed by the expulsion of the city's remaining Jewish population.
- 1381 – Halle Gate built.
- 1393 – Anderlecht becomes part of Brussels.
- 1420 – Brussels Town Hall built.
- 1455 – Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament of the Miracle built.
- 1476 – Printing press in operation.[12]
- 1477 – Habsburgs come to power in Burgundy.[13]
16th century
- 1536 – King's House built for Duke of Brabant.
- 1555 – Abdication of Charles V in the Aula Magna of the Palace of Coudenberg.
- 1568 – Counts of Egmont and Horn executed.
- 1585 – City becomes capital of Spanish Netherlands.
- 1619 – Bronze Manneken Pis statue installed.
- 1622 – Funeral of Albert VII of Austria
- 1695 – City is bombarded by the French, destroying a third of its buildings, including the Grand-Place/Grote Markt.
- 1700 – Théâtre de la Monnoye built.
Brussels in the 17th century
Ommegang of Brussels in 1615
The Grand-Place/Grote Markt in flames during the bombardment of Brussels in 1695
18th century
- 1713 – City becomes part of Austrian Netherlands.
- 1714 – Belfry of Brussels collapses.
- 1719 – François Anneessens executed.
- 1731 – Palace of Coudenberg destroyed.
- 1746 – Siege of Brussels.
- 1772
- Imperial and Royal Academy of Brussels established.[14]
- Opéra flamand established.
- 1774 – Rue Royale/Koningsstraat laid out.[9]
- 1775 – Brussels Park laid out.
- 1782 – Place Royale/Koningsplein laid out.
- 1787 – Vauxhall opens.
- 1783 – Royal Palace of Brussels construction begins.
- 1784 – City gates demolished, except for the Halle Gate.
- 1787 – Church of St. James on Coudenberg consecrated.
- 1789 – Brabant Revolution reaches Brussels and makes the Austrian authorities flee.
- 1790 – December: The Austrians take the city back and pledge to reverse the reforms of Joseph II.
- 1795 – French rule begins; city becomes part of the department of the Dyle.
- 1796
- La Cambre Abbey and Forest Abbey abolished.
- Church of St. Gaugericus demolished.
19th century
- 1803 – Museum of Brussels opens.[15]
- 1815
- Duchess of Richmond's ball.
- City becomes joint capital of United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
- 1819 – New opera theatre inaugurated.
- 1822 – Société Générale de Belgique headquartered in city.[16]
- 1826 – Botanical Garden of Brussels founded.
Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Gustaf Wappers, 1834
- 1830
- Belgian Revolution.[17]
- City becomes capital of Kingdom of Belgium.[13]
- Population: 98,279 city; 120,981 metro.[18]
- 1832 – Royal Conservatory of Brussels founded.
- 1834 – Free University of Brussels founded
- 1835 – Groendreef/Allée Verte railway station, Belgium's first, is inaugurated.
- 1846
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences founded.
- Population: 123,874.[19]
- 1847
- Avenue Louise/Louizalaan commissioned.
- Royal Saint-Hubert Galleries open.
- 1848 – International Peace Congress held.
- 1850 – Population: 142,289 city; 222,424 metro.[18]
View into Brussels from Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, c. 1855
- 1855 – Brussels-Luxembourg railway station built.
- 1856 – Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie opens.
- 1859 – Congress Column erected.
- 1860 – Population: 185,982 city; 300,341 metro.[18]
- 1861 – Bois de la Cambre/Ter Kamerenbos laid out.
- 1869 – Trams begin operating.
- 1871
- Covering of the Senne.
- Central Boulevards of Brussels built.
- Banque de Bruxelles established.[16]
- 1873 – New building for the Brussels Stock Exchange completed.
- 1877 – Ixelles Cemetery created.
- 1880
- Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark created.
- White slave trade affair scandal is exposed and attracts international attention.
- 1881 – L'Echo newspaper begins publication.[20]
- 1883 – Palace of Justice inaugurated.
- 1885
- Saint Mary's Royal Church built.
- Population: 171,751.[19]
- 1887
- Le Soir newspaper begins publication.[20]
- Palace for Fine Arts built.
- 1888 – Het Laatste Nieuws newspaper begins publication.[20]
- 1889 – November: Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 begins.
- 1890 – Abattoirs of Anderlecht enter service as a central abattoir for the whole city.
- 1891 – August: International Socialist Labor Congress held in city.
- 1893
- Paris–Brussels cycle race begins.[21]
- Hôtel Tassel built.
- Hankar House built.
- 1894 – Société Belge d'Études Coloniales headquartered in city.
- 1895
- Royal Greenhouses of Laeken built.
- Hotel Métropole in business at the Place de Brouckère/De Brouckèreplein.
- 1896 – King's House rebuilt.
- 1897
- Brussels International world's fair held.
- Avenue de Tervueren/Tervurenlaan laid out.
- 1899 – Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis built.
- 1900
20th century
- 1901 – Maison & Atelier Horta built.
- 1905
- Cauchie House built.
