January 8
January 8 is the eight day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 357 days remaining until the end of the year (358 in leap years).
Events
Up to 1900
- 307 - Jin Huidi, Chinese Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, is poisoned, and succeeded by his son, Jin Huaidi.
- 871 – Battle of Ashdown – Ethelred of Wessex defeats Danish invasion army.
- 1198 – Innocent III becomes Pope.
- 1297 - François Grimaldi, disguised as a monk, leads his men to capture the Rock of Monaco; from then on, his family rules the Principality of Monaco.
- 1499 - King Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany.
- 1697 - Thomas Aikenhead of Edinburgh becomes the last person in Scotland, and in the present-day United Kingdom, to be executed for blasphemy.
- 1734 – Premiere of George Frideric Handel's Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.
- 1746 – Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling.
- 1781 - An earthquake hits Tabriz, Persia, killing over 50,000 people.
- 1790 - In New York City, George Washington makes the US' first State of the Union Address.
- 1806 – Cape Colony becomes a British colony.
- 1815 – War of 1812: In the Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson leads American forces in victory over the British.
- 1835 - US national debt is at zero, for the only time in US history.
- 1838 – Alfred Vail demonstrates a telegraph using dots and dashes (this is the forerunner of Morse code).
- 1856 – Borax is discovered (John Veatch).
- 1863 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Springfield.
- 1867 – African American men granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia.
- 1877 – In Montana, Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry.
- 1889 – Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine.
- 1893 - Captain Thomas Robertson discovers Dundee Island in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica.
- 1894 – A fire at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago causes a good deal of damage.
- 1900 – United States President William McKinley places Alaska under military rule.
1901 – 1950
- 1906 – A landslide in Haverstraw, New York kills 20 due to the excavation of clay along the Hudson River.
- 1908 – A train collision occurs in the Park Avenue Tunnel in New York City killing 17, injuring 38 and leading to increased demand for electric trains.
- 1912 - The African National Congress is founded.
- 1916 – World War I: Allied forces withdraw from Gallipoli.
- 1918 – President Woodrow Wilson announces his "Fourteen Points" for the aftermath of World War I.
- 1926 – Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud becomes the King of Hejaz and renames it Saudi Arabia.
- 1935 – A.C. Hardy patents the spectrophotometer.
- 1942 - World War II: To stop Japanese advances in the Pacific Ocean, the Allies create the commando ABDACOM.
1951 – 2000
- 1953 – René Mayer becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1958 – 14 year old Bobby Fischer wins the United States Chess Championship.
- 1959 – Michel Debré becomes Prime Minister of France, while Charles de Gaulle becomes the first President of France's Fifth Republic.
- 1961 - In a referendum, a majority of French voters supports Charles de Gaulle's policies on Algeria, which would lead towards the country's independence from France.
- 1963 – Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is exhibited in the United States for the first time (National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC).
- 1964 – President Lyndon B. Johnson declares a "War on Poverty" in the United States.
- 1971 - Bowing to international pressure, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto releases Bengali leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
- 1973 – Watergate scandal: The trial begins for seven men accused of placing bugs in United States Democratic Party headquarters at the Watergate Hotel.
- 1973 - The Soviet Luna 21 space mission is launched.
- 1975 – Ella Grasso becomes Governor of Connecticut, becoming the first woman to serve as a Governor in the United States who did not succeed her husband.
- 1977 - Three bombs explode in Moscow, within 37 minutes, killing 7 people. These attacks are suspected to have been carried out by an Armenian Separatist group.
- 1982 – AT&T agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions.
- 1989 – Kegworth Air Disaster: British Midland Flight 92 crashes onto the M1 motorway, killing 47 people out of the 127 on board.
- 1992 – President of the United States George H. W. Bush becomes ill on a visit in Japan and vomits on the Japanese Prime Minister.
- 1994 – Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov on Soyuz TM-18 leaves for Mir. He will stay on the space station till March 22, 1995 for a record 437 days in space.
- 1996 – An Antonov 32 cargo jet crashes into the central market in Kinshasa, Zaire killing more than 350 people
- 1998 – Ramzi Yousef is sentenced to life in prison for planning the World Trade Center bombing and for planning Project Bojinka.
