United States presidential elections in Wisconsin

Presidential elections in Wisconsin
Number of elections	44
Voted Democratic	19
Voted Republican	25
Voted other	1[lower-alpha 1]
Voted for winning candidate	34
Voted for losing candidate	10

Since Wisconsin's admission to the Union in May 1848,[1] it has participated in 44 U.S. presidential elections. In the 1924 presidential election, Robert M. La Follette became the only third-party presidential candidate to win in Wisconsin, with 53.96% of the popular vote. Since the 1988 presidential election, Wisconsin has leaned towards the Democratic Party in presidential elections, however, in 2016 the Republican Party's candidate Donald Trump won the state by a margin of 0.77%.

In the 2020 presidential election Joe Biden, the Democratic Party's candidate, won Wisconsin defeating the incumbent president Donald Trump by a close margin of 0.62%. During the 2021 joint session of the Congress for ascertaining the electoral votes 36 members objected to the certification of the electoral votes of Wisconsin based on unsupported claims of election fraud. The objection failed because it was not sponsored by a senator.[2]

Presidential Elections

Key for parties

American Independent Party – (AI)

American Party (1969) – (A)

Constitution Party – (C)

Constitutional Union Party – (CU)

Democratic Party – (D)

Free Soil Party – (FS)

Green Party – (G)

Greenback Party – (GB)

Independent candidate – (I)

Know Nothing Party – (KN)

Libertarian Party – (LI)

Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)

Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)

Progressive Party (1948) – (PR-1948)

Prohibition Party – (PRO)

Reform Party – (RE)

Republican Party – (R)

Socialist Party of America – (S)

Southern Democratic Party – (SD)

Straight-Out Democratic Party – (SOD)

Whig Party – (W)

Union Party – (U)

Note – A double dagger (

) indicates the national winner.

1848 to 1856

Presidential elections in Wisconsin from 1848 to 1856
Year	Winner				Runner-up				Other candidate[lower-alpha 2]				EV	Ref.
Year	Candidate		Votes	%	Candidate		Votes	%	Candidate		Votes	%	EV	Ref.
1848		Lewis Cass (D)	15,001	38.30%		Zachary Taylor (W)	13,747	35.10%		Martin Van Buren (FS)	10,418	26.60%	4	[3][4][5]
1852		Franklin Pierce (D)	33,658	51.99%		Winfield Scott (W)	22,240	34.35%		John P. Hale (FS)	8,842	13.66%	5	[6][4][7]
1856		John C. Frémont (R)	67,090	55.67%		James Buchanan (D)	52,843	43.85%		Millard Fillmore (KN)	580	0.48%	5	[4][8]

Election of 1860

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country. The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.

1860 presidential election in Wisconsin
Year	Winner			Runner-up			Other candidate			Other candidate			EV	Ref.
Year	Candidate		Votes (%)	Candidate		Votes (%)	Candidate		Votes (%)	Candidate		Votes (%)	EV	Ref.
1860		Abraham Lincoln (R)	86,110 (56.58%)		Stephen A. Douglas (D)	65,021 (42.73%)		John C. Breckinridge (SD)	887 (0.58%)		John Bell (CU)	161 (0.11%)	5	[9][10]

