1559

Year 1559 (MDLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1559 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1559
MDLIX
Ab urbe condita2312
Armenian calendar1008
ԹՎ ՌԸ
Assyrian calendar6309
Balinese saka calendar1480–1481
Bengali calendar966
Berber calendar2509
English Regnal year1 Eliz. 1  2 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2103
Burmese calendar921
Byzantine calendar7067–7068
Chinese calendar戊午年 (Earth Horse)
4256 or 4049
     to 
己未年 (Earth Goat)
4257 or 4050
Coptic calendar1275–1276
Discordian calendar2725
Ethiopian calendar1551–1552
Hebrew calendar5319–5320
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1615–1616
 - Shaka Samvat1480–1481
 - Kali Yuga4659–4660
Holocene calendar11559
Igbo calendar559–560
Iranian calendar937–938
Islamic calendar966–967
Japanese calendarEiroku 2
(永禄2年)
Javanese calendar1478–1479
Julian calendar1559
MDLIX
Korean calendar3892
Minguo calendar353 before ROC
民前353年
Nanakshahi calendar91
Thai solar calendar2101–2102
Tibetan calendar阳土马年
(male Earth-Horse)
1685 or 1304 or 532
     to 
阴土羊年
(female Earth-Goat)
1686 or 1305 or 533

Events


JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

The fatal tournament between King Henry and Lord Montgomery

JulySeptember

  • July 10 Francis II becomes King of France following the death of his father, Henry II.[5][6] Members of the House of Guise and the new king's mother Catherine de' Medici dispute control over the kingdom.
  • July 25 The Articles of Leith are signed in Edinburgh between the Protestant Lords of the Congregation and the Roman Catholic representatives the Scottish regent, Mary of Guise, the widow of King James V, who is ruling on behalf of her daughter, the 17-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots. The Lords, who have occupied Edinburgh since June, withdraw their troops in return for the Scottish crown's agreement to not interfere with the practice of Protestantism in Scotland.[7]
  • July 31 Pope Paul IV authorizes the creation of the University of Douai (which will later become the University of Lille).[8]
  • August 15 Led by Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano, a Spanish missionary colony of 1,500 men, on 13 ships, arrives from Vera Cruz at Pensacola Bay, founding the oldest European settlement in the mainland U.S. (St. Augustine is founded in 1565.)
  • August 18 Pope Paul IV, leader of the Roman Catholic Church since 1555, dies at the age of 83 after a reign of four years. The office of the Pope remains vacant until almost the end of the year before a successor is chosen.
  • September 4 Gorkha state is established by Dravya Shah, beating local Khadka kings, which is the origin of the current country of Nepal.
  • September 5 The papal conclave to elect a new pope opens 18 days after the death of Pope Paul IV at the Apostolic Palace in Rome with 47 of the 55 Roman Catholic cardinals present.[9] The conclave lasts 101 days before a successor to Pope Paul is elected.
  • September 19 Just weeks after arrival at Pensacola, the Spanish missionary colony is decimated by a hurricane that kills hundreds, sinks five ships, with a galleon, and grounds a caravel; the 1,000 survivors divide to relocate/resupply the settlement, but suffer famine & attacks, and abandon the effort in 1561.
  • September 21 Francis II of France is crowned at Reims. The crown is too heavy for him, and has to be held in place by his nobles.[10]
  • September 25 At the age of 12, Petru cel Tânăr (Peter the Younger) is named as the new Prince of Wallachia at the capital, Târgoviște (now in Romania) after the death of his father, Mircea the Shepherd. In response, members of Wallachian nobility (boyars) opposed to Mircea's rule launch the first of three attempts to take the throne, fighting battles at Românești, Șerpătești and Boiani.

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

Births

Emperor Nurhaci born on February 19
Lawrence of Brindisi born on July 22
Jacques Sirmond born on October 12

Deaths

King Christian III of Denmark and Norway died on New Year's Day, January 1, 1559
King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden died on January 25, 1559
King Henry II of France died on July 10, 1559
Pope Paul IV died on August 18, 1559

References

  1. Geoffrey Abbott (2001). Crowning Disasters. Capall Bann Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-86163-132-9.
  2. Mary Morrissey (June 16, 2011). Politics and the Paul's Cross Sermons, 1558-1642. Oxford University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-19-957176-5. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  3. Jean d' Aubusson de la Maison Neuve; Victor Ernest Graham; Victor E. Graham (1979). Recueil Et Discours Du Voyage Du Roy Charles IX. University of Toronto Press. p. 457. ISBN 978-0-8020-5406-7.
  4. ""The death of Henry II, King of France (1519–1559): From myth to medical and historical fact, by Marc Zanello, et al., in Acta Neurochir (January 2015) pp.145-149
  5. "Henry II | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  6. "Francis II | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  7. Pamela E. Ritchie, Mary of Guise in Scotland: A Political Career (East Linton, Tuckwell, 2002), p.224
  8. Escallier, Énée Aimé (1852). L'abbaye d'Anchin, 1079-1792 (in French). L. Lefort.
  9. "Conclave of September 5 to December 25, 1559", The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, by Salvador Miranda.
  10. Guy, John, My Heart is my Own, London, Fourth Estate, 2004, ISBN 1841157538
  11. Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 260-1, 262: Aeneas James George Mackay, Chroniclis of Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1899), p. 163
  12. Svat Soucek (2008):"The Portuguese and Turks in the Persian Gulf", in Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, p.37 copies archived on January 2, 2021 on the Wayback Machine website
  13. Mark Pattison (1875). Isaac Casaubon, 1559-1614. Longmans, Green. p. 11.
  14. Derek W. H. Thomas; John W. Tweeddale, eds. (2019). John Calvin : for a new reformation. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway. ISBN 978-1-4335-1281-0. OCLC 1091236732.
  15. Austin, Gregory. "Chronology of Psychoactive Substance Use". Drugs & Society. Comitas Institute for Anthropological Study. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  16. G.R. Elton, ed. The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 2: The Reformation, 1520–1559 (1st ed. 1958)
  17. Lewis Spitz, The Protestant Reformation: 1517–1559 (2003).
  18. Robert Tudur Jones. "Penry, John (1563-1593), Puritan author". Welsh Biography Online. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  19. Alexander Hopkins McDannald (1945). The Encyclopedia Americana. Americana Corporation. p. 599.
  20. "Paul IV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
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