1705

1705 (MDCCV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1705th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 705th year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th year of the 18th century, and the 6th year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1705, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
July 31: The Battle of Warsaw between rival factions for control of Poland.
1705 by topic
Arts and science
  • Archaeology
  • Architecture
  • Art
  • Literature
  • Poetry
  • Music
  • Science
Countries
  • Canada
  • Denmark
  • England
  • France
  • Ireland
  • Norway
  • Russia
  • Scotland
  • Spain
  • Sweden
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
1705 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1705
MDCCV
Ab urbe condita2458
Armenian calendar1154
ԹՎ ՌՃԾԴ
Assyrian calendar6455
Balinese saka calendar1626–1627
Bengali calendar1112
Berber calendar2655
English Regnal year3 Ann. 1 – 4 Ann. 1
Buddhist calendar2249
Burmese calendar1067
Byzantine calendar7213–7214
Chinese calendar甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
4402 or 4195
    — to —
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
4403 or 4196
Coptic calendar1421–1422
Discordian calendar2871
Ethiopian calendar1697–1698
Hebrew calendar5465–5466
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1761–1762
 - Shaka Samvat1626–1627
 - Kali Yuga4805–4806
Holocene calendar11705
Igbo calendar705–706
Iranian calendar1083–1084
Islamic calendar1116–1117
Japanese calendarHōei 2
(宝永２年)
Javanese calendar1628–1629
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4038
Minguo calendar207 before ROC
民前207年
Nanakshahi calendar237
Thai solar calendar2247–2248
Tibetan calendar阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
1831 or 1450 or 678
    — to —
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
1832 or 1451 or 679
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1705.

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January–March
  • January 8 – George Frideric Handel's first opera, Almira, is premiered in Hamburg.
  • January 31 – The Hester, a British 28-gun sailing ship with a crew of 70, is lost in Persia.
  • February 7 – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar begins as Marshal René de Froulay de Tessé of the French Army supplements the Spanish forces of the Marquis of Villadarias and seizes control of a strategic fortress, the Round Tower, but the forces retreat after a counterattack kills 200 of their number in the retaking of the Tower
  • February 25 – George Frideric Handel's opera Nero premieres in Hamburg.[1]
  • February 26 – A French Navy fleet of 18 warships, commanded by Admiral Desjean, the Baron de Pointis arrives in the Bay of Gibraltar to aid the French and Spanish attempt to retake Gibraltar from England.
  • March 8 – The Province of Carolina incorporates the town of Bath, making it the first incorporated town in present-day North Carolina. The town becomes the political center and de facto capital of the northern portion of the Province of Carolina, until Edenton is incorporated in 1722.
  • March 14 – Queen Anne gives royal assent to the Alien Act 1705, setting a deadline of December 25, 1705, for Scotland's parliament to authorize negotiations for the union with England to create the Kingdom of Great Britain and, if Scotland fails to do so, to declare all Scots in England to be arrested and detained as illegal aliens until union is achieved.[2]
  • March 31 (March 20 O.S.) – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar ends as a fleet of warships from the navies of England, Portugal and the Netherlands, commanded by English Admiral John Leake, arrives at the Bay of Gibraltar with 35 warships and English and Portuguese troops. In the battle that follows, five of the French Navy's ships are sunk and Admiral Desjean is seriously wounded, forcing the French and Spanish to retreat.