1864 to present

Presidential elections in Wisconsin from 1864 to present
Year	Winner				Runner-up				Other candidate[lower-alpha 2]				EV	Ref.
Year	Candidate		Votes	%	Candidate		Votes	%	Candidate		Votes	%	EV	Ref.
1864		Abraham Lincoln (R)	83,458	55.88%		George B. McClellan (D)	65,884	44.12%	–		–	–	8	[11][12]
1868		Ulysses S. Grant (R)	108,920	56.25%		Horatio Seymour (D)	84,708	43.75%	–		–	–	8	[13][14]
1872		Ulysses S. Grant (R)	105,012	54.62%		Horace Greeley (D)	86,390	44.94%		Charles O'Conor (SOD)	853	0.44%	10	[15][16]
1876		Rutherford B. Hayes (R)	130,668	50.69%		Samuel Tilden (D)	123,927	48.07%		Peter Cooper (GB)	1,509	0.59%	10	[17]
1880		James A. Garfield (R)	144,406	54.04%		Winfield S. Hancock (D)	114,650	42.91%		James B. Weaver (GB)	7,986	2.99%	10	[18][19]
1884		James G. Blaine (R)	161,155	50.39%		Grover Cleveland (D)	146,447	45.79%		John P. St. John (PRO)	7,651	2.39%	11	[20][21]
1888		Benjamin Harrison (R)	176,553	49.79%		Grover Cleveland (D)	155,232	43.77%		Clinton B. Fisk (PRO)	14,277	4.03%	11	[22][23]
1892		Grover Cleveland (D)	177,325	47.73%		Benjamin Harrison (R)	171,101	46.06%		John Bidwell (PRO)	13,136	3.54%	12	[24][25]
1896		William McKinley (R)	268,135	59.93%		William Jennings Bryan (D)	165,523	37.00%		Joshua Levering (PRO)	7,507	1.68%	12	[26][27]
1900		William McKinley (R)	265,760	60.06%		William Jennings Bryan (D)	159,163	35.97%		John G. Woolley (PRO)	10,027	2.27%	12	[28][29]
1904		Theodore Roosevelt (R)	280,314	63.21%		Alton B. Parker (D)	124,205	28.01%		Eugene V. Debs (S)	28,240	6.37%	13	[30][31]
1908		William Howard Taft (R)	247,744	54.52%		William Jennings Bryan (D)	166,662	36.67%		Eugene V. Debs (S)	28,147	6.19%	13	[32][33]
1912		Woodrow Wilson (D)	164,230	41.06%		William Howard Taft (R)	130,596	32.65%		Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912)	62,448	15.61%	13	[34][35]
1916		Charles E. Hughes (R)	220,822	49.39%		Woodrow Wilson (D)	191,363	42.80%		Allan L. Benson (S)	27,631	6.18%	13	[36][37]
1920		Warren G. Harding (R)	498,576	71.10%		James M. Cox (D)	113,422	16.17%		Eugene V. Debs (S)	80,635	11.50%	13	[38][39]
1924		Robert LaFollette (PR-1924)	453,678	53.96%		Calvin Coolidge (R)	311,614	37.06%		John W. Davis (D)	68,115	8.10%	13	[40][41]
1928		Herbert Hoover (R)	544,205	53.52%		Alfred E. Smith (D)	450,259	44.28%		Norman M. Thomas (S)	18,213	1.79%	13	[42][43]
1932		Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)	707,410	63.46%		Herbert Hoover (R)	347,741	31.19%		Norman M. Thomas (S)	53,379	4.79%	12	[44][45]
1936		Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)	802,984	63.80%		Herbert Hoover (R)	380,828	30.26%		William Lemke (Union)	60,297	4.79%	12	[46][47]
1940		Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)	704,821	50.15%		Wendell L. Willkie (R)	679,206	48.32%		Norman M. Thomas (S)	15,071	1.07%	12	[48][49]
1944		Thomas E. Dewey (R)	674,532	50.37%		Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)	650,413	48.57%		Norman M. Thomas (S)	13,205	0.99%	12	[50][51]
1948		Harry S. Truman (D)	647,310	50.70%		Thomas E. Dewey (R)	590,959	46.28%		Henry A. Wallace (PR-1948)	25,282	1.98%	12	[52][53]
1952		Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)	979,744	60.95%		Adlai Stevenson (D)	622,175	38.71%		Vincent Hallinan (PR-1948)	2,174	0.14%	12	[54][55]
1956		Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)	954,844	61.58%		Adlai Stevenson (D)	586,768	37.84%		T. Coleman Andrews (C)	6,918	0.45%	12	[56][57]
1960		Richard M. Nixon (R)	895,175	51.77%		John F. Kennedy (D)	830,805	48.05%		Farrell Dobbs (SWP)	1,792	0.10%	12	[58][59]
1964		Lyndon B. Johnson (D)	1,050,424	62.09%		Barry Goldwater (D)	638,495	37.74%		Clifton DeBerry (SWP)	1,692	0.10%	12	[60][61]
1968		Richard M. Nixon (R)	809,997	47.89%		Hubert Humphrey (D)	748,804	44.27%		George Wallace (AI)	127,835	7.56%	12	[62][63]
1972		Richard M. Nixon (R)	989,430	53.40%		Sargent Shriver (D)	810,174	43.72%		John G. Schmitz (A)	47,525	2.56%	11	[64][65]
1976		Jimmy Carter (D)	1,040,232	49.44%		Gerald R. Ford (R)	1,004,987	47.76%		Eugene J. McCarthy (I)	34,943	1.66%	11	[66][67]
1980		Ronald Reagan (R)	1,088,845	47.90%		Jimmy Carter (D)	981,584	43.18%		John B. Anderson (I)	160,657	7.07%	11	[68][69]
1984		Ronald Reagan (R)	1,198,584	54.19%		Walter Mondale (D)	995,740	45.02%		David Bergland (LI)	4,883	0.22%	11	[70][71]
1988		Michael Dukakis (D)	1,126,794	51.41%		George H. W. Bush (R)	1,047,499	47.80%		Ron Paul (LI)	5,157	0.24%	11	[72][73]
1992		Bill Clinton (D)	1,041,066	41.13%		George H. W. Bush (R)	930,855	36.78%		Ross Perot (I)	544,479	21.51%	11	[74][75]
1996		Bill Clinton (D)	1,071,971	48.81%		Bob Dole (R)	845,029	38.48%		Ross Perot (RE)	227,339	10.35%	11	[76][77]
2000		Al Gore (D)	1,242,987	47.83%		George W. Bush (R)	1,237,279	47.61%		Ralph Nader (G)	94,070	3.62%	11	[78][79]
2004		John Kerry (D)	1,489,504	49.70%		George W. Bush (R)	1,478,120	49.32%		Ralph Nader (RE)	16,390	0.55%	10	[80][81]
2008		Barack Obama (D)	1,677,211	56.22%		John McCain (R)	1,262,393	42.31%		Ralph Nader (I)	17,605	0.59%	10	[82][83]
2012		Barack Obama (D)	1,620,985	52.83%		Mitt Romney (R)	1,407,966	45.89%		Gary Johnson (I)	20,439	0.67%	10	[84]
2016		Donald Trump (R)	1,405,284	47.22%		Hillary Clinton (D)	1,382,536	46.45%		Gary Johnson (LI)	106,674	3.58%	10	[85]
2020		Joe Biden (D)	1,630,866	49.45%		Donald Trump (R)	1,610,184	48.82%		Jo Jorgensen (LI)	38,491	1.17%	10	[86]

