List of Jupiter's moons

There are 80 known moons of Jupiter.[1][2][3] Jupiter has the second largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System.[4]

The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius. They were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter. The other 75 known moons and the rings together make up just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass. The four are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. They are roughly the same size as Earth's moon, some are a bit bigger, some are smaller.

From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered. All these are less than 250 kilometres (160 mi) in diameter, with most barely exceeding 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined. Many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's spin (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to spin around its axis), to some three thousand times more (almost three Earth years).

List of moons

This list starts with those that go around Jupiter (orbit) the fastest. That is, they have the shortest orbital period. Moons highlighted in purple are the "Galilean moons," moons highlighted in dark gray have a retrograde orbit, and moons with the regular white background have a prograde orbit.

	Label [note 1]	Name	Pronunciation (key)	Diameter (km)[note 2]	Mass (×10¹⁶ kg)	Semi-major axis (km)[5]	Orbital period (d)[5][note 3]	Inclination (°)[5]	Eccentricity [6]	Discovery year [7]	Discoverer [7]	Group [note 4]
1	XVI	Metis	ˈmiːtɨs	60×40×34	~3.6	127,690	+7h 4m 30s	0.06° [8]	0.0002	1979	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner
2	XV	Adrastea	ˌædrəˈstiːə	20×16×13	~0.2	129,000	+7h 9m 30s	0.03°[8]	0.0015	1979	Jewitt (Voyager 2)	Inner
3	V	Amalthea	ˌæməlˈθiːə	250×146×128	208	181,366	+11h 57m 23s	0.374°[8]	0.0032	1892	Barnard	Inner
4	XIV	Thebe	ˈθiːbiː	116×98×84	~43	221,889	+16h 11m 17s	1.076°[8]	0.0175	1979	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner
5	I	Io	ˈaɪ.oʊ	3,660.0×3,637.4 ×3,630.6	8,900,000	421,700	+1.769 137 786	0.050°[8]	0.0041	1610	Galilei	Galilean
6	II	Europa	jʊˈroʊpə	3,121.6	4,800,000	671,034	+3.551 181 041	0.471°[8]	0.0094	1610	Galilei	Galilean
7	III	Ganymede	ˈɡænɨmiːd	5,262.4	15,000,000	1,070,412	+7.154 552 96	0.204°[8]	0.0011	1610	Galilei	Galilean
8	IV	Callisto	kəˈlɪstoʊ	4,820.6	11,000,000	1,882,709	+16.689 018 4	0.205°[8]	0.0074	1610	Galilei	Galilean
9	XVIII	Themisto	θɨˈmɪstoʊ	8	0.069	7,393,216	+129.87	45.762°	0.2115	1975/2000	Kowal & Roemer/ Sheppard et al.	Themisto
10	XIII	Leda	ˈliːdə	16	0.6	11,187,781	+241.75	27.562°	0.1673	1974	Kowal	Himalia
11	VI	Himalia	haɪˈmeɪliə	170	670	11,451,971	+250.37	30.486°	0.1513	1904	Perrine	Himalia
12	X	Lysithea	laɪˈsɪθiːə	36	6.3	11,740,560	+259.89	27.006°	0.1322	1938	Nicholson	Himalia
13	VII	Elara	ˈɛlərə	86	87	11,778,034	+261.14	29.691°	0.1948	1905	Perrine	Himalia
14	—	Dia		4	0.009 0	12 570 424	+287.93	27.584°	0.2058	2001	Sheppard et al.	Himalia
15	XLVI	Carpo	ˈkɑrpoʊ	3	0.004 5	17,144,873	+458.62	56.001°	0.2735	2003	Sheppard et al.	Carpo
16	—	S/2003 J 12		1	0.000 15	17,739,539	−482.69	142.680°	0.4449	2003	Sheppard et al.	?
17	XXXIV	Euporie	juːˈpoʊrɨ.iː	2	0.001 5	19,088,434	−538.78	144.694°	0.0960	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
18	—	S/2003 J 3		2	0.001 5	19,621,780	−561.52	146.363°	0.2507	2003	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
19	—	S/2003 J 18		2	0.001 5	19,812,577	−569.73	147.401°	0.1569	2003	Gladman et al.	Ananke
20	XLII	Thelxinoe	θɛlkˈsɪnɵʊiː	2	0.001 5	20,453,753	−597.61	151.292°	0.2684	2003	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
21	XXXIII	Euanthe	juːˈænθiː	3	0.004 5	20,464,854	−598.09	143.409°	0.2000	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
22	XLV	Helike	ˈhɛlɨkiː	4	0.009 0	20,540,266	−601.40	154.586°	0.1374	2003	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
23	XXXV	Orthosie	ɔrˈθɒsɨ.iː	2	0.001 5	20,567,971	−602.62	142.366°	0.2433	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
24	XXIV	Iocaste	ˌaɪ.ɵˈkæstiː	5	0.019	20,722,566	−609.43	147.248°	0.2874	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
25	—	S/2003 J 16		2	0.001 5	20,743,779	−610.36	150.769°	0.3184	2003	Gladman et al.	Ananke