April–June

July–September
  • July 11 – José de Grimaldo, the Marquis of Grimaldo, becomes the head of government of Spain after being appointed by King Philip V as the Secretary of the Universal Bureau
  • July 14 – The newly-elected English House of Commons, last to serve before the union with Scotland that produces Great Britain, is opened by Queen Anne.
  • July 15 – Al-Husayn I ibn Ali becomes the first Bey of Tunis, founding the Husainid Dynasty that rules Tunisia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1957
  • July 18 – War of the Spanish Succession: At the Battle of Elixheim, near the city of Tienen (in modern-day Belgium), is fought, as an exhausted group of soldiers under the command of England's Duke of Marlborough kills 3,000 French troops under the command of the Duc de Valleroy, and forces the retreat of the others, breaking the "Lines of Brabant". Because his soldiers had marched all night and then fought the battle over a full day, Marlborough is unable to send them in pursuit of Villeroy's troops.
  • July 20 – The planet Mercury transits Jupiter, as seen by astronomers from Earth. The event happens again on October 4, 1708, but will not be seen again from Earth until October 27, 2088
  • July 26 – Great Northern War: At the Battle of Gemauerthof, fought in modern-day Latvia, Swedish forces under the command of General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt overwhelm a much larger force of Russian troops commanded by Count Boris Sheremetev, killing 2,000 Russians and wounding as many as 3,000.
  • July 31 – The Battle of Warsaw is fought near Warsaw, Poland in the Great Northern War.
  • August 16–18 – In an Atlantic tropical cyclone across Cuba and Florida, four ships are lost and there are many casualties.
  • August 31–September 5 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Zoutleeuw is carried out by the alliance of Dutch, English, Scottish and Holy Roman Empire troops against the French-held fortress of Zoutleeuw (in modern-day Belgium)
  • September 17 – First Javanese War of Succession: On the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia), Pakubuwono I becomes the new Sultan of Martaram, capturing Kartosuro and deposing Sultan Amangkurat III.
  • September 20 – Francis II Rákóczi is proclaimed as the ruler of Hungary by independence activists in Szécsény who are opposed to the rule of the Habsburg successor to Leopold I, the Holy Roman emperor Joseph I.
  • September 24 (O.S.) – Stanisław Leszczyński is crowned as King of Poland.

October–December

Date unknown
  • Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England; it is completed in 1724.
  • Taichung City, Taiwan is founded as the village of Dadun.
  • With the interest paid from daimyō loans, the Konoike buy a tract of ponds and swampland, turn the land into rice paddies, and settle 480 households numbering perhaps 2,880 peasants on the land.
  • The Shogunate confiscates the property of a merchant in Osaka "for conduct unbecoming a member of the commercial class". The government seizes 50 pairs of gold screens, 360 carpets, several mansions, 48 granaries and warehouses scattered around the country, and hundreds of thousands of gold pieces.

Births
Charles Chauncy (1705–1787) born 1 January
Isaac Hawkins Browne (poet) born 21 January
Peter Artedi born 27 February
Sophie Caroline of Brandenburg-Kulmbach born 31 March
William Cookworthy born 12 April
António José da Silva born 8 May
Carl Marcus Tuscher born 1 June
Thomas Birch born 23 November

January–March

April–June
  • April 7 – Sir Edward O'Brien, 2nd Baronet (d. 1765)
  • April 9 – Nathan Webb (d. 1772)
  • April 12 – William Cookworthy, English Quaker minister (d. 1780)
  • April 19 – Claes Grill, Swedish merchant (d. 1767)
  • April 21 – Jean-Pierre Aulneau, Jesuit missionary priest, briefly active in New France (d. 1736)
  • April 23 – Erasmus James Philipps, serving member on Nova Scotia Council (1730–1760) (d. 1760)
  • May 1 – Nathaniel Elliot, English Jesuit scholar (d. 1780)
  • May 5 – John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, Scottish nobleman and army officer (d. 1782)
  • May 6 – Christian Gärtner, German telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1782)
  • May 8 – António José da Silva, Portuguese dramatist born in colonial Brazil (d. 1739)
  • May 10 – Alexander Luttrell (d. 1737)
  • May 13 – Johan Lorentz Castenschiold, Dutch-Danish landowner who was ennobled (d. 1747)
  • June 1 – Carl Marcus Tuscher, German-born Danish polymath (d. 1751)
  • June 9
    • Jan Paweł Biretowski (d. 1781)
    • Francis Blackburne, English Anglican churchman and activist (d. 1787)
  • June 10 – Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1762)
  • June 21 – Samuel Edwards, American silversmith (d. 1762)

July–September
  • July 1 – Sir Alexander Grant, 5th Baronet (d. 1772)
  • July 23 – Francis Blomefield, English antiquarian (d. 1752)
  • August 8 – Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (d. 1750)
  • August 12 – Jonathan Clarke, American silversmith active in Newport (d. 1770)
  • August 15 – Joseph Wanton, merchant, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1780)
  • August 18
    • Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (d. 1775)
    • Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin (d. 1777)
  • August 20
    • James Balfour, philosopher (d. 1795)
    • Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort (d. 1755)
  • August 30 – David Hartley, English philosopher (d. 1757)
  • September 2 – Abraham Tucker, English country gentleman (d. 1774)
  • September 5 – Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, French princess of the blood (d. 1765)
  • September 7 – Matthäus Günther, German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era (d. 1788)
  • September 19
    • Marguerite-Antoinette Couperin, French harpsichordist (d. 1778)
    • William Craven, 5th Baron Craven, English nobleman and Member of Parliament (d. 1769)
  • September 23 – Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg (d. 1744)
  • September 24 – Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1766)
  • September 28