Graph

Note

Robert La Follette Sr., 1924
For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Wisconsin

References

"Today in History - May 29". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
Vetterkind, Riley (January 8, 2021). "Scott Fitzgerald, Tom Tiffany sole Republicans from Wisconsin to object to Joe Biden certification". madison.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.
Wisconsin Blue Book 1997, p. 677.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 94.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 766.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 95.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767, 803.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
Wisconsin Blue Book (1997, p. 677) cited in Guide to U.S. Elections (2010, pp. 768, 804)
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 769.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 777.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 778.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 107.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 779.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 108.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 780.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 109.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 781.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 110.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 782.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 111.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 783.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 112.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 784.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 113.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 785.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 114.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 786.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 115.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 787.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 116.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 788.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 117.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, pp. 789, 808.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 793.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 122.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 794.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 123.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, pp. 795, 810–811.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 124.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, pp. 796, 811–812.
Federal Elections 1988 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 1988. p. 14. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 797.
Federal Elections 1992 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 1992. pp. 10, 32. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 798.
Federal Elections 1996 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 1996. pp. 12, 28. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 799.
Federal Elections 2000 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2000. pp. 12, 30. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 800.
Federal Elections 2004 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2004. pp. 6, 39. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 801.
Federal Elections 2008 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2008. pp. 6, 39. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
Federal Elections 2012 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2012. pp. 6, 40. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
Federal Elections 2016 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2016. pp. 6, 44. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
"Official 2020 Presidential General Election Result" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. pp. 2–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.

