Voiced labiodental fricative

The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨v⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨v⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by 'v' in very and division.

Voiced labiodental fricative
v
IPA number129
Encoding
Entity (decimal)v
Unicode (hex)U+0076
X-SAMPAv
Kirshenbaumv
Sound
 

Features
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is labiodental. This means that this sound is produced with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
  • The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is fricative. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.

Examples
LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Abkhazевропа[evˈropʼa]'Europe'
Afrikaanswees[vɪəs]'to be'
Albanianvalixhe[vaˈlidʒɛ]'case'
Arabic Algerian[1]كاڥي‎[kavi]'ataxy'
Hejazi ڤيروس [vajˈruːs] 'virus'
Siirt[1]ذهب[vaˈhab]'gold'
ArmenianEastern[2]վեցaudio speaker icon[vɛtsʰ] 'six'
Assyrianܟܬܒ̣ܐ ctava[ctaːva]'book'
BaiDali ?[ŋv˩˧]'fish'
Bulgarianвода[voda]'water'
CatalanAlguerese[3]vell[ˈveʎ]'old'
Balearic[4] [3]
Southern Catalonia[5]
Valencian[5][3]
Chechenвашa / vaṣa[vaʃa]'brother'
ChineseWu饭[vɛ]'cooked rice'
Sichuanese五[v]'five'
Czechvoda[ˈvodä]'water'
DanishStandard[6]véd[ve̝ːˀð̠˕ˠ]'know(s)'
DutchAll dialectswraak[vraːk]'revenge'
Most dialectsvreemd[vreːmt]'strange'
Standard[7]
EnglishAll dialectsvalve[væɫv]'valve'
African American[8]breathe[bɹiːv]'breathe'
Cockney[9][bɹəi̯v]
Esperanto vundo [ˈvundo]'wound'
Ewe[10]evlo[évló]'he is evil'
Faroese[11]veður[ˈveːʋuɹ]'speech'
French[12]valve[valv]'valve'
Georgian[13]ვიწრო[ˈvitsʼɾo]'narrow'
GermanWächter[ˈvɛçtɐ]'guard'
Greekβερνίκι verníki[ve̞rˈnici]'varnish'
Hebrewגב[ɡav]'back'
Hindi[14]व्रत[vrət̪]'fast'
Hungarianveszély[vɛseːj]'danger'
Irishbhaile[vaːlə]'home'
Italian[15]avare[aˈvare]'miserly' (f. pl.)
Judaeo-Spanishmueve[ˈmwɛvɛ]'nine'
Kabardianвагъуэaudio speaker icon[vaːʁʷa] 'star'
Macedonianвода[vɔda]'water'
Malteseiva[iva]'yes'
NorwegianUrban East[16]venn[ve̞nː]'friend'
OccitanAuvergnatvol[vɔl]'flight'
Limousin
Provençal
PersianWesternورزش[varzeʃ]'sport'
Polish[17]wóraudio speaker icon[vur] 'bag'
Portuguese[18]vila[ˈvilɐ]'town'
Romanianval[väl]'wave'
Russian[19][20]волосы[ˈvʷo̞ɫ̪əs̪ɨ̞]'hair'
Serbo-Croatianvoda[vɔ'da]'water'
Slovak[21]vzrast[vzräst]'height'
Slovene[22]filozof'philosopher'
Spanish[23]afgano[ävˈɣ̞äno̞]'Afghan'
Swedishvägg[ˈvɛɡː]'wall'
Turkish[24]vade[väːˈd̪ɛ]'due date'
Tyapvak[vag]'road'
Urdu ورزش [vəɾzɪʃ] ‘exercise’
Vietnamese[25]và[vaː˨˩]'and'
West Frisianweevje[ˈʋeɪ̯vjə]'to weave'
Welshfi[vi]'I'
Yiꃶ/vu[vu˧]'intestines'

Notes
  1. Watson (2002:15)
  2. Dum-Tragut (2009:18)
  3. "La /v/ labiodental" (PDF). IEC. Retrieved 13 June 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  5. Wheeler (2002:13)
  6. Basbøll (2005:62)
  7. Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  8. McWhorter (2001), pp. 148.
  9. Wells (1982), p. 328.
  10. Ladefoged (2005:156)
  11. Árnason (2011:115)
  12. Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  13. Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  14. Janet Pierrehumbert; Rami Nair (1996), Implications of Hindi Prosodic Structure (Current Trends in Phonology: Models and Methods) (PDF), European Studies Research Institute, University of Salford Press, 1996, ISBN 978-1-901471-02-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-13, retrieved 2022-02-16
  15. Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  16. Kristoffersen (2000:74)
  17. Jassem (2003:103)
  18. Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  19. Padgett (2003:42)
  20. Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:223)
  21. Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)
  22. Herrity (2000:16)
  23. http://www.uclm.es/profesorado/nmoreno/compren/material/2006apuntes_fonetica.pdf Archived 2012-03-07 at the Wayback Machine; http://plaza.ufl.edu/lmassery/Consonantes%20oclusivasreviewlaurie.doc
  24. Göksel & Kerslake (2005:6))
  25. Thompson (1959:458–461)

References
  • Árnason, Kristján (2011). The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199229314.
  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L. (1993), "French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
  • Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
  • Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
  • Herrity, Peter (2000), Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar, London: Routledge, ISBN 0415231485
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
  • Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press
  • Wheeler, Max W. (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7
  • Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (2): 221–228, doi:10.1017/S0025100314000395


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