Wright R-4090 Cyclone 22

The R-4090 Cyclone 22 was an experimental radial piston engine designed and built in prototype form in the United States during the 1940s.

R-4090 Cyclone 22
Type 22 cylinder air-cooled two-row radial piston engine
National origin United States of America
Manufacturer Wright Aeronautical Corporation
Number built ~3
Developed from Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone

Design and development

During the 1940s, Wright Aeronautical Corporation was constantly in competition with Pratt & Whitney for new engine designs required for civil and military aircraft. Utilising the Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone as a basis, Wright developed a 22-cylinder engine, using R-3350 cylinders arranged as a two-row radial engine with 11 cylinders per row instead of 9.[1]

The air-cooled R-4090 was rated to deliver 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) at 2,800 rpm for take-off, from a total displacement of 4,092 cu in (67.06 L), with a compression ratio of 6.85:1. Improved performance was expected from the R-4090 if there had been further development. A two-speed single-stage supercharger helped maintain rated power to higher altitudes.[1]

The core of the engine was a forged steel crankcase which enclosed the three piece two-throw crankshaft. The cylinders were arranged equally around the crankcase, with each row off-set by 16.3636.° to ensure cooling airflow. Accessories similar to other Cyclone engines were arranged around the rear face of the crankcase and a 0.333:1 planetary reduction gearbox at the front.[1]

Although there are no records of failings of the R-4090, the engine was abandoned to allow development of the R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone series.[1]

Variants
XR-4090-1
(790C22AA1), drove a single propeller.[1]
R-4090-3
(792C22AA), drove a contra-rotating propeller shaft and was intended to have a two-speed reduction gearbox to maximise efficiency in cruising flight.[1]

Specifications (XR-4090-1)

Data from enginehistory.org,[2] Old Machine Press[1]

General characteristics
  • Type: Air-cooled 22 cylinder two-row radial piston engine
  • Bore: 6.125 in (155.6 mm)
  • Stroke: 6.3125 in (160.3 mm)
  • Displacement: 4,092 cu in (67.06 L)
  • Length: 91 in (2,300 mm)
  • Diameter: 58 in (1,500 mm)
  • Dry weight: 3,230 lb (1,470 kg)

Components
  • Valvetrain: One inlet and one Sodium-cooled exhaust over-head valves per cylinder, driven by pushrods and rocker arms.
  • Supercharger: 14 in (360 mm) diameter impeller, single-stage two-speed supercharger; gear ratios: of 5 to 1 and 7 to 1.
  • Fuel type: Gasoline
  • Reduction gear: 0.333:1 planetary reduction gearbox

Performance
  • Power output: 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) at 2,800 rpm for take-off
  • Compression ratio: 6.85:1

See also

Related development

References
  1. Pearce, William (22 March 2013). "Wright Aeronautical R-4090 Cyclone 22". oldmachinepress.wordpress.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  2. "Curtiss-Wright XR-4090 A 22-Cylinder Radial". enginehistory.org. Retrieved 24 September 2015.

Bibliography
  • Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.ISBN 0-7509-4479-X
  • White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995. ISBN 1-56091-655-9
  • White, Graham (14 February 2006). R-4360: Pratt & Whitney's Major Miracle. Specialty Press. ISBN 1580071732.
  • USAF US Navy: Engine model designation system (revised 1 January 1950 ed.). Air Material Command. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  • The Wright Cyclones. Wright Aeronautical Corporation. 1942.
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