Works cited

Guide to U.S. Elections. SAGE Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
1997–1998 Wisconsin Blue Book. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. 1997.
Presidential elections, 1789–1996. Congressional Quarterly. 1997. ISBN 9781568020655. LCCN 97019084. OL 673017M.

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[1] Robert La Follette Sr., 1924

[other-4] For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Wisconsin

[2] "Today in History - May 29". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[3] Vetterkind, Riley (January 8, 2021). "Scott Fitzgerald, Tom Tiffany sole Republicans from Wisconsin to object to Joe Biden certification". madison.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010761-5] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.

[FOOTNOTE''Wisconsin_Blue_Book''1997677-6] Wisconsin Blue Book 1997, p. 677.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''90-7] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010762-8] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''91-9] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''92-10] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010764-11] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''93-12] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010765-13] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''94-14] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 94.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010766-15] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 766.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''95-16] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 95.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010767,_803-17] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767, 803.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''96-18] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.

[19] Wisconsin Blue Book (1997, p. 677) cited in Guide to U.S. Elections (2010, pp. 768, 804)

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010769-20] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 769.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''98-21] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010770-22] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''99-23] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010771-24] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''100-25] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010772-26] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''101-27] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010773-28] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''102-29] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010774-30] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''103-31] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010775-32] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''104-33] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010776-34] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''105-35] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010777-36] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 777.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''106-37] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010778-38] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 778.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''107-39] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 107.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010779-40] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 779.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''108-41] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 108.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010780-42] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 780.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''109-43] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 109.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010781-44] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 781.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''110-45] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 110.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010782-46] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 782.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''111-47] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 111.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010783-48] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 783.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''112-49] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 112.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010784-50] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 784.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''113-51] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 113.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010785-52] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 785.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''114-53] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 114.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010786-54] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 786.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''115-55] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010787-56] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 787.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''116-57] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 116.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010788-58] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 788.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''117-59] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 117.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010789,_808-60] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, pp. 789, 808.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''118-61] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010790-62] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''119-63] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010791-64] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''120-65] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010792-66] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''121-67] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010793-68] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 793.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''122-69] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 122.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010794-70] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 794.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''123-71] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 123.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010795,_810–811-72] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, pp. 795, 810–811.

[FOOTNOTE''Presidential_elections,_1789–1996''124-73] Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 124.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010796,_811–812-74] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, pp. 796, 811–812.

[75] Federal Elections 1988 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 1988. p. 14. Retrieved April 1, 2023.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010797-76] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 797.

[77] Federal Elections 1992 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 1992. pp. 10, 32. Retrieved April 1, 2023.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010798-78] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 798.

[79] Federal Elections 1996 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 1996. pp. 12, 28. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010799-80] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 799.

[81] Federal Elections 2000 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2000. pp. 12, 30. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010800-82] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 800.

[83] Federal Elections 2004 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2004. pp. 6, 39. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010801-84] Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 801.

[85] Federal Elections 2008 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2008. pp. 6, 39. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[86] Federal Elections 2012 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2012. pp. 6, 40. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[87] Federal Elections 2016 (PDF) (Report). Federal Election Commission. 2016. pp. 6, 44. Retrieved March 31, 2023.

[88] "Official 2020 Presidential General Election Result" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. pp. 2–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.

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