Family tree of Japanese monarchs

The following is a family tree of the emperors of Japan, from the legendary Emperor Jimmu to the present monarch, Naruhito.[1]

Modern scholars have come to question the existence of at least the first nine emperors; Kōgen's descendant, Emperor Sujin (98 BC – 30 BC?), is the first for whom many agree that he might have actually existed.[2] These monarchs are regarded by historians as "legendary emperors", since there is insufficient material available for further verification and study.[3]

The reign of Emperor Kinmei (c. 509–571 AD), the 29th emperor,[4] is the first for which the contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates.[5] However, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.[6]

This family tree emphasizes the medieval to modern history of the Japanese royal family. For more info on the genealogies of earlier figures see Family tree of Japanese deities

Family tree
Family of Family tree of Japanese monarchs
SHINTO DEITIES
(legendary genealogy)[7]
Takamimusubi[8]Izanagi[9]Izanami[10]Kamimusubi
Amaterasu[11]Ōyamatsumi[12]Susanoo[13]
Futodama[14]Takuhadachiji-hime[15]Ame no
Oshihomimi[16]		Ame-no-hohi
Watatsumi[17]
Haji clan[18]Izumo priests
(Izumo clan)
Imbe clan[19]NigihayahiNinigi[20]Konohana Sakuyahime[21]
UtsushihikanasakuFurutama-no-mikoto
Mononobe clanTamanoya[22]Hoderi
(Umisachi-hiko)[23]		Hohodemi
(Hoori)[24]		Toyotama-hime[25]Azumi people（Owari Kuni-no-miyatsuko, Yamato no Kuni no Miyatsuko)
son or 6th-generation descendant
Shinabe clanHayato people[26]Ugayafu-kiaezu[27]Tamayori-hime[28]Ōkuninushi[29]
(Ōnamuchi)[30]		NunakawahimeAme-no-Koyane
HosuseriKotoshironushi[31]Tamakushi-himeAme no oshikumo no mikoto (Nakatomi clan progenitor) [32]TakeminakataYasakatomeSusa Clan[33]
(clan of priests at Susa Shrine)

JAPANESE
EMPERORS
Inahi no MikotoItsuse no MikotoAhiratsu-hime711–585 BC

Jimmu
r. 660–585(1)		Himetataraisuzu-hime[34]Miwa clanAmenotaneko[32]
KisumimiTagishimimi632–549 BC

Suizei
r. 581–549(2)		Isuzuyori-himeHikoyaiKamuyaimimi
d. 577 BC		Usami no Mikoto[32]
567–511 BC

Annei
r. 549–511(3)		Ikisomimi no mikotoMishokutsuomi no Mikoto[32]
553–477 BC

Itoku
r. 510–476(4)		Amonotoyototsu-himeIkatsuomikoto[32]
Yosotarashi-hime501–393 BC

Kōshō
r. 475–393(5)		Nashitomi[32]
Ametarashihiko kunioshihito427–291 BC

Kōan
r. 392–291(6)		Kamikikikatsu[32]
Oshihime342–215 BC

Kōrei
r. 290–215(7)		Kushiukameshi no Mikoto[32]
ancestry
Ikagashikome[lower-alpha 1]273–158 BC

Kōgen
r. 214–158(8)		KibitsuhikoYamatototohimomoso-himeKuninazu no oukashima[32]
Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto208–98 BC

Kaika
r. 157–98(9)		Omikiyama no Mikoto[32]
148–30 BC

Sujin
r. 97–30(10)		HikoimasuNakatomi no Ikatsu[32]
son or grandson
Takenouchi no SukuneYasaka Iribiko69 BC–70 AD

Suinin
r. 29 BC – 70 AD(11)		Yamashiro no Ōtsutsuki MawakaO-o-obase-no-mikoto (大小橋命) [32]
Yasaka Iribime13 BC–130 AD

Keikō
r. 71–130(12)		Kanime IkazuchiNakatomi no Amahisa-no-kimi [32]
Soga no Ishikawa Sukune
(Soga clan progenitor)		84–190

Seimu
r. 131–191(13)		Ioki IribikoYamato TakeruFutaji IrihimeOkinaga no SukuneNakatomi no Abiko [32]
Soga no MachiHomuda Mawaka149–200