- 1999 – Cosmologists announce that the expansion rate of the universe is increasing.
From 2001
- 2003 - In Kosciuszko National Park in Australia, following several lightning strikes during the dry season, bush fires break out.
- 2003 – US Airways flight 5481 crashes at Charlotte-Douglas International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina killing all 21 people aboard.
- 2004 – Queen Elizabeth names the Queen Mary II cruise liner, the largest passenger ship ever built.
- 2010 – The Togo national football team is targeted in an attack in Cabinda, Angola, and therefore withdraws from the African Cup of Nations.
- 2011 – 2011 Tucson shooting: Six people are killed in a shooting in Tucson, Arizona, and several are injured, including Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. Jared Lee Loughner is arrested for the shooting.
- 2015 - Maithripala Sirisena is elected President of Sri Lanka, defeating Mahinda Rajapaksa, and takes office the next day.
Births
Up to 1850
- 1360 - Ulrich von Jungingen, 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (d. 1410)
- 1529 - John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony (d. 1595)
- 1556 - Uesugi Kagekatsu, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1623)
- 1583 - Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
- 1587 – Johannes Fabricius, German astronomer (d. 1616)
- 1587 – Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Dutch colonial Governor (d. 1629)
- 1601 - Baltasar Gracian, Spanish writer (d. 1658)
- 1735 - John Carroll, first Bishop in the United States (d. 1815)
- 1788 – Archduke Rudolph of Austria (d. 1831)
- 1788 - Pavel Kiselyov, Russian general and politician (d. 1874)
- 1805 - John Bigler, 3rd Governor of California (d. 1871)
- 1817 – Theophilus Shepstone, South African politician (d. 1893)
- 1821 – James Longstreet, American Confederate General (d. 1904)
- 1822 - Alfredo Piatti, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1901)
- 1823 – Alfred Russel Wallace, British naturalist and biologist (d. 1913)
- 1824 - Wilkie Collins, British writer (d. 1889)
- 1824 - Francisco Gonzalez Bocanegra, Mexican poet (d. 1861)
- 1834 - Larin Paraske, Finnish runic singer (d. 1904)
- 1849 – Stepan Makarov, Russian admiral, explorer and writer (d. 1904)
1851 – 1900
- 1859 - Fanny Bullock Workman, American geographer, cartographer, explorer, traveler and mountaineer (d. 1925)
- 1862 - Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (d. 1934)
- 1864 – Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (d. 1892)
- 1865 - Winnaretta Singer, American patron of French music, arts, sciences and letters (d. 1943)
- 1866 - William G. Conley, 18th Governor of West Virginia (d. 1940)
- 1867 – Emily Greene Balch, American writer and pacifist (d. 1961)
- 1868 – Frank Dyson, English astronomer (d. 1939)
- 1870 – Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish politician (d. 1930)
- 1871 - James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, Irish politician (d. 1940)
- 1873 – Elena of Montenegro, Queen of Italy (d. 1956)
- 1873 – Iuliu Maniu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953)
- 1876 - Arturs Alberings, Prime Minister of Latvia (d. 1934)
- 1879 - Charles Bryant, British actor and movie director (d. 1948)
- 1883 - Pavel Filonov, Russian painter (d. 1941)
- 1883 - Patrick J. Hurley, American soldier, statesman and diplomat (d. 1963)
- 1885 – John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1945)
- 1886 - Thomas January, American soccer player (d. 1957)
- 1888 - Richard Courant, German-American mathematician (d. 1972)
