Yun Ung-nyeol

General Yun Ung-nyeol or Yun Woong Niel, also known as Yun Ung-ryeol[1] (윤웅렬, 1840-1911), was a Joseon Dynasty and Korean Empire soldier and Gaehwa Party politician.

In this Korean name, the family name is Yun.
Yun Ung-nyeol
Yun Ung-nyeol (left) and a friend attired in traditional Korean clothing. The two are engaged in a game of "Go-ban" (oriental chess) in one of the rooms of Yun's home in Seoul c. 1903.
Korean name
Hangul
윤웅렬
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYun Ung-nyeol
McCune–ReischauerYun Ungnyŏl
Pen name
Hangul
반계
Hanja
Revised RomanizationBangye
McCune–ReischauerPangye
Courtesy name
Hangul
영중
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYeongjoong
McCune–ReischauerYongjung
General Yun Ung-nyeol is seated, wearing the western uniform of the Korean Empire. This photograph shows the general with his family c. 1910. Standing next to the old general is his son, Yun Chi-ho.

Yun Ung-nyeol was a pro-Japanese scholar-bureaucrat of the Joseon Dynasty and Korean Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A penname of his was Bangye (반계/磻溪).

Biography
Yun Ung-nyeol (1880s)

Yun Ung-nyeol was a member of one of the prominent yangban families of Korea. His family was considered wealthy,[2] which his father had paved the way to prominence by himself. From his early age, Yun and his younger brother were famous for their great physical abilities.[3]

At the age of 17, Yun went to Seoul by himself and took the Gwageo Military Examination, and passed the exam, making him an official.[3]

From 1881, Yun was in charge of the new army of Joseon Dynasty, also known as the Pyŏlgigun. As a member of the Gaehwa Party, Yun participated in the Gapsin Coup. After the short-lived new government was formed, Yun was appointed as Minister of Justice, and Vice mayor of Seoul.[4]

In 1904, Yun Ung-nyeol was the Korea's Minister of War.[5] On 30 September 1904, Yun was appointed as the Chief of Staff of Korean Empire[6] but he resigned on 30 January 1905 making him the last incumbent.[7] He died in 1911, aged 71.

In modern Korean historiography, General Yun has been designated one of the Chinilpa or pro-Japanese activists of the 1900s (decade).[8]

See also

Notes
  1. Emory University, Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (MARBL): Yun Ch'i-ho papers, 1883-1943
  2. "100 Koreans Freed; But Baron Yun Chi-ho and Other Prominent Men Are Found Guilty," New York Times. March 21, 1913.
  3. "최혁 주필의 전라도 역사이야기". 남도일보 (in Korean). 2017-07-23. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
  4. "윤웅렬(尹雄烈)". encykorea.aks.ac.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  5. Speer, Robert E. (1905). "Korea, Japan and Russia," p. 60.
  6. 조선-대한제국 관보. "9月30日".
  7. 조선·대한제국 관보. "參謀部副長尹雄烈辭職疏".
  8. (in Korean) 2006년도 조사보고서 II - 친일반민족행위결정이유서, p. 257~262 친일반민족행위진상규명위원회, 11-1560010-0000002-10, 2006; n.b., investigative report II - pro-Japanese anti-national act decisive reasons, p. 257~262 pro-Japanese anti-national act truth close examination committees.
Yun Ung-nyeol in Changdeok Palace with children

References
  • Kranewitter, Rudolf. (2005). Dynamik der Religion Schamanismus, Konfuzianismus, Buddhismus und Christentum in der Geschichte Koreas von der steinzeitlichen Besiedlung des Landes bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Münster: LIT Verlag. ISBN 978-3-825-88628-8; OCLC 181472594
  • Leibo, Steven A. (2006). East and Southeast Asia. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. OCLC 61691567
  • Speer, Robert E. (1905). "Korea, Japan and Russia," in The Ideal Home Educator: a Superb Library of Useful Knowledge. Chicago: Bible House. OCLC 17303311
  • Wells, Kenneth M. (1991). New God, New nation: Protestants and Self-Reconstruction Nationalism in Korea, 1896-1937. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824813383; OCLC 216760168
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