Chūai
r. 192–200(14)
Jingū
200–270		Nakatomi no Mahito [32]
Nakatsuhime201–310

Ōjin
r. 270–310(15)		Nakatomi no Kamako [32]
Soga no KarakoPrincess Iwa290–399

Nintoku
r. 313–399(16)		Wakanuke no FutamataNakatomi no Kuroda [32]

Richū
r. 400–405(17)
Hanzei
r. 406–410(18)
Ingyō
r. 411–453(19)		Oshisaka no HimeOhohoto no Ōkimi
Soga no KomaIchinobe no Oshiwa
Ankō
r. 453–456(20)		418–479

Yūryaku
r. 456–479(21)		Ohi no Ōkimi
449–487

Kenzō
r. 484–487(23)
Ninken
r. 488–498(24)
Seinei
r. 480–484(22)		Ushi no Ōkimi
489–507

Buretsu
r. 498–507(25)		Tashiraka
Keitai
r. 507–531(26)
Soga no Iname
506?–570		Tachibana467–539

Senka
r. 536–539(28)		465–536

Ankan
r. 531–536(27)
Soga no Umako
c.551–626		Nakatomi no Tokiwa [32]Ishi-Hime509–571

Kinmei
r. 539–571(29)		Soga no KitashihimeSoga no Oanenokimi
Hiro Hime
?–575		Unako no Otoshi538–585

Bidatsu
r. 572–585(30)		554–628

Suiko
r. 593–628(33)		540–587

Yōmei
r. 585–587(31)		Anahobe no Hashihito520–592

Sushun
r. 587–592(32)
Soga no KuramaroNakatomi no Katanoko [32]Oshisako no Oe
b. 556		Nukate Hime
b. 570		Prince Sakurai
560–587?		Prince Shōtoku
574–622		Ōtomo
no Koteko
Nakatomi no Mikeko [32]Chinu no ŌkimiKibi Hime
Soga no Murajiko
611–664		614–669
Fujiwara no Kamatari
(Fujiwara clan progenitor)[32][36]
669		593–641

Jomei
r. 629–641(34)		594–661

Kōgyoku
r. 642–645(35)
Saimei
r. 654–661(37)		596–654

Kōtoku
r. 645–654(36)
Prince NanbaSoga no MasakoFujiwara no Fuhito
659–720		626–671

Tenji
r. 661–671(38)		Yamato Hime no Ōkimi
Prince Kurikuma648–672

Kōbun
r. 671–672(39)		Princess Tōchi
648/653–678		645–703

Jitō
r. 686–697(41)		631–686

Tenmu
r. 672–686(40)
Prince MinuFujiwara no Fusasaki
681–737		Shiki
c.668–716		660–721

Genmei
r. 707–715(43)		Kusakabe
662–689		Prince Toneri
676–735
Tachibana no Michiyo
(Tachibana clan progenitor)		Fujiwara no Miyako
?–754		683–707

Monmu
r. 697–707(42)		683–748

Genshō
r. 715–724(44)		733–765

Junnin
r. 758–764(47)
Tachibana no MoroeFujiwara no Matate
715–766		Empress Kōmyō
701–760		701–756

Shōmu
r. 724–749(45)
Tachibana no Naramaro718–770

Kōken
r. 749–758(46)
Shōtoku
r. 764–770(48)		Princess Inoe
(Ikami)
717–775		709–782

Kōnin
r. 770–781(49)		Takano no Niigasa
c.720–790
Tachibana no KiyotomoFujiwara no Uchimaro
756–812		Sakahito
754–829		Yamabe
737–806

Kanmu
r. 781–806(50)		Fujiwara no Otomuro
760–790
Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu
775–826		Asahara
779–817		Ate
774–824

Heizei
r. 806–809(51)		Kamino
786–842

Saga
r. 809–823(52)		Tachibana no Kachiko
786–850		Princess Koshi
789–809		Ōtomo
786–840

Junna
r. 823–833(53)		Kazurawara Shinno
Fujiwara no Nagara
802–856		Fujiwara no Yoshifusa
804–872		Minamoto no Kiyohime
810–856		Fujiwara no Nobuko
809–871		Masara
810–850

Ninmyō
(Fukakusa)
r. 833–850(54)		Princess Seishi
810–879		Takami Shinno
Fujiwara no Akirakeiko
829–899		Michiyasu
827–858

Montoku
r. 850–858(55)		Tokiyasu
830–887

Kōkō
r. 884–887(58)		Taira no Takamochi
(Taira clan progenitor)
Fujiwara no Mototsune
836–891		Fujiwara no Takaiko
842–910		Korehito
850–880