- 1891 - Bronislava Nijinska, Russian choreographer (d. 1972)
- 1891 – Walther Bothe, German physicist (d. 1957)
- 1894 - Maximilian Kolbe, Polish Franciscan friar (d. 1944)
- 1896 - Jaromir Weinberger, Czech-American composer (d. 1967)
- 1897 - Dennis Wheatley, English writer (d. 1977)
- 1899 – Solomon Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon, present-day Sri Lanka (d. 1959)
- 1900 - François de Menthon, French politician and jurist (d. 1984)
1901 – 1950
- 1902 – Carl Rogers, American psychologist (d. 1987)
- 1902 – Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov, Soviet politician (d. 1988)
- 1904 - Tampa Red, American blues musician (d. 1981)
- 1905 - Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (d. 1988)
- 1905 – Carl Gustav Hempel, German philosopher (d. 1997)
- 1906 - Serge Poliakoff, Russian-French painter (d. 1969)
- 1908 – William Hartnell, English actor (d. 1975)
- 1909 - Willy Millowitsch, German actor (d. 1999)
- 1910 – Galina Ulanova, Russian |ballerina (d. 1998)
- 1912 - José Ferrer, Puerto Rican actor and director (d. 1992)
- 1912 - Lawrence Walsh, American-Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
- 1917 - Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor, American writer (d. 1994)
- 1921 - Leonardo Sciascia, Italian writer (d. 1989)
- 1922 - Dale D. Myers, American Deputy Administrator of NASA (d. 2015)
- 1922 - Jan Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter (d. 1986)
- 1923 – Larry Storch, American actor
- 1923 - Bryce DeWitt, American theoretical physicist (d. 2004)
- 1924 – Ron Moody, English actor (d. 2015)
- 1925 – Helmuth Hubener, German activist (d. 1942)
- 1926 - Evelyn Lear, American soprano (d. 2012)
- 1926 – Soupy Sales, American comedian (d. 2009)
- 1928 - Luther Perkins, American guitarist (d. 1968)
- 1929 – Wolfgang Peters, German footballer (d. 2003)
- 1929 - Saeed Jaffrey, Indian actor (d. 2015)
- 1931 – Bill Graham, German rock music entrepreneur (d. 1991)
- 1933 - Ko Un, Korean poet
- 1933 - Mariam Fakhr Eddine, Egyptian actress (d. 2014)
- 1934 – Jacques Anquetil, French cyclist (d. 1987)
- 1934 – Roy Kinnear, English actor (d. 1988)
- 1934 - Ronald Greenwald, American rabbi and activist (d. 2016)
- 1935 – Elvis Presley, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
- 1936 - Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat and politician (d. 2005)
- 1936 - Robert May, Baron May of Oxford, Australian-English zoologist, ecologist and academic
- 1937 – Shirley Bassey, Welsh singer
- 1938 - Yevgeny Nesterenko, Russian opera singer
- 1938 – Bob Eubanks, American game show host
- 1939 - Nanda, Indian actress (d. 2014)
- 1941 – Graham Chapman, English comedian (d. 1989)
- 1942 – Stephen Hawking, English theoretical physicist and writer (d. 2018)
- 1942 – Junichiro Koizumi, former Prime Minister of Japan
- 1942 - Vyacheslav Zudov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut
- 1942 - Valya Balkanska, Bulgarian folk singer
- 1942 - Robin Ellis, English actor
- 1942 - Yvette Mimieux, American actress
- 1944 - Terry Brooks, American author
- 1946 - Robby Krieger, American musician
- 1947 - Ashura Hara, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2015)
- 1947 – David Bowie, English rock music singer, musician and actor (d. 2016)
- 1947 - Terry Sylvester, English singer and guitarist
- 1947 - Samuel Schmid, Swiss politician
- 1948 - Jerzy Kaczmarek, Polish fencer
- 1949 - John Podesta, American politician, 20th White House Chief of Staff
- 1949 - Kozo Kinomoto, Japanese footballer (d. 2017)
1951 – 1975
- 1951 – Kenny Anthony, former Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