26	XXVII	Praxidike	prækˈsɪdɨkiː	7	0.043	20,823,948	−613.90	144.205°	0.1840	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
27	XXII	Harpalyke	hɑrˈpælɨkiː	4	0.012	21,063,814	−624.54	147.223°	0.2440	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
28	XL	Mneme	ˈniːmiː	2	0.001 5	21,129,786	−627.48	149.732°	0.3169	2003	Gladman et al.	Ananke
29	XXX	Hermippe	hɚˈmɪpiː	4	0.009 0	21,182,086	−629.81	151.242°	0.2290	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke?
30	XXIX	Thyone	θaɪˈoʊniː	4	0.009 0	21,405,570	−639.80	147.276°	0.2525	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
31	XII	Ananke	əˈnæŋkiː	28	3.0	21,454,952	−642.02	151.564°	0.3445	1951	Nicholson	Ananke
32	L	Herse		2	0.001 5	22,134,306	−672.75	162.490°	0.2379	2003	Gladman et al.	Carme
33	XXXI	Aitne	ˈaɪtniː	3	0.004 5	22,285,161	−679.64	165.562°	0.3927	2002	Sheppard et al.	Carme
34	XXXVII	Kale	ˈkeɪliː	2	0.001 5	22,409,207	−685.32	165.378°	0.2011	2002	Sheppard et al.	Carme
35	XX	Taygete	teiˈɪdʒɨtiː	5	0.016	22,438,648	−686.67	164.890°	0.3678	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
36	—	S/2003 J 19		2	0.001 5	22,709,061	−699.12	164.727°	0.1961	2003	Gladman et al.	Carme
37	XXI	Chaldene	kælˈdiːniː	4	0.007 5	22,713,444	−699.33	167.070°	0.2916	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
38	—	S/2003 J 15		2	0.001 5	22,720,999	−699.68	141.812°	0.0932	2003	Sheppard et al.	Ananke?
39	—	S/2003 J 10		2	0.001 5	22,730,813	−700.13	163.813°	0.3438	2003	Sheppard et al.	Carme?
40	—	S/2003 J 23		2	0.001 5	22,739,654	−700.54	148.849°	0.3930	2004	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
41	XXV	Erinome	ɨˈrɪnɵmiː	3	0.004 5	22,986,266	−711.96	163.737°	0.2552	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
42	XLI	Aoede	eɪˈiːdiː	4	0.009 0	23,044,175	−714.66	160.482°	0.6011	2003	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
43	XLIV	Kallichore	kəˈlɪkɵriː	2	0.001 5	23,111,823	−717.81	164.605°	0.2041	2003	Sheppard et al.	Carme?
44	XXIII	Kalyke	ˈkælɨkiː	5	0.019	23,180,773	−721.02	165.505°	0.2139	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
45	XI	Carme	ˈkɑrmiː	46	13	23,197,992	−721.82	165.047°	0.2342	1938	Nicholson	Carme
46	XVII	Callirrhoe	kəˈlɪrɵʊiː	9	0.087	23,214,986	−722.62	139.849°	0.2582	2000	Gladman et al.	Pasiphaë
47	XXXII	Eurydome	jʊˈrɪdəmiː	3	0.004 5	23,230,858	−723.36	149.324°	0.3769	2002	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë?
48	XXXVIII	Pasithee	pəˈsɪθɨ.iː	2	0.001 5	23,307,318	−726.93	165.759°	0.3288	2002	Sheppard et al.	Carme
49	XLIX	Kore	ˈkoʊriː	2	0.001 5	23,345,093	−776.02	137.371°	0.1951	2003	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
50	XLVIII	Cyllene	sɨˈliːniː	2	0.001 5	23,396,269	−731.10	140.148°	0.4115	2003	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
51	XLVII	Eukelade	juːˈkɛlədiː	4	0.009 0	23,483,694	−735.20	163.996°	0.2828	2003	Sheppard et al.	Carme
52	—	S/2003 J 4		2	0.001 5	23,570,790	−739.29	147.175°	0.3003	2003	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
53	VIII	Pasiphaë	pəˈsɪfeɪ.iː	60	30	23,609,042	−741.09	141.803°	0.3743	1908	Gladman et al.	Pasiphaë
54	XXXIX	Hegemone	hɨˈdʒɛməniː	3	0.004 5	23,702,511	−745.50	152.506°	0.4077	2003	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
55	XLIII	Arche	ˈɑrkiː	3	0.004 5	23,717,051	−746.19	164.587°	0.1492	2002	Sheppard et al.	Carme
56	XXVI	Isonoe	aɪˈsɒnɵʊiː	4	0.007 5	23,800,647	−750.13	165.127°	0.1775	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
57	—	S/2003 J 9		1	0.000 15	23,857,808	−752.84	164.980°	0.2761	2003	Sheppard et al.	Carme
58	—	S/2003 J 5		4	0.009 0	23,973,926	−758.34	165.549°	0.3070	2003	Sheppard et al.	Carme
59	IX	Sinope	sɨˈnoʊpiː	38	7.5	24,057,865	−762.33	153.778°	0.2750	1914	Nicholson	Pasiphaë
60	XXXVI	Sponde	ˈspɒndiː	2	0.001 5	24,252,627	−771.60	154.372°	0.4431	2002	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
61	XXVIII	Autonoe	ɔːˈtɒnɵʊiː	4	0.009 0	24,264,445	−772.17	151.058°	0.3690	2002	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
62	XIX	Megaclite	ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː	5	0.021	24,687,239	−792.44	150.398°	0.3077	2001	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
63	—	S/2003 J 2		2	0.001 5	30,290,846	−1 077.02	153.521°	0.1882	2003	Sheppard et al.	?