Seiwa
r. 858–876(56)		Sadami
867–931

Uda
r. 887–897(59)
Fujiwara no Tadahira
880–949		Sadaakira
869–949

Yōzei
r. 876–884(57)		Fujiwara no Onshi
885–954		Atsuhito
885–930

Daigo
r. 897–930(60)		Prince Atsumi
893–967
Kōshi
919–957		Fujiwara no Morosuke
909–960
Fujiwara no Kinsue
957–1029		Fujiwara no Koretada
924–972		Yutaakira
923–952

Suzaku
r. 930–946(61)		Fujiwara no Anshi
927–964		Nariakira
926–967

Murakami
r. 946–967(62)		Fujiwara no Kaneie
929–990		Minamoto no Masanobu
920–993
Fujiwara no Kaishi
945–975		Norihira
950–1011

Reizei
r. 967–969(63)		Princess Masako
950–1000		Fujiwara no Chōshi
c.954–982		Morihira
959–991

En'yū
r. 969–984(64)		Fujiwara no Senshi
962–1002		Fujiwara no Michinaga
966–1028		Minamoto no Rinshi
964–1053
Fujiwara no Sanenari
975–1004		Morohada
968–1008

Kazan
r. 984–986(65)		Fujiwara
no Seishi
972–1025		Iyasada
976–1017

Sanjō
r. 1011–1016(67)		Fujiwara no Kenshi
994–1027		Fujiwara no Shōshi
988–1074		Kanehito
980–1011

Ichijō
r. 986–1011(66)		Fujiwara no Teishi
977–1001
Fujiwara no KinnariPrincess Teishi
1013–1094		Fujiwara no Genshi
1016–1039		Atsunaga
1009–1045

Go-Suzaku
r. 1036–1045(69)		Fujiwara no Kishi
1007–1025		Atsuhira
1008–1036

Go-Ichijō
r. 1016–1036(68)		Fujiwara no Ishi
999–1036
Fujiwara Shigeko
?–1062		Takahito
1034–1073

Go-Sanjō
r. 1068–1073(71)		Princess Kaoruko
1029–1093		Chikahito
1025–1068

Go-Reizei
r. 1045–1068(70)		Princess Akiko
{Shōshi}
1027–1105		Fujiwara no Kanshi
1021–1102		Fujiwara no Hiroko
1036–1127
Fujiwara no Sanesue
1035–1092		Sadahito
1053–1129

Shirakawa
r. 1073–1087(72)		Fujiwara no Kenshi
1057–1084
Fujiwara no YorimichiFujiwara no Kinzane
1053–1107		Fujiwara no Ishi
1076–1103		Taruhito
1079–1107

Horikawa
r. 1087–1107(73)		Princess Tokushi
1060–1114		Princess Yasuko
1076–1096
Fujiwara no MorozaneFujiwara no Michisue
1090–1128		Tokudaiji Saneyoshi
1117–1173		Fujiwara no Nariko
1117–1160		Munehito
1096–1157

Toba
r. 1107–1123(74)		Fujiwara no Tamako
1101–1145		Fujiwara no Yasuko
1095–1156
Fujiwara no MoromichiFujiwara no Kinmichi
1117–1173		Tokudaiji Kinyoshi
1115–1161		Masahito
1127–1192

Go-Shirakawa
r. 1155–1158(77)		Fujiwara no Kinshi
1134–1209		Akihito
1119–1164

Sutoku
r. 1123–1142(75)		Fujiwara no Kiyoko
1121–1182		Taira no Kiyomori
1118–1181
Fujiwara no TadazaneFujiwara no Sanemune
1145–1214		Princess
Yoshiko
1141–1176		Morihito
1143–1165

Nijō
r. 1158–1165(78)		Fujiwara no Tashi
1140–1202		Narihito
1139–1155

Konoe
r. 1142–1155(76)		Fujiwara no Shimeko
1131–1176		Norihito
1161–1181

Takakura
r. 1168–1180(80)		Taira no Tokuko
1155–1213
Fujiwara no TadamichiSaionji Kintsune
1171–1244		Yorihito
1164–1176

Rokujō
r. 1165–1168(79)		Fujiwara
no Ikushi
1146–1173		Takahura
1180–1239

Go-Toba
r. 1185–1198(82)		Kujō Ninshi
1173–1239		Prince Morisada
1179－1223		Tokihito
1178–1185