- 1951 - John McTiernan, American director and producer
- 1951 - Franz Pachl, German chess player
- 1958 - Roman Wojcicki, Polish footballer
- 1958 - Rey Mysterio, Sr., Mexican wrestler
- 1958 - Betsy DeVos, 11th United States Secretary of Education
- 1959 - Paul Hester, Australian drummer
- 1959 - Duk Koo Kim, South Korean boxer (d. 1982)
- 1961 - Calvin Smith, American athlete
- 1964 - Ron Sexsmith, Canadian singer-songwriter
- 1964 - José-Luis Carranza, Peruvian footballer
- 1967 - Willie Anderson, American basketball player
- 1967 - Tom Watson, English politician
- 1967 – R. Kelly, American R&B singer
- 1968 - James Brokenshire, English politician
- 1969 - Ami Dolenz, American actress
- 1969 - J. Hunter Johnson, American game designer, author and translator
- 1971 – Pascal Zuberbühler, Swiss footballer
- 1972 – Giuseppe Favalli, Italian footballer
- 1972 - Paul Clement, English football manager
- 1973 – Sean Paul, Jamaican reggae singer
- 1973 - Henning Solberg, Norwegian rally driver
- 1975 - Chris Simmons, English actor
From 1976
- 1976 – Marcelo Gallardo, Argentine footballer
- 1977 - Amber Benson, American actress
- 1978 – Marco Fu, Hong Kong snooker player
- 1979 – Adrian Mutu, Romanian footballer
- 1979 - Windell Middlebrooks, American actor (d. 2015)
- 1979 – Stipe Pletikosa, Croatian footballer
- 1979 - Sarah Polley, Canadian movie actress, director and screenwriter
- 1979 - Tomasz Schafernaker, Polish-English meteorologist
- 1979 – Seol Ki-hyeon, South Korean footballer
- 1980 – Lee Jung-soo, South Korean footballer
- 1981 – Genevieve Cortese, American actress
- 1982 - Huang Sui, Chinese badminton player
- 1982 – John Utaka, Nigerian footballer
- 1983 - Felipe Colombo, Mexican-Argentine singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
- 1983 – Kim Jong-un, North Korean leader
- 1986 – David Silva, Spanish footballer
- 1986 - Jaclyn Linetsky, Canadian actress (d. 2003)
- 1989 – Aaron Cruden, New Zealand rugby player
- 1990 - Xu Xin, Chinese ping-pong player
- 1991 - Jorge Enriquez, Mexican footballer
- 1992 - Koke, Spanish footballer
- 1993 - Tang Yi, Chinese swimmer
- 1995 - Kyle Edmund, English tennis player
- 1997 - Jack Andraka, American inventor
- 2000 – Noah Cyrus, American actress
- 2011 – Prince Vincent of Denmark
- 2011 – Princess Josephine of Denmark
Deaths
Up to 1900
- 307 - Jin Huidi, Emperor of China (b. 259)
- 482 - Severinus of Noricum, Italian saint (b. 410)
- 1107 – Edgar of Scotland (b. 1074)
- 1198 - Pope Celestine III (b. 1106)
- 1324 – Marco Polo, Italian trader and explorer (b. 1254)
- 1337 - Giotto, Italian painter and architect (b. 1266)
- 1598 - John George, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1525)
- 1642 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer (b. 1564)
- 1697 – Thomas Aikenhead, Scottish student, executed under Blasphemy law (b. 1676)
- 1713 - Arcangelo Corelli, Italian composer (b. 1653)
- 1775 - John Baskerville, English printer (b. 1706)
- 1794 - Justus Möser, German statesman (b. 1729)
- 1815 – Edward Pakenham, British general (b. 1778)
- 1818 - Robert Bowie, Governor of Maryland (b. 1750)
- 1825 – Eli Whitney, American inventor (b. 1765)
- 1878 – Nikolay Nekrasov, Russian poet (b. 1821)
- 1880 – Emperor Norton, self-proclaimed Emperor of the United States (b. 1819)
- 1896 - William Rainey Marshall, Governor of Minnesota (b. 1825)
- 1896 - Paul Verlaine, French poet (b. 1844)
1901 – 2000
- 1918 - Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (b. 1827)
- 1919 - Peter Altenberg, Austrian writer (b. 1859)