- Cinquantenaire's memorial arch finished.
- 1908 – Chapel of the Resurrection built.
- 1910 – Brussels International world's fair held.
The 1911 Solvay Conference in Brussels was the first world physics conference.
- 1911
- Solvay Conference held in city.
- Stoclet Palace built.
- 1914 – World War I: City captured and occupied by the German Army.
- 1917 – Constant Vanden Stock Stadium opens.
- 1919
- Lignes Farman airline begins operating its Paris–Brussels route.[23]
- Population: 685,268 metro.[24]
- 1920 – Oscar Bossaert Stadium opens.
- 1921 – Haren, Laeken, and Neder-Over-Heembeek, merged into the City of Brussels.
- 1922 – Société du Palais des Beaux-Arts and Jardin botanique Jean Massart (garden)[25] established.
- 1923 – Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History opens.
- 1927 – Solvay Conference held.
- 1930 – Jubilee Stadium opens.
- 1931 – Brussels Symphony Orchestra founded.
- 1934 – Villa Empain built.
- 1935
- Brussels International world's fair held; Palais des Expositions built.
- Basilica of the Sacred Heart consecrated.
- City co-hosts the 1935 European Wrestling Championships.
- 1937 – Queen Elisabeth Competition begins.
- 1939 – Constantin Meunier Museum opens.
- 1940
- World War II: German occupation begins.
- German Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France headquartered in city.
- July: Frontstalag 110 prisoner-of-war camp established by the Germans.[26]
- 1941 – Frontstalag 110 POW camp dissolved.[26]
Scenes of jubilation as British troops liberate Brussels, 4 September 1944
- 1944
- 3–4 September: Liberation of Brussels by the Welsh Guards; Palace of Justice burnt by Germans to destroy legal records during their retreat.
- 8 September: Belgian government in exile returns to city after four years in London.
- District of Brussels, formed by Nazi Germany, no longer in control of the territory.
- 1948
- Treaty of Brussels signed.
- Brussels Airport opens.
- 1949 – NATO headquarters established.
- 1950 – City hosts the 1950 European Athletics Championships.
- 1952 – North–South connection completed; Brussels Central Station and Brussels-South railway station open.
- 1953 – City hosts the 1953 World Fencing Championships.
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- 1958
- Expo 58 world's fair held; Atomium built.
- City becomes one of the seats of the European Community.
- 1960 – City hosts Congolese Round Table Conference.
- 1967 – L'Innovation department store fire.
- 1969 – Free University of Brussels splits along linguistic lines into Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB).
- 1971
- Brussels Agglomeration created.[27]
- Flower carpet on Grand-Place begins.
- 1972 – City hosts the 1972 European Karate Championships.
- 1974 – Brussels Independent Film Festival begins.
- 1975
- Bank Brussels Lambert headquartered in city.
- Université catholique de Louvain's Jardin des plantes médicinales Paul Moens established.
- 1976 – Brussels Metro begins operating.
- 1978
- Brussels Ring constructed.
- RTBF Symphony Orchestra formed.[28]
- 1979
- May: City hosts the 1979 European Judo Championships.
- Archives of the City of Brussels moves into the former Anciens magasins Waucquez.[29]
- 1980
- Flemish Community and French Community of Belgium each designate Brussels as capital city.
- Population of Brussels-Capital Region: 1,008,715.[30]
- 1985
- Pope John Paul II visits city.[31]
- 29 May: Heysel Stadium disaster.[31]
- 1988 – Kinepolis Brussels opens.
- 1989
- Brussels-Capital Region formed; Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region[32] and Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region established.
- Belgian Comic Strip Center opens.
- Mini-Europe opens.
- 1990 – Population of Brussels-Capital Region: 964,385.[30]
- 1993 – Espace Léopold opens.
- 1994
- City of Brussels designated capital of Belgium and seat of Federal Government.[33]
- Freddy Thielemans becomes mayor.[34]
- 1995
- Erasmus Brussels University of Applied Sciences and Arts is established after a merger of some ten colleges in and around Brussels.
- 1996 – Belgacom Towers built.
- 1998 – Ancienne Belgique renovated.
- 1999 – Wedding of Prince Philippe and Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz.
- 2000
- City named European Capital of Culture alongside eight other European cities.[35]
- Zinneke Parade begins.
- Musical Instrument Museum (MIM) relocates.
21st century
- 2004 – North Galaxy Towers built.
- 2006 – Atomium renovated.[36]
- 2007 – Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel established.[37]
- 2009 – Magritte Museum opens.
- 2010 – Population of Brussels-Capital Region: 1,089,538.[30]
- 2013
- Brussels Agreement signed.
- Yvan Mayeur becomes mayor.
- Rudi Vervoort becomes Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region.
- Fin-de-Siècle Museum opens.
- 2014 – Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting.
- 2016 – Brussels bombings occur, killing 34 and injuring 230.
- 2017
- 20 June: June 2017 Brussels attack.
- 25 August: August 2017 Brussels attack.