Notes

Label refers to the Roman numeral attributed to each moon in order of their discovery.
Diameters with multiple entries such as "60×40×34" reflect that the body is not a perfect spheroid and that each of its dimensions have been measured well enough.
Periods with negative values are retrograde.
"?" refers to group assignments that are not considered sure yet.

References

Sheppard, Scott S. "The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page". Carnegie Institution, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
Resnick, Brian (17 July 2018). "The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page". Vox. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
Science, Carnegie (16 July 2018). "A dozen new moons of Jupiter discovered, including one "oddball"". Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
"12 New Moons Found Orbiting Jupiter". 17 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
"Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service". IAU: Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2008-09-03. Note: some semi-major axis were computed using the µ value, while the eccentricities were taken using the inclination to the local Laplace plane
Sheppard, Scott S. "Jupiter's Known Satellites". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Carniege Institution for science. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). U.S. Geological Survey. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Obrest, J.; Simon, J.L.; Standish, E.M.; Stooke, P. ; Thomas, P.C. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2008-08-31.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[5] Label refers to the Roman numeral attributed to each moon in order of their discovery.

[6] Diameters with multiple entries such as "60×40×34" reflect that the body is not a perfect spheroid and that each of its dimensions have been measured well enough.

[8] Periods with negative values are retrograde.

[11] "?" refers to group assignments that are not considered sure yet.

[shep-main-1] Sheppard, Scott S. "The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page". Carnegie Institution, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[vox-10-new-jupitermoons-2] Resnick, Brian (17 July 2018). "The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page". Vox. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[carnegie-3] Science, Carnegie (16 July 2018). "A dozen new moons of Jupiter discovered, including one "oddball"". Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[:1-4] "12 New Moons Found Orbiting Jupiter". 17 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[inner-7] "Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service". IAU: Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2008-09-03. Note: some semi-major axis were computed using the µ value, while the eccentricities were taken using the inclination to the local Laplace plane

[shep-9] Sheppard, Scott S. "Jupiter's Known Satellites". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Carniege Institution for science. Retrieved 2008-08-28.

[discovered-10] "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). U.S. Geological Survey. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2008-08-02.

[inclination-12] Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Obrest, J.; Simon, J.L.; Standish, E.M.; Stooke, P. ; Thomas, P.C. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2008-08-31.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)