- 1925 - Fernand Sanz, French cyclist (b. 1881)
- 1934 - Andrei Bely, Russian poet (b. 1880)
- 1941 – Robert Baden-Powell, English founder of Scouting (b. 1857)
- 1943 - Richard Hillary, American pilot and author (b. 1919)
- 1948 - Richard Tauber, Austrian tenor (b. 1891)
- 1948 - Kurt Schwitters, German painter (b. 1887)
- 1950 – Joseph Schumpeter, Austrian economist (b. 1883)
- 1952 - Antonia Maury, American astronomer (b. 1866)
- 1953 - Hugh Binney, British naval commander and Governor of Tasmania (b. 1883)
- 1958 - Paul Pilgrim, American runner (b. 1883)
- 1964 - Julius Raab, Chancellor of Austria (b. 1891)
- 1969 – Albert Hill, British athlete (b. 1889)
- 1976 – Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1898)
- 1983 - Tom McCall, Governor of Oregon (b. 1913)
- 1990 - Jaime Gil de Biedma, Spanish poet (b. 1929)
- 1991 – Steve Clark, British guitarist (b. 1960)
- 1996 - Metin Göktepe, Turkish photographer and journalist (b. 1968)
- 1996 – François Mitterrand, President of France (b. 1916)
- 1997 – Melvin Calvin, American chemist (b. 1911)
- 1998 - Michael Tippett, English composer (b. 1905)
From 2001
- 2002 – Alexander Prokhorov, Russian physicist (b. 1916)
- 2002 – Dave Thomas, founder of Wendy's fast food chain (b. 1932)
- 2003 - Ron Goodwin, British composer and conductor (b. 1925)
- 2005 – Michel Thomas, Polish-American linguist (b. 1914)
- 2006 – Tony Banks, British politician (b. 1943)
- 2007 – Yvonne De Carlo, Canadian actress (b. 1922)
- 2007 – Iwao Takamoto, American animator (b. 1925)
- 2010 – Art Clokey, American animator (b. 1921)
- 2011 - Jiri Dienstbier, Czech journalist and politician (b. 1937)
- 2011 – John Roll, American judge (b. 1947)
- 2012 - Alexis Weissenberg, Bulgarian pianist (b. 1929)
- 2013 - Kenojuak Ashevak, Canadian Inuit artist (b. 1927)
- 2015 - Kep Enderby, Australian politician and judge (b. 1926)
- 2015 - Ray McFall, British nightclub owner (b. 1926)
- 2015 - Andraé Crouch, American gospel singer (b. 1942)
- 2015 - Hubert Markl, German biologist (b. 1938)
- 2015 - Leif Rantala, Finnish linguist (b. 1947)
- 2016 - German Moreno, Filipino television host (b. 1933)
- 2016 - André Courrèges, French fashion designer (b. 1923)
- 2016 - Red Simpson, American singer-songwriter (b. 1934)
- 2016 - Otis Clay, American singer (b. 1942)
- 2016 - Oscar Fritschi, Swiss politician (b. 1939)
- 2016 - Royal Parker, American television personality (b. 1929)
- 2016 - Piet Steenkamp, Dutch footballer (b. 1925)
- 2017 - James Mancham, 1st President of the Seychelles (b. 1939)
- 2017 - Ruth Perry, Liberian politician (b. 1939)
- 2017 - Hashemi Rafsanjani, 4th President of Iran (b. 1934)
- 2017 - Peter Sarstedt, English singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
- 2017 - Buddy Bregman, American arranger, producer and composer (b. 1930)
- 2017 - Klaib Al-Fawwaz, Jordanian diplomat and politician (b. 1950)
- 2017 - Miriam Goldberg, American newspaper publisher (b. 1916)
- 2017 - Roy Innis, American civil rights activist and politician (b. 1934)
- 2017 - Abdulkadir Kure, Nigerian politician (b. 1956)
- 2017 - Eli Zelkha, Iranian-American entrepreneur (b. 1950)
- 2017 - Nigel Spearing, British politician (b. 1930)
- 2018 - George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (b. 1931)
- 2018 - Kato Ottio, Papua New Guinean rugby league player (b. 1994)
- 2018 - Denise LaSalle, American singer-songwriter (b. 1939)
Observances
- Commonwealth Day (Northern Mariana Islands)
- Celebration of Elvis Presley's Birthday at Graceland, Memphis, Tennessee
- Kim Jong-un's Birthday (North Korea)
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