See also
- History of Brussels
- List of mayors of the City of Brussels (largest municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region)
- List of municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region
- Timeline of Belgian history
- Timelines of other municipalities in Belgium: Antwerp, Bruges, Ghent, Leuven, Liège
References
Notes
- "Microsoft Word - resume_poster_Prignon.doc". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
- "De Frankische tijd". www.delbeccha.be. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
- "Archeologische site in Laarbeekbos krijgt infoborden". www.bruzz.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-07-14.
- State, Paul F. (2004). Historical Dictionary of Brussels. Scarecrow Press. p. 269.
- "CatholicSaints.Info » Blog Archive » Weninger's Lives of the Saints – Saint Guido, Confessor". Retrieved 2022-07-14.
- De Sancto Verono Lembecae et Montibus Hannoniae.
- "De keure van 1229", Brussel: Waar is de Tijd, 6 (1999), pp. 133-135.
- Charles Harrison Townsend (1916), Beautiful buildings in France & Belgium, New York: Hubbell, OL 7213871M
- Grant Allen (1904), Belgium: its cities, Boston: Page, OL 24136954M
- "Histoire". www.meyboom.be. Retrieved 2021-06-20.
- "L'Ommegang". patrimoine.brussels (in French). Direction du Patrimoine culturel.
- Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Belgium: Bruxelles". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
- BBC News. "Belgium Profile: Timeline". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- James E. McClellan (1985). "Official Scientific Societies: 1600-1793". Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
- Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. "Museum History". Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
- "Belgium". International Banking Directory. New York: Bankers Publishing Company. 1922. hdl:2027/hvd.hb1sji.
- "Belgium". Political Chronology of Europe. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-135-35687-3.
- "Belgium". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
- Chambers 1901.
- "Belgium". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1.
- Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Cycling. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7175-5.
- Catholic Encyclopedia 1908.
- Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- "Belgium". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- "Garden Search: Belgium". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- "German Frontstalag Camps". Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe. Council of Europe Press. 1993. ISBN 978-92-871-2394-7. Archived from the original on 2016-05-08. Retrieved 2015-10-18.
- Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- "Archives of the City of Brussels". Brusselsmuseums.be. Conseil bruxellois des Musées. Archived from the original on 2015-05-24. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- Brussels Institute for Statistics and Analysis. "Population Totale". Structure de la population. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
- "History of Brussels: Chronology". City of Brussels. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- Centre d'Informatique pour la Region Bruxelloise. "About the Region". Brussels-Capital Region Portal. Archived from the original on 2012-11-23. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
- "Article 194" (PDF). The Belgian Constitution. Belgian House of Representatives. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
- "Belgian mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-04-27. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
- "Association of European Cities of Culture of the Year 2000". Krakow the Open City. 17 August 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- "Restauration de l'Atomium". Beliris (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- Walter Rüegg [in German], ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
In English
- Published in the 19th century
- New Picture of Brussels, and its Environs, or, Stranger's Guide to the Curiosities of that Interesting City, London: Samuel Leigh, 1820, OCLC 63579821
- "Brussels". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Brussels". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- "Brussels", Cabinet Cyclopædia, vol. Cities and Principal Towns of the World, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, 1830, OCLC 2665202
- "Brussels", A hand-book for travellers on the continent (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, 1838, OCLC 2030550
- Frederick Knight Hunt (1845), "Brussels", The Rhine: its scenery & historical & legendary associations, London: Jeremiah How
- "Brussels". Coghlan's Illustrated Guide to the Rhine (18th ed.). London: Trubner & Co. 1863.
- Stranger's Guide to Brussels and its environs (6th ed.), Kiessling & Co., 1876
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1885), "Brussels to Antwerp", Harper's hand-book for travellers in Europe and the east, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Published in the 20th century
- "Brussels". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/njp.32101065312876 – via Hathi Trust.
- Ernest Gilliat-Smith (1906), The story of Brussels, London: Dent, OL 24358871M
- Ernest Gilliat-Smith (1908). "Brussels". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
- "Brussels", Belgium and Holland, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 397759
- "Brussels". Belgium. Grieben's Guide Books. Vol. 141. London: Williams & Norgate. 1910. hdl:2027/uiuc.3096224_001.
- Published in the 21st century
- Anton Kreukels; et al., eds. (2005). "Brussels". Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
- Xhardez, Catherine (2016). Translated by Jane Corrigan. "The integration of new immigrants in Brussels: an institutional and political puzzle". Brussels Studies. doi:10.4000/brussels.1434. - translation of "L’intégration des nouveaux arrivants à Bruxelles : un puzzle institutionnel et politique"
In other languages
- "Brussel". Topographia Circuli Burgundici. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. 1654. p. 44+.
- Almanach royal de la cour, des provinces méridionales et de la ville de Bruxelles (in French). Bruxelles: A. Stapleaux. 1817.
- Marie-Nicolas Bouillet [in French]; L.G. Gourraigne (1914). "Bruxelles". Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de geographie (in French) (34th ed.). Paris: Hachette.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Brussels.
- Europeana. Items related to Brussels, various dates.
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