Tipuloidea

Tipuloidea is a superfamily of flies containing the living families Cylindrotomidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae, and the extinct family Architipulidae.[1][2] A common name for it is crane flies,[1] which is also applied specifically to family Tipulidae.

Tipuloidea
Temporal range:
Tipula paludosa
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Infraorder: Tipulomorpha
Superfamily: Tipuloidea
Families

See text

At least 15,300 species of crane flies have been described, most of them (75%) by the specialist Charles Paul Alexander.

Description

Adult crane flies are typically slender-bodied and have long legs.[1][2] Like other insects, their wings are marked with wing interference patterns which vary among species, thus are useful for species identification.[3] They occur in moist, temperate environments such as vegetation near lakes and streams.[2] They generally do not feed, but some species consume nectar, pollen and/or water.[4]

Larvae occur in various habitats including marshes, springs, decaying wood, moist soil, leaf litter, fungi, vertebrate nests and vegetation. They usually feed on decaying plant matter and microbes associated with this, but some species instead feed on living plants, fungi or other invertebrates.[1]

References
  1. Petersen, M.J.; Bertone, M.A.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Courtney, G.W. 2010: Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher-level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera). Systematic entomology, 35: 526-545. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00524.x
  2. Zhang, Xiao; Kang, Zehui; Mao, Meng; Li, Xuankun; Cameron, Stephen L.; de Jong, Herman; Wang, Mengqing; Yang, Ding (2016). "Comparative Mt Genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0158167. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158167. PMC 4920351. PMID 27341029.
  3. Conrow, Robert T.; Gelhaus, Jon K. (2022-05-01). "Wing interference patterns are consistent and sexually dimorphic in the four families of crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea)". ZooKeys. 1080: 135–163. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1080.69060. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 8755705. PMID 35068968.
  4. Rodrigues, Lucas; Ortega, Ileana; Vieira, Rony; Carrasco, Daiane; Proietti, Maíra (2019). "Crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) from southern Neotropical salt marshes: survey with DNA barcoding". Iheringia. Série Zoologia. 109: e2019013. doi:10.1590/1678-4766e2019013. ISSN 1678-4766.
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