October–December
  • October 3 – Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie, French diplomat who engineered the coup d'état that brought Elizaveta Petrovna to the Russian throne in 1741 (d. 1759)
  • October 8 – Yakov Shakhovskoy (d. 1777)
  • October 12 – Emmanuel Héré de Corny, court architect to Stanisław Leszczyński (d. 1763)
  • October 23 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian military officer (d. 1757)
  • October 25 – Johann Friedrich Endersch, German cartographer and mathematician (d. 1769)
  • October 31 – Pope Clement XIV (d. 1774)[4]
  • November 1 – Antoine Terrasson, French author (d. 1782)
  • November 4 – Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, French soldier (d. 1783)
  • November 5
    • William Baker, English merchant and politician (d. 1770)
    • Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French composer and violinist (d. 1770)
  • November 15 – Sir Halswell Tynte, 3rd Baronet (d. 1730)
  • November 17 – Andrea Casali (d. 1784)
  • November 23 – Thomas Birch, English historian (d. 1766)
  • November 24 – Christian Moritz Graf Königsegg und Rothenfels (d. 1778)
  • November 29 – Michael Christian Festing, English violinist and composer (d. 1752)
  • November 30 – Jonathan Parsons, Christian New England clergyman during the late colonial period, supporter of the American Revolution (d. 1776)
  • December 6 – Andrés de la Calleja, Spanish painter (d. 1785)
  • December 9 – Faustina Pignatelli (d. 1785)
  • December 14
    • Wiguläus von Kreittmayr, Bavarian jurist and public official (d. 1790)
    • Queen Seonui, wife and Queen Consort of King Gyeongjong of Joseon (d. 1730)
  • December 20
    • George Fothergill (d. 1760)
    • Antonio Palomba, Italian opera librettist (d. 1769)
  • December 27 – Prince Frederick Henry Eugen of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1781)
  • December 30 – Georg Wolfgang Knorr, German engraver and naturalist (d. 1761)
  • date unknown – Dick Turpin, English highwayman (d. 1739)
  • date unknown – Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician (b. 1785)

Deaths
John Ray died 17 January
Philipp Spener died 5 February
Titus Oates died 13 July
Maria Hueber died 31 July
Albert Angell died 13 September
Emeric Thököly died 13 September
Ninon de l'Enclos died 17 October

January–March

April–June

July–September
  • July 5 – Alonso Antonio de San Martín, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cuenca (1681–1705) and Bishop of Oviedo (1675–1681) (b. 1642)
  • July 13 – Titus Oates, English priest who fabricated the "Popish Plot" (b. 1649)
  • July 27 – Elizabeth Wilbraham (b. 1632)
  • July 30 – Nathaniel Felton, landowner in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and served as a juryman (b. 1615)
  • July 31
    • Lucio Borghesi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Chiusi (1682–1705) (b. 1642)
    • Maria Hueber, Catholic nun (b. 1653)
  • August 6 – Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg, second Prince of Auersperg and Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg from 1677 until his death (b. 1655)
  • August 13 – Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French aristocrat (b. 1646)
  • August 16 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1654)
  • August 28
    • Ludvig Stoud, Danish-Norwegian theologian and priest (b. 1649)
    • George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1624)
  • September 2 – Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (1696–(b. 1636)
  • September 4 – Peter Barwick, English physician and author (b. 1619)
  • September 12 – Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1634)
  • September 13
  • September 17 – Gregorio Compagni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Larino (1703–1705) and Bishop of Sansepolcro (1696–1705) (b. 1640)
  • September 26 – Tommaso d'Aquino, bishop of Sessa Aurunca (b. 1635)
  • September 30 – Anne Camm, early British Quaker preacher (b. 1627)

October–December

References
  1. Lang, Paul Henry (1996). George Frideric Handel. New York: Dover Publications. p. 35. ISBN 0-486-29227-4.
  2. G. W. T. Ormond, Fletcher of Saltoun (Oliphant, Anderson, & Ferrier, 1897) p. 107
  3. "Historical Events for Year 1705 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  4. "Clement XIV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
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