Antoku
r. 1180–1185(81)
Konoe MotozaneTōin Saneo
1219–1273		Saionji Saneuji
1194–1269		Fujiwara no Reishi
1185–1243		Tamehito
1196–1231

Tsuchimikado
r. 1198–1210(83)		Morinari
1197–1242

Juntoku
r. 1210–1221(84)		Fujiwara no Ritsushi
1192–1248		Yutahito
1212–1234

Go-Horikawa
r. 1221–1232(86)		Fujiwara no Shunshi
1209–1233
Konoe MotomichiSaionji Kisshi
1225–1292		Kunihito
1220–1272

Go-Saga
r. 1242–1246(88)		Kanenari
1218–1234

Chūkyō
r. 1221(85)		Mitsuhito
1231–1242

Shijō
r. 1232–1242(87)
Konoe IezaneTōin Inshi
1246–1329		Hisahito
1243–1304

Go-Fukakusa
r. 1246–1260(89)		Saionji
(Fujiwara)
no Kimiko
1232–1304		Tōin no Saneko
1245–1272		Tsunehito
1249–1305

Kameyama
r. 1260–1274(90)		Fujiwara no Kishi
1252–1318		Prince Munetaka
1242–1274
Shōgun:
1252–1266
Konoe KanetsuneTōin Sueko
1265–1336		Hirohito
1265–1317

Fushimi
r. 1287–1298(92)		Prince Hisaaki
1279–1308
Shōgun:
1289–1308		Reishi
1270–1307		Yohito
1267–1324

Go-Uda
r. 1274–1287(91)		Prince Koreyasu
1264–1326
Shōgun:
1266–1289
Konoe MotohiraTomihito
1297–1348

Hanazono
r. 1308–1318(95)		Tanehito
1288–1336

Go-Fushimi
r. 1298–1301(93)		Prince Morikuni
1301–1333
Shōgun:
1308–1333		Takaharu
1288–1339

Go-Daigo
r. 1318–1339(96)		Saionji Kishi
1303–1333		Kuniharo
1285–1308

Go-Nijō
r. 1301–1308(94)		Fujiwara no Kinshi
1271–1342
Konoe IemotoYutahito
1322–1380

Kōmyō
1336–1348		Kazuhito
1313–1348

Kōgon
1332–1334		Princess Junshi
1311–1337		Noriyoshi
1328–1368

Go-Murakami
r. 1339–1368(97)		Prince Moriyoshi
1308–1335
Shōgun:
1333–1334		Prince Narinaga
1326–1338/1344
Shōgun:
1334–1338		Prince Tsunenaga
1324–1338		Prince Munenaga
1311–c.1385		Prince Kaneyoshi
c.1329–1383
Konoe TsunehiraOkihito
1334–1398

Sukō
1348–1351		Iyahito
1336–1374

Go-Kōgon
1352–1371		Yutanari
1343–1394

Chōkei
r. 1368–1383(98)		Hironari
1347–1424

Go-Kameyama
r. 1383–1392(99)
Konoe MototsuguYoshihito shinnō
1351–1416		Ohito
1359–1393

Go-En'yū
1371–1382		Key: Northern Pretender
Legitimate Emperor
Konoe MichitsuguSadafusa shinnō
1372–1456		Motohito
1377–1433

Go-Komatsu
1382–1392
r. 1392–1412(100)
Konoe KanetsuguMihito
1401–1428

Shōkō
r. 1412–1428(101)
Konoe Tadatsugu
1383–1454		Hikohito
1419–1471

Go-Hanazono
r. 1428–1464(102)		Fushimi Sadatsune
1426–1474
Konoe FusatsuguFusahito
1442–1500

Go-Tsuchimikado
r. 1464–1500(103)		Fushimi Kunitaka
1456–1532
Konoe MasaieKatsuhito
1464–1526

Go-Kashiwabara
r. 1500–1526(104)		Fushimi Sadaatsu
1488–1572
Hisamichi(15)
1472–1544		Tomohito
1497–1557

Go-Nara
r. 1526–1557(105)		Fushimi Kunisuke
1513–1563
Taneie(16)
1503–1566		Michihito
1517–1593

Ōgimachi
r. 1557–1586(106)		Fushimi Kuninobu
1566–1622
Tokugawa Ieyasu
1543–1616
Shōgun:
1603–1605		Konoe SakihisaPrince Masahito
1552–1586		Fushimi Sadakiyo
1596–1654
Tokugawa Hidetada
1579–1632
Shōgun:
1605–1623		Konoe SakikoKazuhito
1572–1617

