Kamakura period

The Kamakura period (鎌倉時代, Kamakura jidai) is a time in the Japanese history from 1185 through 1333 in the history of Japan.[1] This grouping of years is named after city of Kamakura which was the center of power of the Kamakura shogunate.[2]

History of Japan
Periods
Paleolithicbefore 14,000 BC
Jōmon14,000 – 300 BC
Yayoi300 BC – 300 AD
Kofun300–538
Asuka538–710
Nara710–794
Heian794–1185
Kamakura1185–1333
Kenmu Restoration1333–1336
Muromachi (Ashikaga)
1336–1573
Azuchi–Momoyama
  • Nanban trade
1573–1603
Edo (Tokugawa)
  • Sakoku
  • Convention of Kanagawa
  • Bakumatsu
1603–1868
1868–1912
Taishō
  • World War I
1912–1926
Shōwa
1926–1989
1989–2019 (planned)
Reiwa2019 (planned)
Topics
  • Currency
  • Earthquakes
  • Economy
  • Education
  • Empire
  • Historiography
  • Military
  • Naval
  • Post-war
  • Glossary
  • Timeline

The government of shoguns which was functionally established in 1192 by Minamoto no Yoritomo.[3]

The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate. Imperial rule was re-established under Emperor Go-Daigo.[4]

Mongol Invasions of Japan (1274, 1281) also happened in this period.

Flourishing of Buddhism

Buddhism expanded during this period. A number of monks founded separate Buddhist sects, including

• Hōnen, founder of the Jōdo shū sect[5]
• Shinran, disciple of Hōnen; founder of Jōdo Shinshū[6]
• Ippen, founder of the Ji sect[7]
• Dōgen, founder of the Sōtō school of Zen[8]
• Eisai, founder of the Rinzai school of Zen[9]
• Nichiren, founder of the sect of Buddhism named after him[10]

The older Buddhist sects such as Shingon and Tendai continued to thrive.

Timeline
  • 1185 (Genryaku 2, 24th day of the 3rd month): Taira clan (Heike) defeated at sea by Minamoto Yoshitsune[11]
  • 1191 (Kenkyū 2): Esai establishes Zen in Japan[12]
  • 1192 (Kenkyū 3): Minamoto Yoritomo appointed as shogun[13]
  • 1207 (Ken'ei 1): Hōnen and his followers are exiled[14]
  • 1221 (Jōkyū 3): In the Jōkyū War (承久の乱, jōkyū no ran), Emperor Go-Toba tried to take power from the Kamakura shogunate. The effort did not succeed.[15]
  • 1252 (Kenchō 2): Great Buddha of Kamakura was put in place at Kōtoku-in.[16]
  • November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Kublai Khan sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan; Battle of Bun'ei (文永の役, Bun'ei no eki) or the "Bun'ei War".[17]
  • 1281 (Kōan 4): Battle of Kōan (弘安の役, Kōan no eki) or the "Kōan War".[18]
  • 1293 (Einin 1): Disastrous earthquake and tsunami hit Sagami Bay and Kamakura, killing 23,034 people.[19]
  • 1333 (Genkō 3): Nitta Yoshisada destroys the Kamakura shogunate in the Siege of Kamakura (鎌倉の戦い).[20]
  • Dai Butsu of Kamakura. Hand-coloured image by Adolfo Farsari, between 1885 and 1890—see 1252 above
    Dai Butsu of Kamakura. Hand-coloured image by Adolfo Farsari, between 1885 and 1890—see 1252 above
  • Painting scrolls on the Mongol invasions by Fukuda Taika, 1846 —see 1274 and 1281 above
    Painting scrolls on the Mongol invasions by Fukuda Taika, 1846 —see 1274 and 1281 above

References
  1. Library of Congress Country Studies, Japan,"Kamakura and Muromachi periods". Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  2. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 459. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  3. Hall, John Whitney. (1991). Japan: From Prehistory to Modern Times, pp. 86-87.
  4. Hall, p. 359.
  5. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 348. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  6. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. pp. 867–868. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  7. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  8. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  9. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  10. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  11. Kitagawa, Hiroshi and Bruce Tsuchida. (1975). The Tale of the Heike, pp. 676-690.
  12. What is Zen? History. Retrieved 2012-4-29.
  13. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 635. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  14. Jodo Shu, "About Honen Shonin". Retrieved 2012-4-29.
  15. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  16. Tsubata, Kate. "The Great Buddha at Kamakura," The Washington Times, May 25, 2008. Retrieved 2012-4-30.
  17. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  18. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 535. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  19. NOAA Earthquake Database Query
  20. McCullough, Helen Craig. (1959). The Taiheiki: A Chronicle of Medieval Japan, pp. 285-311.

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