List of Indian musical instruments

Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel–Sachs system into four categories: chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments), membranophones (drums) and idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments).

Lady playing pulluvan veena

Chordophones

Plucked strings

Bowed strings
Tribal fiddle instruments called "Dhodro Banam" used by Santhal people in Eastern India.

Other string instruments
  • Gethu or Jhallari – struck tanpura
  • Gubguba or Jamuku (khamak)
  • Pulluvan kutam
  • Santoor – Hammered dulcimer

Aerophones

Single reed
Snake charmer playing pungi
Bansuri player at Mehrangarh Fort at Jodhpur.
Indian Harmonium

Double reed

Flute

Bagpipes
  • Mashak
  • Titti
  • Sruti upanga

Free reed

Free reed and bellows

Brass
  • Bigul – see Bugle
  • Ekkalam
  • Karnal
  • Kombu (instrument)
  • Ramsinga
  • Kahal
  • Nagfani
  • Turi
  • Tutari

Membranophones

Hand drums
Learning to play tabla
Tumbaknaer, drum from Jammu and Kashmir for accompanying devotionals
Chenda (top) and Chande (below) are different drums
Chande of Yakshagana
  • Pakhavaj
  • Pakhavaj Jori – Sikh instrument similar to Tabla
  • Panchamukha vadyam
  • Pung cholom
  • Shuddha Madalam or Maddalam
  • Tabala / Tabl / Chameli – goblet drum
  • Tabla
  • Tabla Tarang – set of Tablas
  • Tamate
  • Thanthi Panai
  • Thimila
  • Tumbak, Tumbaknari, Tumbaknaer
  • Tumdak'
  • Udukku

Hand frame drums
  • Daf, duf, or dafli – medium or large frame drum without jingles, of Persian origin
  • Dubki, dimdi or dimri – small frame drum without jingles
  • Kanjira – small frame drum with one jingle
  • Kansi – small drum without jingles
  • Patayani thappu – medium frame drum played with hands

Stick and hand drums

Stick drums
Chennakeshava Temple, 12th century A.D. Goddess playing an hourglass drum, possibly an udukai.
  • Chande
  • Davul
  • Kachhi Dhol
  • Nagara – pair of kettledrums
  • Pambai – unit of two cylindrical drums
  • Parai thappu, halgi – frame drum played with two sticks
  • Sambal
  • Stick daff or stick duff – daff in a stand played with sticks
  • Tamak'
  • Tasha – type of kettledrum
  • Timki
  • Urumee

Idiophones
A medieval instrument, labeled nagaveena (snake veena), is a type of musical scraper.
  • Chigggjha – fire tong with brass jingles
  • Chengila – metal disc
  • Eltathalam
  • Gegvrer – brass vessel
  • Ghaynti – Northern Indian bell
  • Ghatam and Matkam (Earthenware pot drum)
  • Ghunyugroo
  • Khartal or Chiplya
  • Manjira or jhanj or taal
  • Nut – clay pot
  • Sankarpjlnjang – lithophone
  • Thali – metal plate
  • Thattukanvjzhi mannai
  • Yakshahgana bells

Melodic
Jaltarang

Hand harmonium

Dwarkanath Ghose (Dwarkin) modified the French pedal harmonium.

Electronic
  • Roland HandSonic
  • Electronic tanpura
  • Electronic (digital) tabla
  • Talameter

See also

References
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