Go-Yōzei
r. 1586–1611(107)		Fushimi Sadayuki
1632–1694
Tokugawa Masako
1607–1678		Kokohito
1596–1680

Go-Mizunoo
r. 1611–1629(108)
Okiko
1624–1696

Meishō
r. 1629–1643(109)		Tsuguhito
1633–1654

Go-Kōmyō
r. 1643–1654(110)		Nagahito
1638–1685

Go-Sai
r. 1655–1663(111)		Satohito
1654–1732

Reigen
r. 1663–1687(112)		Takatsukasa Fusako
1653–1712
Kujō
Sukezane
1669–1729		Mashiko
1669–1738		Asahito
1675–1710

Higashiyama
r. 1687–1709(113)		Princess Yukiko
1680–1720		Yoshiko
1676–1707		Fushimi Kuninaga
1676–1726
Kujō Yukinori
1700–1728		Naohito shinnō
1704–1753		Yashuhito
1702–1737

Nakamikado
r. 1709–1735(114)
Nijō Munemoto
1727–1754		Teruhito
1720–1750

Sakuramachi
r. 1735–1747(115)		Fushimi Sadatake
1701–1754
Sukehito shinnō
1733–1794		Toohito
1741–1762

Momozono
r. 1747–1762(116)		Toshiko
1740–1813

Go-Sakuramachi
r. 1762–1771(117)
Nijō Harutaka
1754–1826		Hidehito
1758–1779

Go-Momozono
r. 1771–1779(118)		Fushimi Kuniyori
1733–1802
Kajyūji Tadako
1780–1843		Morohito
1771–1840

Kōkaku
r. 1780–1817(119)		Princess Yoshiko
1779–1846		Fushimi Sadayuki
1776–1841
Kujō Hisatada
1798–1871		Ayahito
1800–1846

Ninkō
r. 1817–1846(120)		Ōgimachi Naoko
1803–1856		Fushimi Kuniie
1802–1872
Empress Dowager Eishō
(Asako Kujō)
1835–1897		Osahito
1831–1867

Kōmei
r. 1846–1867(121)		Nakayama Yoshiko
1836–1907
Kujō Michitaka
1839–1906		Yanagiwara Naruko
1859–1943		Mutsuhito
1852–1912

Meiji
r. 1867–1912(122)		Empress Dowager Shōken
(Haruko Ichijō)
1849–1914		Kuni Asahiko
1824–1891		Prince Fushimi Sadanaru
1858–1923
Empress Teimei
(Sadako Kujō)
1884–1951		Yoshihito
1879–1926

Taishō
r. 1912–1926(123)		Kuni Kuniyoshi
1873–1929		Toshiko,
Princess Yasu
1896–1978		Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni
1887–1990		Prince Nashimoto Morimasa
1874–1951		Gojong
1852–1919
Emperor of Korea		Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
1875–1946
Setsuko Matsudaira
1909–1995		Yasuhito,
Prince Chichibu
1902–1953		Nobuhito,
Prince Takamatsu
1905–1987		Kikuko Tokugawa
1911–2004		Yi Bangja
1901–1989
Crown Princess of Korea		Yi Un
1897–1970
Crown Prince of Korea		Kaya Tsunenori
1900–1978
Yuriko Takagi
b. 1923		Takahito,
Prince Mikasa
1915–2016		Hirohito
1901–1989

Shōwa
r. 1926–1989(124)		Empress Kōjun
(Princess Nagako of Kuni)
1903–2000		Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi
1897–1938
Yoshihito,
Prince Katsura
1948–2014		Princess Yasuko of Mikasa
b. 1944		Tadateru Konoe
b. 1939		Sachiko,
Princess Hisa
1927–1928		Takako,
Princess Suga
b. 1939		Hisanaga Shimazu
b. 1934		Shigeko,
Princess Teru
1925–1961		Morihiro Higashikuni
1916–1969
Toshimichi Takatsukasa
1923–1966		Kazuko,
Princess Taka
1929–1989		The Empress Emerita
(Michiko Shōda)
b. 1934		Akihito
b. 1933

The Emperor Emeritus
r. 1989–2019(125)		Masahito,
Prince Hitachi
b. 1935		Hanako Tsugaru
b. 1940		Atsuko,
Princess Yori
b. 1931		Takamasa Ikeda
1926–2012		Yi Ku
1931–2005
Pretender of Korea		Prince Kaya Akinori
1929–1994		Fushimi Hiroaki
b. 1932
Prince Tomohito of Mikasa
1946–2012		Nobuko Asō
b. 1955		Naruhito
b. 1960

The Emperor
r. 2019–present(126)		The Empress
(Masako Owada)
b. 1963		Crown Prince Akishino
b. 1965		Crown Princess Akishino
(Kiko Kawashima)
b. 1966		Sayako,
Princess Nori
b. 1969		Yoshiki Kuroda
b. 1965		Kaya Masanori
b. 1959
Norihito,
Prince Takamado
1954–2002		Hisako Tottori
b. 1953		Princess Akiko of Mikasa
b. 1981		Princess Yōko of Mikasa
b. 1983		Aiko,
Princess Toshi
b. 2001		Princess Mako
b. 1991		Kei Komuro
b. 1991		Princess Kako
b. 1994		Prince Hisahito
b. 2006
Princess Tsuguko of Takamado
b. 1986		Princess Noriko of Takamado
b. 1988		Kunimaro Senge
b. 1973		Princess Ayako of Takamado
b. 1990		Kei Moriya
b. 1986

See also

Notes
  1. There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston.[35]

References
General
  • "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" (PDF). Imperial Household Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
  • "Family tree of Japanese monarchs"
Specific
  1. Kamu-yamato Iware-biko. Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  2. Yoshida, Reiji. "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl", Japan Times. March 27, 2007; retrieved 2013-8-22.
  3. Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture", Japanese Archaeology. April 27, 2009.
  4. Titsingh, pp. 34–36; Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124.
  5. Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.
  6. Aston, William. (1896). Nihongi, pp. 109.
  7. Rotermund, Hartmut O., ed. (2000). "Généalogie des kami" [Genealogy of the kami]. Religions, croyances et traditions populaires du Japon [Religions, beliefs and popular traditions in Japan] (in French). Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 117. ISBN 978-87-06-81432-9.
  8. Mizue, Mori (10 May 2005). "Takamimusubi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  9. Atsushi, Kadoya (20 October 2005). "Izanagi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  10. Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (12 March 2005). "Izanami". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  11. Mizue, Mori (15 March 2006). "Amaterasu". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  12. Kaoru, Nakayama (7 May 2005). "Ōyamatsumi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  13. Atsushi, Kadoya (10 May 2005). "Susanoo". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  14. Ponsonby-Fane, R. A. B. (June 3, 2014). Studies In Shinto & Shrines. Routledge. ISBN 9781136892943 – via Google Books.
  15. Mizue, Mori (13 May 2005). "Yorozuhatahime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  16. Kazuhiko, Nishioka (21 April 2005). "Amenooshihomimi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  17. Kaoru, Nakayama (13 May 2005). "Watatsumi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  18. Cali, J.; Dougill, J. (2012). Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion. University of Hawaii Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8248-3775-4. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  19. "Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Medieval and Early Modern Schools : Inbe Shintō". eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp.
  20. Mizue, Mori; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (6 May 2005). "Ninigi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  21. Mizue, Mori (28 April 2005). "Konohanasakuyahime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  22. "Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Kami in Classic Texts : Amenoakarutama". eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp.
  23. Mizue, Mori (22 April 2005). "Hohodemi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  24. Mizue, Mori (22 April 2005). "Hohodemi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  25. Mizue, Mori (10 May 2005). "Toyotamabime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  26. Japanese Mythology a to Z. Infobase. 2009. ISBN 9781438128023 – via Google Books.
  27. Mizue, Mori (12 May 2005). "Ugayafukiaezu". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  28. Mizue, Mori (10 May 2005). "Tamayoribime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  29. Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (20 October 2005). "Ōkuninushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  30. Atsushi, Kadoya (21 April 2005). "Ōnamuchi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  31. Atsushi, Kadoya (28 April 2005). "Kotoshironushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  33. Tanigawa Ken'ichi 『日本の神々 神社と聖地 7 山陰』（新装復刊） 2000年 白水社 ISBN 978-4-560-02507-9
  34. Kazuhiko, Nishioka (26 April 2005). "Isukeyorihime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  35. Ujiya, Tsutomu (1988). Nihon shoki. Grove Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-8021-5058-5.
  36. Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
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